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Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 1 Table of Contents 1. Overview ……………………………………………………………… ………………….. 3   2. Mission and Goals …………………………………………………………….. ………….. 5   3. Study Methodology ……………………………………………………………… ………… 6   4. Study Area ……………………………………………………………… …………………. 7   5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis …………………………………………………….. 8   6. Obstacles to Access and Co nnectivity (Gap Analysis) ………………………………….. 11   7. Affected Prop erty Data …………………………………………………………… ……. 12   8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost ……………………………………………… 12   9. Brownfields and Environmental Cons traints ……………………………………………. 13   10. Safety and Security ……………………………………………………………… …….. 14   11. Permitting Issues ……………………………………………………………… ………. 15   12. Coordination with Other Studies ………………………………………………………. 18   13. Community Input ……………………………………………………………… ………. 19   14. Opportunities an d Challenges …………………………………………………………. 20   15. Recommended Gr eenway Routing …………………………………………………….. 22   16. Use of the Ra il Corridor ………………………………………………………….. …… 31   17. Recommended Trail Section Limits ……………………………………………………. 34   18. Trail Section Prioritization …………………………………………………………….. 35   19. Cost Es timate …………………………………………………………….. …………… 36   20. Community Phasing Pl ans ………………………………………………………….. …. 37   21. Greenway Zoning …………………………………………………………….. ……….. 38   22. Funding Sources ……………………………………………………………… ………… 39   23. Next Steps ………………………………………………………….. …………………. 41   Appendices Appendix A – Public In volvement Process …………………………………………………. 44   Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps …………………………………………….. 46   Appendix C – Detailed Co st Estimate Tables ………………………………………………. 49   Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 2 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. ……………………. 3 Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis in Watertown. ……………………………………… 10 Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges for Potential Greenway Route in Watertown. …. 21 Figure 4: Recommended Greenway Ro uting Concept in Watertown. …………………….. 23 Figure 5: Trail cross-section north of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) showing the greenway trail’s relation ship to the Naugatuck River, the Naugatuck Railroad and Route 8. ……………………………………………………… 24 Figure 6: Greenway trail intersec tion with Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and the Naugatuck Railroad. Improvements include: a greenway-user activated traffic signal and railroad crossing warning lights, signage and gates. ……….. 25 Figure 7: Trail cross-section south of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and potential new park space along the west bank of the Naugatuck River. …………………. 26 Figure 8: Potential greenway bridge between Watertown and Waterbury utilizing a rocky outcropping at the bend in the river adjacent to the intersection of Thomaston Avenue and Spru ce Brook Road (not seen at right). …………. 27 Figure 9: Rail with Trail Alignment Diagram. ……………………………………………… 31 Figure 10: Watertown Greenway Sections. ……………………………………………….. 34 Figure 11: Land Parcel Inventory Map 3 for Thomaston/Watertown ……………………… 47 Figure 12: Land Parcel Inventory Map 4 for Thomaston/Watertown ……………………… 48 Figure 13: Trail segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. ………………………………. 51 List of Tables Table 1: Watertown Trail Sectio n Prioritization Matrix …………………………………… 35 Table 2: Land Parcel In ventory (Appendix B) ……………………………………………… 46 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 3 1. Overview The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Stud y report recommends routing for the Naugatuck River Greenway trail through the Town of Watertown, Connecticut. The routing is the product of a year-long effort to study, analyze and devel op routing recommendations for a Naugatuck River Greenway trail along the Naugatuck River in Wester n Connecticut. As part of this project, greenway routing reports were also created for Thomaston, Naugatuck, and Beacon Falls. A routing report was also created for Waterbury, as part of a separate proce ss. The overall goal of these reports is to identify a route for a 22-mile long regional greenway trail in the Central Naugatuck Valley Region. It is envisioned that this greenway will ultimately extend 44 miles fr om Torrington in the north to Derby in the south. The two primary goals of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) are: 1) To develop a non-motorized transportation facility for walkers and cyclists. 2) To provide public access to the Naugatuck River. The NRG will provide Watertown residents with a safe pedestrian and bicycle path that will connect to neighboring municipalities. The NRG will facilitate river access for fishing and small boat launches. The recommended alignment in Watertown remains within viewing distance of the river for almost the entire proposed route. This allows users to appreciate the beauty of the Naugatuck River, even when being directly alongside of it is not possible or practical. In most areas along the length of the alignment, the preferred greenway route was apparent due to the relative ease of developing a trail along one side of the river versus the opposite bank. In a handful of locations, however, routing options were presented and narrowed down after input from the general public, the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, town officials and Council of Governments of th e Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) staff. For the Study, a greenway is defined as “ a corridor of land that connects people and nature together,” and a trail is defined as “ a linear facility for non-motori zed transportation and recreation .” The future trail’s design will be context sensitive; in some sections it may be a paved, shared-use path for pedestrians and bicyclists, while in others, the trail may be a rustic, natural-surf ace path that is more amenable to equestrians. The Study also makes recommendations for the trail and related improvements such as trailheads, parking areas, canoe/kayak landings, on-street bike improvements and other spur connections. Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 4 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Greenway-oriented ec onomic development adjacent to the Sue Gro ssman Still River Greenway in Torrington. ( photo: Peter Kisselburgh ) Throughout the planning process, care was taken to ensure that recommendations coming from this Study fully considered recommendations from the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing/ Feasibility Study as well as the various greenway-planning efforts occurring separately in all four municipalities. The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study also recommends connections to nearby parks, schools, state forests and town centers along the route. The Naugatuck River is the Central Naugatuck Valley Region’s primary natural resource. While in many stretches the river has an industrial nature, in others it takes on the traits of a wild ri ver running through far less developed areas, such as northern New England or the Berkshires. Today, there is a new appreciation of the value of this resource in the heart of Western Connecticut. COGCNV recognizes this portion of the Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway as the core of an inter-connected greenway system that will eventually connect to Ox ford, Middlebury and Southbury via Larkin State Park Trail and to Connecticut Forest and Park’s Blue-Blazed hiking trail network. When complete, the Naugatuck River Greenway will:  Serve as an alternative green transportation facility  Provide recreation opportunities for residents and visitors  Improve the quality of life in local communities  Increase property values adjoining the greenway  Help retain and attract new businesses and residents  Raise awareness and help build appreciation of the value of the Naugatuck River The scenic quality of some se ctions of the Naugatuck River rivals that of rivers nearly anywhere in New England. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 5 2. Mission and Goals The following Mission and Goals provide a measurable set of guidelines for the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway. Mission: Develop an interconnected greenway trail along the Naugatuck River corridor from Thomaston to Beacon Falls that incorporates existing and planned trails and open spaces, and connects to nearby parks, schools, do wntowns, public transportation and other destinations in order to create opportuniti es for non-motorized transportation and for communities to reconnect with the na tural environment along the river. Goal 1: Connect Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury , Naugatuck and Beacon Falls with a contiguous multiuse greenway trail. Furt hermore, access points and connectivity to commuter and tourist train stations and bus ro utes are necessary for the proposed trail to be a successful transportation and recreational facility. Goal 2: Increase the number of people walking an d bicycling for transportation and recreation and the number of children walking and bicycling to school in the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region, helping to reduce traffic congestion, greenhouse-gas emissions and sedentary lifestyles. Goal 3: Support each community’s economic developm ent efforts by routing the greenway to serve their downtown areas. Goal 4: Incorporate context-sensitive design in th e planning and development of the greenway trail. The trail will be sensitive to local conditions. Individual sections of the trail may be designed as a rustic, natural-surface trail or as a paved, shared-use path based on local conditions. Some stretches could be designed to encourage equestrians, depending on local conditions. Interpretive elements will reflect each community’s unique heritage and culture, while a greenway logo will establish a consistent identity along the entire greenway trail. Goal 5: Reconnect the communities of the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region to the Naugatuck River. Provide access to the river for recreati onal, educational and public safety purposes. Encourage municipalities and residents to better protect the river corridor. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 6 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 3. Study Methodology The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study followed a methodology that included community workshops, site walks, stakeholder meetings, reviews of relevant planning documents and field observations to identify short-term and long-term alternatives for development of the regional greenway. Planning tools such as GIS-based data analysis and review of aerial photography were employed as well. The mission and goals outlined in the previous section guided the planning process. A series of site walks and meetings with stakeholders in each of the communities occurred in the fall of 2009 and continued on an as-needed basis through the summer of 2010. Public workshops for the data- gathering stage were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively and on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Water town, respectively. Additionally, the project website ( http://www.cogcnv.org/greenway ) was maintained throughout the duration of the study. A core element of the Routing Study was to identify gaps in the current greenway system and propose short- and long-term alternatives for closing the gaps and connecting existing or planned sections of the greenway. Gaps were evaluated for:  Land ownership issues  User accessibility  Environmental concerns  Physical barriers such as topography, major roads and rail lines, etc.  Permitability, constructability and cost  Adjacent planned development  Community support or opposition  Overall character, including view opportunities  Adjacency to points of interest  Potential or lack of access points After the Gap Evaluation, an analysis of opportuniti es and challenges within the project corridor was conducted to refine the routing alternatives. Worki ng with COGCNV planners and the Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, the alternatives were narrowed do wn to a recommended greenway alignment that had the community’s support. In conjunction with th e routing recommendations, a phasing plan for implementation, along with cost estimates for each phase were developed. The phasing recommendations take into account that greenway planning, design an d development often occur over extended periods of time and early successes can help to maintain overall project support, funding and momentum. Watertown Town Manager Chuck Frigone addresses greenway workshop attendees. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 7 The planning and conceptual design of the trail fo llows appropriate trail-related design guidelines. For example, the typical cross-section for the NRG is based on the AASHTO 1999 Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities, which recommends a ten foot-wide shared-use path with two-foot soft shoulders (fourteen feet total) with a minimum dimension of eight feet to clear pinch points. This does not preclude, however, the possibility that some sections of the trail may include stretches that are narrower and made of permeable surfaces due to lo cal conditions and other constraints. 4. Study Area The study area is a 22-mile corridor along the Naugat uck River within the municipalities of Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The corridor is approximately one-half to one mile in width but can vary to allow for a full range of opportunities for con sideration, including the potential for trails on both sides of the river or along road s, highways and rail corridors. At the north end, recommendations for the greenway alignment extend from the Thomaston Dam in Thomaston to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park in Beacon Falls at the south end. Connections further north to Torrington and south to Derby are being coordinated by the Litchfield Hills Council of Elected Officials and the Valley Council of Governments, respectively. Within the river corridor in Watertown, the study area for a potential greenway trail was limited to an approximately half- mile wide corridor between Route 8 on the west to Waterbury Road (in Thomaston) on the east. Additionally, on-road bicycle improvements were studied along roadways perpendicular to the river corridor, extending west to the center of Watertown. The more-than-three mile length of this corridor is relatively consistent and comprised primarily of wooded areas cut by the rail line, the Route 8 co rridor and a dirt access road. Downriver from the Thomaston-Watertown Town Line along Branch Brook, the Naugatuck River cuts a channel into the hills of the Mattatuck State Forest. In this section, with Watertown fronting the west bank and Thomaston the east, there is very limited development because of the steep slopes and the presence of the rail line and Route 8. The state highway is at a much higher grad e than the river in most places and its visual and auditory impact is relatively minimal. The beautiful scenery continues until the Waterbury line, where the Waterbury Industrial Commons flood wall dominates the riverscape. View of the rail line through the wooded area north of Frost Bridge Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 8 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis The analysis of Potential Greenway Routes is based on meetings and walking tours with stakeholders, field observations and the examinatio ns of aerial photos and GIS-based maps. This analysis is based on the long-term desire to incorporate a 8-12’ wide st one dust or paved trail in close proximity to the Naugatuck River, but a narrower dirt hiking trail or on-street bike lanes in the short term are not precluded. These may be necessary to avoid diffi cult stretches where property ownership issues, engineering challenges or envi ronmental constraints exist. The Town of Watertown’s Greenway Routing Analysis Map (Figure 2 on page 10) includes:  Identification of cultural and historic destinations and scenic areas that should be connected to the greenway.  Existing, planned or proposed local greenways.  Portions of the corridor for which no apparent routing options currently exist, i.e. gaps.  Identification of potential spurs and loops that connect to other greenw ays, amenities and destinations. For the latter two bullets points, the map features el ements along the river that present existing and potential conditions along the Naugatuck River. Poten tial conditions and example situations from the region are presented below:  No apparent routing option along the river – typically due to the placement of Waterbury Road on the Thomaston side of the river or very steep slopes that may present significant challenges (note that this does not preclude the possibility of a narrow, short-term path as mentioned above).  Potential ‘rail with trail’ along active rail line – an active rail line with an adjacent level shelf, unutilized spur or maintenance way that is potentially wide enough to accommodate the greenway trail with an appropriate setback (ideally 20-25’ but potentially as low as 10’) from the rail line. Example: North of the Prospect Street Bridge in Naugatuck where Route 8 runs very close to the river’s edge. Example: The rail corridor through parts of Naugatuck may offer an opportunity for a rail-with-trail greenway section. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 9  Potential trail adjacent to the river – portions of the riverbank where spatial and topographical constraints do not prevent the routing of the trail close to the river’s edge.  Potential connection along existing access road or street rights of way (ROW) – areas where the greenway may be able to use an adjacent access road or the portion of an adjacent road ROW with sufficient width to accommodate a trail.  Potential spur trail/street improvements – these are on-road improvements that may involve creating bicycle lanes and improved pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks. These on-road improvements can help to connect the greenway to other trails, schools, cultural destinations and downtown areas. Example: Portions of the greenway trail within Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park are likely to run adjacent to the river. Example: A dirt maintenance roadway that runs between the rail line and Route 8 in Watertown is an opportunity for the trail. Example: Streetscape enhancements along Elm Street in Thomaston will improve connections between the future Naugatuck River Greenway and the Clock Walk. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 10 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis in Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 11 6. Obstacles to Access and Connectivity (Gap Analysis) Throughout the more-than-three mile corridor in Water town, there are a handful of obstacles to access and connectivity for a seamless Naugatuck River Green way (NRG) trail. The obstacles include Branch Brook at the Town Line, busy traffic along Frost Brid ge Road (Route 262) and the need to cross the river to connect to the recommended alignm ent of the greenway in Waterbury. The future trail will also run for nearly a two mile stretch from Reynolds Bridge Road to Frost Bridge Road without access to an adjacent or intersecting public street. This may create a sa fety perception problem as potential greenway users could feel anxious about the lack of access points in and out of the trail in the case of an emergency. Additional obstacles exist for those wishing to access the NRG corridor by car or transit, since no parking or trail head currently exist. Only one access point is recommended in Watertown proper, a primary trailhead and parking area to be incorporated into the planned CT Transit Waterbury Bus Maintenance Garage along Frost Bridge Road. Trailheads located just north of Branch Brook (at the Thomaston Sewer Plant) and adjacent to the railroad bridge over the Naugatuck River in Thomaston, will also provide access to the trail. The recommended NRG trail route will follow an existing unpaved access road that runs between Route 8 and the Naugatuck River for over two miles. Currently, the access road is used occa sionally by dirt bikes and all-terrain vehicles, so decisions will need to be made in the future with regards to which users —motorized, non-motorized or both—have the right to use the greenw ay trail. This dirt access road terminates at Frost Bridge Road and the rail line continues south to Waterbury in a right of way with an adjacent shoulder that could potentially accommodate a trail. While this corridor works well for a linear greenway trail, the presence of Route 8 to the west and the t opographical conditions make connections to adjacent neighborhoods difficult, except along Route 262. At the south end of this section, a pedestrian-bike bridge will be needed to connect to the future NRG trail in Waterbury. On the east side of the river from Reynolds Brid ge to Frost Bridge (Town of Thomaston property), potential access for non-motorized users is also signific antly constrained. For much of this stretch, either Waterbury Road or the rail line (or both) lie very close to the river’ s east bank. In some spots, the road pulls away from the river and provides access for t hose on foot, particularly the blue blazed Whitestone Cliff Trail as it passes over Frost Bridge and turns north before passing under Waterbury Road. South of Frost Bridge, Waterbury Road runs in a relatively na rrow corridor with some pinch points, but nothing so extreme as to completely preclude a trail route along Waterbury Road. Site of the future CT Transit Waterbury Bus Maintenance Garage off of Frost Bridge Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 12 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 7. Affected Property Data The parcels falling within or adjacent to the study area boundary described earlier have been identified and shown on the figures provided in Appendix B. A table with parcel size and property-owner information is also provided in Appendix B. The parcel inventory is intended to facilitate future correspondence between the municipality and affected pr operty owners. The parcel table was developed with the assistance of the Watertown Town Assessor, but in some instances the information has been found to be incomplete. In Watertown, a total of four parcels have been identi fied within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include:  Former drive-in theater site, home to the proposed CT Transit Waterbury Bus Maintenance Garage along Frost Bridge Road.  The Connecticut Department of Transportation’ s (CTDOT) Route 8 and rail corridor property from the Thomaston-Watertown Town Line to Frost Bridge Road. South of Frost Bridge Road, the Route 8 right of way diverts to the west and is not relevant to the NRG alignment but the rail corridor continues to run alongside the river is owned by the state. The rail line is leased by the Naugatuck Railroad from the CTDOT. 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost Experience on other greenway projects can be used to infer a planning level estimate of expected construction cost for the Naugatuck River Green way in Watertown. For a typical greenway with conventional structure types in a rural setting, exp ected greenway construction costs for either a 10-12’ paved or stone dust path range fr om $0.75 to $1.25 million per mile. Many factors will affect final cost including construction materials, commodity prices, pr operty impacts of the selected alignment and other undetermined issues. Costs for a greenway trail along th e Naugatuck River corridor, as with most greenway projects, will be largely driven by the requirements of structural com ponents (e.g., bridges, pile-supported walkways, etc.). Completing the main stem of the greenway within the Watertown town limits will require one new river crossing over Branch Brook. Up to three additional br idges (spanning the Naugatuck River or the existing rail line) will be required to complete optional connecti ons within Watertown as well as to connect to the Waterbury portion of the trail system. Off-setting th e costs of this bridge are long stretches of comparatively inexpensive trail that can be constru cted at the existing grade of the dirt access road between Branch Brook and Frost Bridge Road. Another expensive component is anticipated to be a potential elevated rail crossing at the northern end of the former drive-in movie site. Here, construction of a trail as part of the CT Transit bus maintenance facility and the approved, but yet un-built, material pr ocessing facility is expected, but current plans have the trail dead end at the northern end of the site. Combined with the primary greenway trail along the unpaved access road, a bridge over the tracks could create a short walking/biking loop and eliminate the need for pedestrians and bicyclists to use the existing at-grade railroad crossing on Frost Bridge Road for those wishing to walk or bike closer to the river. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 13 9. Brownfields and Environmental Constraints Land use within Watertown’s greenway corridor is a sparsely-developed rural area of undeveloped forestland, primarily dedicated to transportation and utility corridors. There is one small factory currently located south of Frost Bridge Road and a proposal for a new bus maintenance garage and material processing facility to the north of Frost Bridge Road . Former use of this area has likely brought some level of environmental challenges. Historically , development along the Naugatuck in Watertown frequently included use of urban fill materials (e.g., br ick, block and asphalt within a soil and ash matrix). Due to the presence of ash and asph alt within the urban fill, it is common to find pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarb ons (compounds commonly found in petroleum and combustion by-products) within urban fill materials. Th ese concerns will likely complicate the acquisition of parcels for greenway development. As definitive designs for the various greenway segments are developed, the designer should identify parcels with known or potential historic releases of contaminants. This will allow trail designs to incorporate appropriate mitigation measures. A first order assessment of potential contamination can be made by reviewing the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection’s (CTD EP) “List of Contaminated or Potentially Contaminated Sites in Connecticut” and “List of Sig nificant Environmental Hazards Reported to the DEP.” As of September 2009 and February 2010, respectively, no sites along the greenway corridor in Watertown were listed by the CTDEP as contaminated . However, these lists are not exhaustive and only provide information about sites that the CTDEP is aw are of. If warranted, a more detailed evaluation in the form of a Phase I/II Environmental Site Assessment may need to be undertaken. Constructing portions of the greenway may require disturbing polluted soil. In these cases, special consideration should be given to the following: o Soil disposal: If excess soil is generated during the cons truction of the trail, it may require special handling and disposal due to the presen ce of pollutants. We recommend that the trail be designed in a manner to reduce the amount of excess soil generated during the project to mitigate the potential for excessive costs associated with polluted soil disposal. o Potential for exposure: Although the greenway may be paved, thereby mitigating the potential for users to come into contact with pollutants directly beneath the trail, soil located along the shoulders of the trail could provide a potential exposure pathway. Surficial soil quality testing may reveal these conditions and permit the desi gner to incorporate mitigating measures (e.g., separation fabrics, clean fill, etc.). In less developed areas, environmental constraints re late less to mitigating man-made contamination and more to protecting and managing natural resources. Sensitive resources include: wetlands, flood plains, endangered or threatened species habitat, steep sl opes or erosive soils and archeological resources. In these resource areas, a special effort should be ma de to maintain and/or re-establish riparian buffers adjacent to the river or wetlands. These buffers help protect water quality, lower water temperatures and provide wildlife corridors. Where the greenway is propos ed to cross an area identified as a potential endangered or threatened species habitat, a review by the CTDEP should be sought early in the design process. The CTDEP will advise the municipality on a ppropriate measures to protect the critical habitat. If the CTDEP determines that the proposed project is lik ely to impact a listed threatened or endangered species, or significant natural communities, departme nt staff will provide recommendations to avoid or minimize impacts to these species and habitats. The CTDEP permit analysts reviewing the project environmental permit applications will consider these recommendations during their review and typically incorporate appropriate conditions as part of the permit. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 14 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Where appropriate, municipalities are encouraged to work with their design professionals to incorporate low-impact design (LID) principles into the greenway. LID allows for more natural stormwater drainage patterns and promotes groundwater recharge. It help s to decrease the adverse effects of development upon our water resources. Common LID measures in clude permeable pavement, rain gardens, bio- filtration swales, etc. These measures may not be a ppropriate, however, in areas where underlying soils are polluted. In Watertown, a key environmental constraint will be the traversing of a potential endangered species habitat area. Portions of the trail are also likely to lie within the designated floodplain. The primary site of concern for contamination is the former drive-in thea ter site along Frost Bridge Road where construction debris and oil tanks were illegally dumped. No determin ation of contamination was made by the town or the CTDEP. 10. Safety and Security Trail safety is a major concern of both trail users and those whose property is adja cent to a greenway trail. Emergency vehicles access to the NRG is paramoun t and the alignment and access point locations were planned with this in mind. The Town of Watertown should plan for regular security patrols for the section of the trail within its jurisdiction and devel op an emergency response plan for police, fire and ambulance service. Creating a safe trail environment goes beyond design and law enforcement, however and should involve the entire community. The most eff ective and most visible deterrent to illegal activity on the NRG will be the presence of legitimate trail users . Getting as many “eyes on the trail” as possible is the most effective deterrent to undesirable acti vity. There are several components to accomplish this: Provide good access to the trail Access ranges from providing conveniently-located trailheads along the Greenway, to encouraging the development of sidewalks and bike facilities along pu blic roadways that connect to, or intersect, the NRG. Access points should be inviting and signed to welcome the public onto the trail. The reality in Watertown is that direct access to the NRG will be inter mittent with parking areas or trailheads located at the Thomaston Town Line and at Frost Bridge Road, a gap of approximately two miles. Good visibility from adjacent neighbors Although their numbers are limited, neighbors adjacen t to the trail can potentially provide 24-hour surveillance of the trail and can become an ally to Watertown’s police department. Though some screening and setback of the trail may be needed fo r privacy of adjacent neighbors, complete blocking out of the trail from view of adjacent businesses should be discouraged. This eliminates the potential of neighbors’ “eyes on the trail,” and could result in a tunnel effect along the trail. High level of maintenance A well maintained trail sends a message that the co mmunity cares about the public space. This message alone will discourage undesirable activity along the trail. Programmed events Community events along the NRG will help increase pu blic awareness and thereby attract more people to use the trail. Various civic organizations can help orga nize public events along the trail which will increase support. Events might include a day- long trail cleanup or a series of short interpretive walks led by knowledgeable residents or a naturalist. These even ts could be coordinated with Connecticut Forest and Park Trail Manager for the adjacent Jeri cho and Mattatuck Blue-Blazed Trails. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 15 Community projects The support generated for the NRG could be further ca pitalized by involving neighbors and friends of the trail in a community project. Ideas for community projects include volunteer planting events, art projects and interpretive research projects. These co mmunity projects create a sense of ownership along the greenway and serve as a deterrent to undesirable activity along the trail. Adopt-a-Trail Program Nearby businesses, community institutions and re sidential neighbors often see the benefit of their involvement in trail development and maintenance. Businesses and developers may view the trail as an integral piece of their site planning and may be willing to take on some level of responsibility for the trail as well. Creation of an adopt-a-trail program should be explored to capitalize on this opportunity and build civic pride in the greenway. 11. Permitting Issues The construction of the greenway along the Naugatuck River will require permits from various agencies. A brief description of each anticipated permit is provided below. It should be noted that each permit may not be required for each individual section of the greenway trail. Municipal Inland Wetlands and Watercours es Permit for Regulated Activities Basis: Delegated authority from the State based on Connecticut General Statutes. Threshold: Any regulated activity within a State re gulated wetland or upland review area. Can also be required if the activity is in an upland area, drains to a regulated wetland area and/or is deemed to have a potential impact on the wetland. Process: Application must be made to th e Municipality and most include a Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Repo rting Form. At the first meeting after application is received, it is formally accep ted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statutes. If the proposed activity is deemed to be a potentially significant activity, then a public hearing must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. If the activity is foun d to have no significant impact, then the Commission may hold a public hearing, if it is found to be in the public good, or may render a decision without holding a hearing. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, depending on whether a public hearing is required. Application must be submitted prior to or concurrent with the Planning and Zoning Permit, if required. Municipal Planning and Zoning or Municipal Zoning Department Permit (S ite Plan Approval) Basis: Local authority granted under Connecticut General Statutes, but based on local bylaws and regulations. Threshold: Any significant earthwork or work requ iring a building permit. A Zoning permit may not be required for basic greenway trail projects. This should be discussed with each municipality’s Planning and Zoning staff once the corridor and proposed construction methods are sufficiently defined. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 16 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Process: Application is made to the Municipality. At the first meeting after the application is received, it is formally accepted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues and local bylaws. Certain activities require a special permit which requires a public hearing and must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. Also, the Commission cannot make a decision until the Inland Wetlands Commission has made a decision. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Plans must normally be approximately 70% construction document level in order to contain sufficient information to gain approvals. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, following submission, depending on whether a public hearing is required. The permit application cannot be submitted prior to the application for Inland Wetlands, although they can be submitted on the same day. FEMA Floodplain Development and Condi tional Letter of Map Revision Basis: Federal law with some review authority delegated to the municipality. Threshold: Any earthwork or construction within a designated flood plain; work over , or in a designated floodway. Process: A floodplain permit is required before construction begins within any Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), or any flood-prone area s if no SFHA has been defined. Permits are required to ensure that the proposed development project meets the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the community’s floodplain management ordinance. In Connecticut, this review is usua lly performed by the Planning and Zoning or Wetlands Commissions. Generally, passive recreation, such as bicycle and pedestrian trails, are allowed as permitted use in flood-prone areas. However, if the proposed construction affects the elevation or horizontal spread of flood waters, the applicant may need to apply for a Conditional Letter of Map Change (CLOMR). Application is made to FEMA with the concurrence of the municipality. The application must demonstrate that the water surface elevation will not increase by more than one foot (cumulatively with other developments) in the flood plain or by any amount in the regulatory floodway through use of hydraulic modeling software. It should be noted that some municipalities have floodplain-management regulation more restrictive than these requirements. Following construction, an application must be made for a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) depicting actual “as-built” conditions and modeling demonstrating that the data presented in the application is valid. Time Line: Normally takes twelve to eighteen months for CLOMR. Connecticut Flood Manageme nt Certification (FMC) Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: All State of Connecticut actions in or affecting floodplains or natural or man-made storm drainage facilities, including projects undertak en by municipalities with funding provided by the State. Process: Application is made to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). Upon receipt of a request for CT DEP approval of a state agency’s flood management certification, the application is a ssigned to a project manager and is reviewed for sufficiency. If the application is sufficient, a detailed technical review is initiated. These reviews consist of an evaluation of the technical documentation provided in the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 17 application as well as an independent a ssessment of the site and of the project’s consistency with the flood manage ment standards and criteria. Time Line: Normally processed within three months. If other CTDEP approvals are required, the FMC will be processed concurrently with the other applications. Stream Channel Encroachment Permit Basis: State regulation of specific stream cha nnels as defined by Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Any earthwork within the stream channel encroachment line. Process: Application is made to the CTDEP. App lication must include hydrologic analysis proving that activity does not negatively impact flood water or impede flow within the channel. Time Line: Normally takes six to twelve mo nths depending upon the nature of the proposed construction. Connecticut Department of Environmental Prot ection General Permit for the Discharge of Stormwater and Dewatering Wastewater from Construction Activities Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Compliance with the General Permit is required for all projects that disturb one or more acres of total land area. Projects with five or more total acres of disturbance, regardless of phase must also file a registration with th e CTDEP. Projects exceeding 10 acres of total disturbance must obtain an approval of registration, including a detaile d review of the required Stormwater Pollution Control Plan. Process: Application is made to the CTDEP. Time Line: Must be submitted at least sixty days prior to the start of construction. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) Permit Basis: Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Threshold: There are three categories of ACOE permits based on the total area of disturbance of federally regulated wetlands. The federal de finition of wetland is different from the Connecticut definition. Although the limits of both federal and state wetland tend to be the same, there are sometimes differences. ACOE jurisdiction is triggered by any fill-in, or secondary impact to, a federally regulated wetl and. If the ACOE has jurisdiction, then the category of permit is decided based on the to tal direct and secondary impacts to wetlands. Direct impacts include earthwork operations. Secondary impacts can include changes in drainage patterns or groundwater hydrology, cl earing/cutting of vegetation, or alteration of shade patterns. Category I General Permit (less than 5,000 square feet of disturbance) Category II Programmatic General Permit (PGP) ( 5,000 square feet to 1 acre of disturbance) Category III Individual Permit (one acre, or more, of disturbance) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 18 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Process: For Category I, there is no application required. For Category II and II I permits, application is made to the ACOE. Review is conducted jointly by the ACOE and the Connecticut DEP (see CT 401 Water Quality Permit). Additional review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and other federal agencies is conducted for Category II and III permits. Category II permits can be changed to Categor y III if requested by reviewing agencies based on potential impacts of the wetlands or wildlife habitat. Time Line: Category II permits normally take six to nine months depending on complexity, quality/function of wetlands, and surrounding ha bitats. Category III can take one year or more. Category II and III permits cannot be granted until the CT DEP issues a 401 Water Quality Permit. Connecticut Section 401 Wa ter Quality Certification Basis: Federal authority, under the Clean Water s Act, delegated to the State of Connecticut. Threshold: Category II or III ACOE Perm it, or any State of Connecticut Project. Process: Application to the ACOE is jointly reviewed by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). The CTDEP often requires additional information to be submitted which is not required by the ACOE. Time Line: Normally takes four to six months. Th is certification must be granted before the ACOE can issue a Category II or III permit. 12. Coordination with Other Studies Along with the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Rout ing Study, other relevant studies have recently been completed or are occurring concurrently. In some cases, some of these studies have had an impact on the routing decisions for the NRG and recommendations from this Study have led to proposal alterations to the other studies. The other studies include:  The Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenw ay Routing and Feasibility Study recommends a hybrid greenway alignment through the city that ut ilizes public and private property along the east and west banks of the river, numerous bridges, and a handful of roadway corridors to link difficult-to-bridge gaps along the river. The St udy includes numerous loops and spur connections to important nearby destinations, as well as natu re trails that run adjacent to the wider, paved greenway trail. At the north end, the Waterbury Greenway is proposed to terminate at the City Line adjacent to Thomaston Avenue with a long -term recommendation for a new bridge to span the river at this location, connecting with the trail running north to Watertown.  The Connecticut Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Plan was updated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation in 2009. The effort includes a state-wide plan and detailed map that illustrates the state’s policies, ex isting facilities and future needs for safe and efficient travel by bike or by foot. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 19 13. Community Input The Council of Governments of the Central Naugat uck Valley (COGCNV) hosted two pairs of public workshops for the Naugatuck River Greenway Routing St udy. A workshop was held in each of the four greenway study municipalities. The first public workshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges al ong the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while the next night, discussion fo cused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston. The second of the two pair s of public workshops were held on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of these meetings was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they would like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, the four community meetings, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided the COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a result. One attendee even suggested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps were also posted on the project website. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the workshops, via e-mail and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of work shops in the Republican American and other town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. Subsequent to the community meetings, members of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail conn ections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to the COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A final public meeting was held on September 14, 2010 at the COGCNV’s offices in Waterbury. The completed draft study was presented to the Regional Planning Commission and members of the public in attendance. Members of the public and RPC commissions voiced support for the greenway study. One member of the public emphasized the importance of designing the greenway to not take away from the beauty of the Naugatuck River. Phil Goff from Alta Planning + Design addresses greenway workshop attendees in Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 20 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 14. Opportunities and Challenges Part of the community and stakeholder meetings, field work and analysis during the easy stages of this Study included the documentation and analysis of existing opportunities and challenges to the development of a greenway trail within the Naugatuck River corridor in Watertown. This analysis is shown in the diagrammatic map, Figure 3, on the following page. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 21 Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges for Potential Greenway Route in Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 22 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 15. Recommended Greenway Routing See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 23 Figure 4: Recommended Gr eenway Routing Concept in Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 24 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Figure 5: Trail cross-section north of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) showing the greenway trail’s relationship to the Naugatuck River, the Naugatuck Railroad and Route 8. The recommended Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) tr ail within the Town of Watertown will run for 2.9 miles and consist primarily of a multi-use path th at runs in between Route 8 and the rail line adjacent to the west bank of the Naugatuck Ri ver. In some locations, the trail alignment is relatively close to the tracks—separated by a buffer of 25’—whereas in others locations, it is separated from the rail line by a wider vegetated buffer. The stretch of greenway b etween the Thomaston Town Line at Branch Brook and Frost Bridge Road is a two-mile stretch of pathway unbroken by cross streets or roads and runs through a very scenic section of the Naugatuck River Valley. This stretch will be isolated and there may be a need for emergency vehicle access, which could serve both the trail and Route 8 northbound. From Frost Bridge Road to the Waterbury line, the trail will run alongside the rail line with occasional sections affording closer access and views to the river. A new pedestrian/bike bridge will connect the trail on the west bank to the northern terminus of Waterbury’s por tion of the Naugatuck River Greenway just south of the intersection of Thomaston Avenue and Spru ce Brook Road. A less desirable, but possible, alternative is to cross Frost Bridge and to run the trail along the west edge of Waterbury Road to the Town Line. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment The NRG alignment will connect from Thomaston ov er a new trail bridge over Branch Brook, the official Town Line. At this location, a trailhead kiosk will orient visitors with maps and other local historical and cultural information. A composting toilet or port-o-potty should be considered at this location as well. This portion of trail is likely to be somewhat narrow as it passes through a relatively dense forested area that is part of the Mattatuck trail, a Blue-Blazed hiking trail managed by Connecticut Forest and Park Association volunteers. Drivers wishing to enter the NRG at the north end of Watertown will have the opportunity to park at a recommended parking lot for up to 25 cars at the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 25 Figure 6: Greenway trail intersection with Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and the Naugatuck Railroad. Improvements include: a greenway-user activated traffic signal and railroad crossing warning lights, signage and gates. Thomaston Sewer Plant. From there, walkers and cyclists will access the greenway using the historic trolley line bridge at the south end of the Sewer Plant. The York Road/Old Trolley Bridge connection can also serve as the main greenway route in the event that the proposed new bridge over Branch Brook along the Mattauck Trail is not able to be funded or permitted. Continuing south from Branch Brook, the alignment will connect with an existing, unpaved access road that runs for nearly two miles to Frost Bridge Road, in between Route 8 and the river. Along one short stretch, the access road/greenway trail will run within the grassy shoulder area of the state highway to avoid pinch points and steep slopes between the right-of-way and the river. In this area, a security fence will keep trail users from wandering too close to the high way. Formalizing a trail in these areas will displace illegal ATV use of the existing unpaved access road . To discourage trail use by ATVs and other motorized vehicles, signs and bollards will be needed at all trailheads. Neither are a panacea however and enforcement will be needed as well to ensure th at only non-motorized users will enjoy the NRG. Approximately a mile south of the Town Line, the active rail line that runs on the east bank of the Naugatuck crosses to the west and remains in Watertown until it crosses back to the east bank near the Waterbury Industrial Commons site in Waterbury. The existing rail trestle bridge between Watertown and Thomaston has been used illegally as a pedestrian crossing of the river. While rail traffic is quite low, crossing on the rail trestle is extremely dangerous and should be discouraged. In the long term, however, the plan recommends a companion bridge adjacent or attached to the existing trestle. This will eventually provide access to the NRG trail from a small parking area on the east bank off Waterbury Road in Thomaston. At this location, there is a bend in the river, creating a beautiful spot that could provide fishing and river access on both riverbanks. On the west bank, a narrower nature trail is planned to split off from the main greenway route, pass under the existing trestle and run along the west river bank for a few hundred feet. The spur will dead-end at a spit of land at the south end of a large dredging hole, downriver from the rail trestle. A picnic area and access to a fishing hole could be located here. The new bridge over Branch Brook could look similar to some of the rustic examples in Central Park. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 26 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut South of the rail trestle, the NRG trail will run between the rail line and Route 8 at a grade that is 8’-12’ higher than the rail line, but considerably lower than Route 8. Along with the natural buffer of trees, this creates a significant separation between the trail and the railroad tracks. As it approaches the former drive-in movie theater site on Frost Bridge Road, the access road/future trail returns to the same grade as the railroad tracks and rows of trees and mature shrubs no longer separate the two. Although rail traffic is light along the corridor—primarily Naugatuck Railroa d trains operated by the Railroad Museum of New England—in locations such as this, a security fen ce is recommended to discourage access on to the tracks. The Greenway Routing Concept map on page 23 (Figure 4) includes the proposed trail segment that is anticipated to come in c onjunction with the redevelopment of th e old drive-in site. A new trail will run immediately adjacent to the river along the edge of a future processing facility and CT Transit Waterbury Division’s bus maintenance garage. To form a walking and biking loop in this area, a new bridge over the tracks at the north end of the rede velopment parcel is recommended in the long term. Parking for trail users and other am enities (restrooms and water fountain) could be provided at the CT Transit garage. At Frost Bridge Road, the trail crosses both the road an d the existing rail line. To facilitate safe crossing of the busy roadway, a new push-button traffic signal is recommended (in conjunction with the CTDOT). In addition, the railroad crossing gate arm (al ong with signs warning trail users that the rail line remains active) should include an extension that prohibits trail users from crossi ng into the rail right-of- way when in use. At this location, a highly-visible crosswalk will also be striped and removable bollards will keep automobiles off of the trail, but allow access for emergency vehicles. As shown in the photo- simulation on the previous page (Figure 6), a small new embankment is needed to provide space for the trail adjacent to an existing culvert below the tracks. Heading south, the NRG trail runs for a few hundred feet alongside the east edge of the rail line and is separated by a 25’ buffer and a security fence. To accommodate the 25’ spatial buffer, an easement through the adjacent industrial property to the east will be needed. Where possible, the trail splits off Figure 7: Trail cross-section south of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and potential new park space along the west bank of the Naugatuck River. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 27 from the rail corridor and will run through the lower-lying area east of the tracks, a potential new Watertown park. This section of trail will need to be designed to accommodate occasional flooding, preferably a porous material such as stone dust or st abilized aggregate. Where the river curves west and comes close to the tracks, the tra il will again need to utilize the state-owned railroad corridor. Opposite Spruce Brook Road on the east bank, the trail will turn to the east and cross the river on a new bridge. The bridge takes advantage of a rocky outcropping on the east bank—used for abutments—that juts out into the water enough to make for a modest pinch point in the river, requiring a shorter span for the new bridge. The new bridge will connect the Watertown portion of the trail to the planned northern endpoint for the Waterbury Greenway, a location anticipated to include a trailhead and a small number of parking stalls. On the opposite side of Waterbury Road/Thom aston Avenue, a soft-surface trail will connect to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s Hancock Brook Lake area in Plymouth . Figure 8: Potential greenway bridge between Watertown and Waterbury utilizing a rock y outcropping at the bend in the river adjacent to the intersec tion of Thomaston Avenue and Spruce Brook Road (not seen at right). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 28 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut B. Greenway Trail Alignment Options South of Frost Bridge Road, an alignment along the east bank is possible as an alternative to using the west bank. This stretch of Waterbury Road in Thomast on has a significant shoulder on the river side that could be utilized for the greenway trail. In most places , a flat shelf of land adjacent to the shoulder could incorporate a portion of a 10’ trail se gment. A crash barrier will be needed to separate the trail from the roadway. Along an approximate 200’ stretch, significant regrading of the river bank or a trestle section of trail may be required because of a narrower shoulder and steep slope down to the river. The primary benefit of the east-bank option along Waterbury Road is that it avoids the need for a new bridge. Despite this, the trail is recommended to remain on the Watertown side of the river south of Frost Bridge Road. This alignment affords a more aesthetically-pleasing experience for trail users because of the greater distance from a busy roadway and the opportunity to include significant stretches within a park-like setting. A new three- to four-acre park could be established along the trail and would likely be passive in character include riparian areas, meadows, secondary walking paths and seating. C. Greenway Trail Characteristics The ultimate goal of the NRG is to provide a cont inuous pathway that is accessible to pedestrians, cyclists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other accessibility devices. In limited areas, access to equestrians is anticipated as well. The dawn-to-dusk pathway will be designed for use as both a transportation corridor (commuting, errands, etc.) and for recreational purposes. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a 5-10’ landscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a 3’-wide grassy shoulder. This Study recommends the accommodation of all of these users for the maximum length of the trail as practicable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the short term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring significant engineering solutions should be designed to accommodate all users in a safe and comfortable environment. In some sections, “single track” natural trail surfaces for hiking, mountain biking and/or equestrian use may be the best available options. Water trail or ‘blueway’ options are also an important consideration so the Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe or kayak. A paddlecraft boat launch and take-out area is recommended for a location along the greenway trail spur that runs along the edge of the CT Transit bus maintenance facility site. The recommended parking lot nearby will provide convenient access to the boat launch. View north along Waterbury Road toward Frost Bridge Road. Portions of the NRG that incorporate the Mattatuck Trail may look like this stone dust trail in Keene, New Hampshire. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 29 In addition, a planned boat launch in Waterbury at the Watertown line will provide convenient access for some Watertown residents. Within Watertown, most of the greenway is intended to be a 10’ wide, shared-use path made of either asphalt or a semi-permeable surface such as stone dust or stabilized aggregate (aggregate material wi th a resin binder). A semi- permeable surface will reduce storm-water runoff and may be more appropriate where the trail runs close to the edge of the Naugatuck River. In some constrained areas—such as the section within the Mattatuck State Forest—an 8’ wide, semi-permeable trail may be more appropriate. Two- foot-wide soft-surface shoulders of dirt or grass will flank the trail in the typical paved condition. If conditions permit, a four-to-six foot shoulder should be considered on one side of the trail to facilitate equestrians and runners looking for a more comfortable surface. D. Access Points and Amenities Within the Watertown portion of the NRG trail, one greenway parking area for up to 25 cars is planned along Frost Bridge Road and should be incorporated into the CT Transit bus maintenance garage facility at the old drive-in theater site. Easily accessibl e from Route 8 and Route 262, the parking area and trailhead will also include a small boat launch for ca noes and kayaks. The riverfront trail loop will also provide fishing access to a deep dredge hole just north of the former drive-in site. This will be the primary trailhead for Watertown residents accessing th e greenway by car. To encourage non-motorized access to this trailhead, on-street bike improvements—wider shoulder, bike lanes and/or signage—are recommended along Route 262 and furthe r west on Echo Lake Road to encourage bicycling to the trailhead. Additionally, a long-term trail connection is recommended along the powerline easement that runs through portions of the Mattatuck State Fore st from Frost Bridge Road to Veteran’s Memorial Park (see Figure 4, Recommended Greenway Routing Concept Map). The other planned parking areas and trailheads are immediately adjacent but just outside Watertown. These include trailheads and parking at the Thomaston Sewer Plant in Thomaston, near the City Limits Café at the Spruce Brook Road and Thomaston Avenue in Waterbury, and at the small pull-off from Waterbury Road near the rail trestle that crosses the river in Thomaston. This latter parking area at the north end of the rail trestle will be relevant only af ter the long-term bridge connection adjacent to the trestle is built and provides safe greenway access ac ross the river from the parking area/trailhead to the greenway on the west bank. Until this occurs, signs warn ing people of the dangers of attempting to cross the trestle should be prominently displayed. All parking lots and trailheads will include kiosks that feature maps, safety information, dog waste bag dispense rs and environmental and historical interpretive materials. Other trail-related amenities in Watertown will be determined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms and water foun tains are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. A rest station is Equestrians along the Airline Trail in Eastern Connecticut. ( Photo: Clare Haney via Flick r) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 30 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut proposed adjacent to the parking area at the redevelopment site along Frost Bridge Road, adjacent to the river. It could be incorporated as part of the CT Transit bus maintenance garage. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs enhance the tr ail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns and other educational information. Public health can be integ rated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Pedestrian-scale Lighting Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety at key inter sections along the NRG route and at trailheads. In Watertown, the trail crossing at Frost Bridge Road and the adjacent parking area, rest station and trailhead should have a modest level of lighting for safety reasons. Ligh ting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibly emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists should be commissioned to provide art fo r the trail system, making the trail unique to the community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. In Watertown, public art should be considered at the primary parking lot/trailhead/boat launch area along Frost Bridge Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 31 16. Use of the Rail Corridor Throughout discrete portions of the 22-mile Naugat uck River Greenway (NRG), the recommended trail route runs within the state-owned, active rail co rridor. In Watertown, the tracks are used by the Naugatuck Railroad, which is operated by the Ra ilroad Museum of New England. The Naugatuck Railroad leases the railroad between Torrington and Water bury from the state and runs tourist and freight service on the line. This service is run by volunteers from with the Rai lroad Museum of New England. The NRG trail in Watertown will run within the rail corridor for intermittent stretches from Frost Bridge Road to the proposed river crossing (see Figure 9 below). Figure 9: Rail with Trail Alignment Diagram. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 32 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Because of the use patterns of the rail line adjacent to the river, the NRG’s alignment will need to be carefully designed so as not to disrupt train servi ce. Early on in the planning process, members of the project team met with rail operations officials from the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) in New Haven to better understand their needs for the corridor. According to the CTDOT, the agency is open to considering having a greenway tr ail as long as operations are not disrupted and the following conditions are met:  A 25’ setback/buffer from the centerline of the tracks to the edge of the trail.  Unencumbered access for service and emergency vehicles.  A security fence with intermittent gates for maintenance access.  Any maintenance of the railroad corridor should be coordinated with futu re greenway construction for maximum efficiency of time and funding. The project team met with member s of the Railroad Museum of New England (RMNE), the operator of the Naugatuck Railroad. The Executive Director of the RMNE also submitted written comments. The RMNE is a strong supporter of the NRG Greenway and endorses the planning efforts. They understand that there is a potential synergy b etween the trail and the museum and that some visitors to the RMNE may arrive by foot or bike after the NRG is built. Additionally, it is hoped that some greenway users may use the Naugatuck Railroad as a shuttle service and take the train one way and walk or bike back to their original destination. The RMNE expressed strong concerns regarding safety of pedestrians and bicyclists around active railroads and at grade crossings. The RMNE also fo und a routing proposal to move an existing railroad siding at the museum to allow for a greenway trail east of the railroad just north of the East Main Street Bridge incompatible with the RMNE’s future explanation plans. Furthermore, the RMNE expressed the need for access to portions of the NRG adjacent to the rail line for railroad maintenance and to clear obstructions such as fallen trees that may result from a storm or other damage. Many of the CTDOT and the RMNE’s conditions are consistent with research conducted for the U.S. DOT’s Rail-with-Trails: Lessons Learned document by Alta Planning + Design (see: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ environment/rectrails/rwt/toc.htm ). This document showed that well- designed rail-with-trail projects typically meet the operational needs of railroads. In some locations, the setback/buffer can be as low as 10’ in constrained areas within ra il corridors that have a low frequency and low-speed train service. Regardless of setback distance, some recommended NRG rail-with-trail portions in Watertown may not fit neatly on to the existing rail bed used by maintenance vehicles. In some cases, achieving the 25’ setback may require the cutting of adjacent trees, re-grading of a portion of the bed and, in some cases, potentially building small retaining walls to accommodate the additional width. In extreme pinch points, the bare minimum setback will need to be at least 12’ to accommodate maintenance vehicles and other machinery. Greenway trail in Portland, Oregon that runs within 10-15’ of the centerline of the ad jacent active rail line. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 33 It is also important to recognize, according to the U.S. DOT’s report, that the rail-with-trail portions of the greenway can provide benefits to the rail-corridor owner and operator. This includes providing them with a new, well-maintained service corridor adjacent to the tracks (in the form of a greenway trail), and a reduction of illegal track crossings, dumping and trespa ssing by ATV’s, dirt bikes and those on foot. In addition, towns and cities have seen benefits with increased adjacent property values and enhanced access to the rail corridor by law enforcement and emergency vehicles. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 34 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits Two separate, but related, questions must be answered in order to develop a recommended sequence of greenway construction. What are the limits of each individual construction phase? What is the best sequence in which to complete these sections? Secti on limits were determined with an eye toward the following characteristics:  Connectivity – Individual phases should be useful as stand-alone projects and connect to existing public rights-of-way adjacent to residential neighborhoods or an employment area.  Funding Availability – The complete greenway program should be broken into reasonably-sized projects likely to attract funding.  Logical Termini – Since several years may pass between the completion of one section and the beginning of the next, each section should have a logical terminus, such as at an existing public road or park.  Momentum Building – Greenway sections likely to generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm in the community should be built first.  Consistency of Character – Areas in which the character remains consistent from one end to the other. Using these criteria as a guide, recommended section limits for the Naugatuck River Greenway in Watertown were created and shown in Figure 10.   Section Description Length (miles) W ‐1  Thomaston Line  to  Frost  Bridge  Road   2.7  W‐2  Frost  Bridge  Road  to  Waterbury  Line  0.7  TOTAL  LENGTH     3.4  Figure 10: Watertown Greenway Sections. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 35 18. Trail Section Prioritization Whenever possible, greenway facilities should be deve loped as single construction projects or using as few phases as possible. This allows project proponent s—elected officials, business interests, community groups, etc.—to realize significant cost savings by pe rforming the design, permitting and construction administration more efficiently. However, it is qui te likely that financial constraints will require the various sections of the Naugatuck River Greenway to be completed in several phases. For Watertown, a recommended phasing plan was created by weighing seve n criteria (relative weighting of each criterion shown in parentheses) with the prioritiza tion matrix shown in Table 1 at bottom: 1. Connectivity (25%) – Does the phase connect to existing portions of the greenway, destinations, or amenities? 2. Permitting Requirements (15%) – W ill the phase be easy to permit? 3. Construction Cost (10%) – Will the pha se be economical to construct? 4. Ease of Construction (10%) – Will the phase cr eate fewer disturbances to the community? 5. Private Property Impacts (15%) – Does the phase avoid private property or adversely impacting adjacent property owners? 6. Momentum Building (15%) – Will the phase gene rate excitement and enthusiasm within the community for the overall greenway? 7. Cultural Benefits (10%) – Are there natural, historical, environmental, recreational, or educational resources that will be accessed or protected by the phase? Criteria % of Evaluation Scoring W-1 W-2 Connectivity Prioritize phases that will build the greatest connectivity 25%Connects to at least two existing or funded greenway facilities: 25 Connects to one existing or funded greenway facility or downtown area: 10-15 Long-term link needed to build regional network: 010 15 Permitting Requirements Favor phases that involve fewer regulatory hurdles 15n be constructed with only Local Approval: 15 Requires only “General Permits” at the state or federal level: 10 Extensive individual state and federal permits required: 0 10 10 Construction Cost Prefer phases with a lower cost per linear foot of completed trail 10%Per Linear Foot cost less than $150: 10 Per Linear Foot cost is between $150 and $250: 5 Per Linear Foot cost exceeds $250: 0 10 5 Ease of Construction Select phases with less disturbance to local community over more invasive projects 10n be built with little or no inconvenience to the community: 10 Construction will create only minor inconvenience: 5 Construction will entail significant inconvenience or temporary closure of road/rails: 0 10 5 Property Impacts Favor projects that require fewer Rights-of-Way on private property 15%Phase entails no impacts to private landowners: 15 Phase requires easements or acquisition across 1-3 private properties: 10 Phase requires easements or acquisition across >3 private properties: 015 10 Momentum Building Prioritize phases that will generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm within the community 15%Completion is likely to create significant enthusiasm within the community: 15 Completion is likely to create some enthusiasm within the community: 10 Phase serves will serve most users only after adjacent connections are made: 015 15 Cultural Benefits Select phases that provide greater access to natural, historical, recreational, archeological or educational resources 10% This section contains significant cultural resources: 10 This section contains some cultural resources: 5 This section contains few cultural resources: 0 55 Total Score 100% 75 65   Table 1: Watertown Trail Section Prioritization Matrix. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 36 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 19. Cost Estimate Right-of-Way Acquisition Costs Payments to owners for the easements and parcels required to construct the greenway vary widely depending up existing land use, size and utility of the portion of a parcel acquired, development potential of the area, and a host of other factors. Based u pon recent greenway projects within Connecticut, these costs may range between $40,000 and $100,000 per pa rcel. In addition to the payments to property owners, the services of a licensed surveyor will be n eeded during the ROW process. The survey firm will perform boundary surveys and prepare easement maps that must be recorded in the town’s land records. These services typically cost $3,000 to $5,000 per ea sement. Note: this range assumes that easement maps are prepared after sur vey base maps of the proposed corridor are developed. Finally, legal services will be needed to perform the property transactions. A relative ly simple easement transaction will typically cost on the order of $1,500 per transaction if performed by outside counsel. Engineering Costs Engineering costs cover a variety of professional services, including:  Survey (including preparation of ea sement maps as described above)  Preliminary, Semi-Final and Final Design  Public Participation  Permitting (Local, State and Federal as required)  Preparation of Construction Documents  Bid Assistance  Construction Observation and Contract Administration Based upon similar project experience and the proposed greenway features, the engineering costs for the greenway are expected to be in the range of 8-12 % of the estimated construction cost. However, the actual cost of these services will vary widely depe nding on project phasing. To a large extent, the cost of permitting, preparing bid documents and administering the construction for a single phase is the same as the cost for the entire project. Similarly, survey and de sign are more cost effective if done at one time. For this reason, significant cost savings can be rea lized by developing the greenway as a single project. Construction Costs Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this report. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation).  Costs do not include property acquisition.  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g. replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about).  Standard construction methods and materials are used. These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines, dated January 2010. In keeping with the CTDOT’s cost estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic (4%), minor items (25%) and inci dentals (21%)). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Cost estimates can also be impacted when a local public Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 37 works department carries out the work. In these ca ses, some of the CTDOT’s estimated add-ons would not apply. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit prices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with other greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemented where necessary for atypic al items (e.g., pre-fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Since these preliminary estimates are based on a planning -level understanding of trail components, rather than a detailed design, they should be considered “order of magnitude” estimates. ASTM Standard E2620 defines order of magnitude as being accurate to within plus 50% or minus 30% of actual cost. This broad range of potential costs is appropriate given the level of uncertainty in the design at this point in the process. Many factors can affect final construction costs, including:  Revisions to the design as required by local, state and federal permitting agencies.  Additional requirements imposed by property owners as a condition of granting property rights (e.g., fencing, vegetated buffers, etc.).  Fluctuations in commodity prices during the design and permitting proces ses.  Selected construction materials.  Type, quality, and quantity of amenities (e.g. , benches, lighting, bike racks, etc.).  Extent of landscaping desired. As the project progresses through preliminary, semi-final, and final design phases, these uncertainties will begin to diminish. With each round of refinement, the range of expected construction costs will become more accurately known. 20. Community Phasing Plans The following table provides a description of phase limits, phase lengths, recommended construction priority, and estimated cost for each of the two gr eenway trail phases in Watertown. (The detailed cost estimation tables and location map are provided in Appendix C.) The table and appendix are also broken down into “Primary” and “Secondary” portions, i.e. tr ail elements that are necessary for the completion of the primary portion of the NRG trail vs. secondar y elements such as spurs, loops and streetscape improvements that are not integral to the full co mpletion of the trail within the town limits.   * These  secondary  items  are  highlighted  on  the  trail  segment  cost  estimate  table  on  the  second  page of   Appendix  C.    Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost W ‐1  Thomaston Line  to  Frost  Bridge  Road   2.7  1 $1,847,000  W‐2  Frost  Bridge  Road  to  Waterbury  Line  0.7  2  $917,000   Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary 3.4  $2,764,000     Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*       $1,970,000  Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 38 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut 21. Greenway Zoning Greenway/River Overlay Zoning A greenway/river overlay zone is a land use regulation established by a municipality for the purpose of protecting a linear corridor for recreational and conservation purposes. These zones have also demonstrated ancillary benefits such as spurring economic development, facilitating redevelopment of underutilized parcels, improving flood management an d water quality and preserving critical habitats. When incorporated into municipal zoning regulations, overlay zones modify the underlying zone’s bulk standards and uses. This tool ca n be used to encourage or dissuade various development scenarios. Relevant to greenway development, overlay zones may be used to:  Alter setback requirements.  Provide incentives in the form of higher developm ent density in exchange for public access to a greenway or river corridor.  Provide incentives for granting easements or providing related amenities for the greenway.  Stipulate landscaping requirements.  Require construction of greenway segments as a condition of site development. Excellent examples of the greenway overlay zoning that have served as model ordinances for communities across the nation include:  Portland, OR – http://www.portlandonline.com/bds/index.cfm?a=53351 (Chapter 33.440 of the Portland Zoning Regulations).  Davidson, NC – http://www.ci.davidson.nc.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1304 (Section 11 of the Town of Davidson Planning Ordinance). Riparian Habitat Zones A riparian habitat ordinance is narrowly focused on protecting the unique habitat present along stream channels and wetland areas. Unlike the Greenway and River Overlay zones described above, a riparian habitat zone does not contain sp ecific requirements for public acce ss or accommodation of a greenway and can be used in areas adjacent to the NRG or along tributaries of the Naugatuck River. Elements of effective riparian habitat ordinances include:  Defines a protected buffer.  Requires a written plan for the protection of the resource.  Requires approval of mitigation measures as a condition of project approval. An example riparian habitat ordinance from Napa, California can be found at the National Center for Appropriate Technology’s (NCAT) Smart Communities Network website: www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/codes/napaord.shtml . This site is a clearinghouse for sustainable development and energy conservation ideas. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 39 Complete Streets Complete streets are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users. 1 The State of Connecticut enacted Public Act 09-154 in June of 2009, “An A ct Improving Bicycle and Pedestrian Access”. This law requires transportation planners to accommodate all use rs as “a routine part of the planning, design construction and operating activities of all highways …” This change in focus from car-centric to user- centric planning helps create safer, healthier, gr eener and more livable communities. The law also mandates that at least 1% of highway funding be spent on pedestrian and bicycle facilitates. Many municipalities are choosing to formalize their commitment to include all users in the transportation planning process by adopting Complete Streets ordinances. Whereas the overlay zoning regulations described above focus on protecting undeveloped or underdeveloped corridors, Complete Streets ordinances focus on improving facilities within public rights-of- way. Several excellent examples of successful municipal ordinances can be found at www.completestreets.org/webdocs/policy/cs-chart-samplepolicy.pdf 22. Funding Sources Generally, greenways are funded through a combination of local, state, and federal sources. Many funding programs require a minimum local match (e.g., 80% federal funds, 20% local). In some instances, communities have successfully leveraged grant money from private foundations or state programs as a match for other funding sources. Land donations or town public works cre w’s labor may be counted as local match under some funding programs. Community leaders and elected officials from Watertown should pursue a variety of funding sources for land acquisition and greenway constr uction. Reliance on a single funding source can lead to a boom/bust cycle of construction as funding levels shift with the political winds. The following list gives overview of the major funding programs: Municipal Bonds Municipalities have access to the commercial financia l markets via bonds. Use of this funding mechanism is dependent upon strong community support in order to pass the required bond referendum. This is frequently used to obtain the required local ma tch for state and federal funding program. 1 National Complete Streets Coalition, “Complete Streets FAQ.” 2009.http://www.completestreets.org/complete-streets- fundamentals/complete-streets -faq/ (accessed May 19, 2010). An ideal complete streets policy  Includes a vision for the comm unity’s complete streets.  Defines ‘all users.’  Encourages street conne ctivity for all modes.  Is adoptable by all agencies to cover all roads.  Applies to both new and retrofit projects.  Makes exceptions specific and re quires approval of exceptions.  Directs the use of the latest and best design standards.  Complements the contex t of the community.  Establishes performance standard s with measurable outcomes.  Includes specific next steps for implementation of the policy. Adopted from National Complete Streets Coalition Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 40 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Greenway Trust Fund A strategy used by some communities is the creation of a trust fund for land acquisition and facility operation. These are typically administered by a n on-profit group or by a local greenway commission. These trusts can perform a variety of functions such as property acquisition, fund raising, volunteer organization, community outreach and advocacy. Money may be contributed to the trust fund from a variety of sources, including the municipal general funds, private grant s and gifts. Adopt-A-Trail Programs These programs are often administered by a local greenway commission and used to fund new construction, renovation, trail brochures, informati onal kiosks, and other amenities. These programs can also be extended to include sponsorship of trail segments for housekeeping needs. Federal Transportation Bill The Congress appropriates funding for federal trans portation projects every five years. The federal transportation bill has been the primary source for greenways construction money in recent years. Various funding programs within the legislation relate to greenway devel opment, including the High Priority Projects (commonly referred to as “earmarks”), Recreational Trails, and Safe Routes to Schools programs. These funds are administered throug h the Connecticut DOT and the Connecticut DEP. The current iteration of the federal Transportation Bill, the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) expired on September 30, 2009. Funding has been continued by continuing resoluti ons until the next federal transportation bill is approved. The next transportation bill is currently being developed by Congress. This presents an opportunity for municipalities to discuss greenway fund ing under the High Priority Projects program with their representatives in Congress. Recreational Trails Program These annual grants are available to government and non-profit agencies, for amounts ranging from $5,000 to $50,000 or more, for the building of trails . It is a reimbursement grant program (sponsor must fund 100% of the project up front) and requires a 20 % local match. These grants are authorized by the SAFETEA-LU (reauthorization in progress, see abov e), and in Connecticut they are administered by the Department of Environmental Protection. Design Arts Program The National Endowment for the Arts provides gran ts to states and local agencies, individuals and nonprofit organizations for projects that incorpora te urban design, historic preservation, planning, architecture, landscape architecture and other community improvement activities, including greenway development. Grants to organizations and agencies must be matched by a 50-percent local contribution. Agencies can receive up to $50,000. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 41 23. Next Steps The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study is just the first step in the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) in Watertown. The NR G will be a long-term, multi-phase project led by all of the municipalities in the corridor, in cooper ation with state and federal agencies. It will require the continued involvement of members of the public, elected officials at all levels of government and community groups in order to support and guide the implementation effort. The following ‘next steps’ are recommended in order to move the effort forward in a sustainable fashion:  Adopt the Study: The City of Waterbury has recently adopted its plan for the portion of the NRG that runs through the city. Watertown could do the same and amend their Plan of Conservation and Development to incorporate th e greenway alignment. The Town could also pursue endorsement of the Study by their Planning and Zoning Commission, Recreation Commission, Economic Development Co mmission and Conservation Commission.  Create the Right-of-Way : This will ensure that the proposed alignment for the trail is gradually assembled and made available for public access. This can be accomplished by using: o New zoning regulations to ensure that the greenway is accommodated into redevelopment proposals along the alignmen t (see Greenway Zoning section of the report for more detail). A greenway overlay dist rict, in particular, can be an effective tool for a municipality to require that tra il facilities are integrated into redevelopment projects. o Solicitations of easement or outright owne rship should also be considered when key privately-owned parcels are on the market. o Begin negotiations with public agencies to ensure that all necessary approvals and permits are completed in order to create an easement across public lands. This can be a lengthy process, especially in areas of environmental sensitivity or at brownfield sites. Due to the recommended changes in the Mattatuck State Forest, Con necticut DEP, in particular, will be a major stakehol der in the next round of design. Stretches of the NRG that permit access to equestrians will need to be considered by the Town as well.  Find Project “Champions” to Raise Awareness and Money : The Town should identify an individual, commission or committee to oversee subsequent steps in th e design, funding and implementation process for the greenway. (The involvement of the local business community and/or Chamber of Commerce will be cr itical as well.) This will ensure continuity of effort even as elected officials change. Fundraising, in particular, is an important component that should begin immediately. Ava ilable funding opportunities including: federal transportation funds, regional TIP (Transpor tation Improvement Program) funding (via COGCNV), economic stimulus/TIGER grants, nati onal recreational trails grants, and state open space grants should be pursued on an annual basis to ensure success (see Funding Sources section of the report for more detail).  Establish a Public-Private-Non-Profit Partnership : Establishment of a “Friends of the NRG” non-profit organization can be an effecti ve advocate for the project. In conjunction with the project “Champion”, this non-profit or ganization can coordinate volunteers, develop an ‘adopt-a-mile’ program and raise funds thro ugh the sale of trail elements including benches, bridges, trailheads, public art, bike racks and trees.  Find “Early Win” Projects : Support for continued action at the local level will grow out of small successes that move the project or in dividual pieces of the project forward. Neighborhood cleanups and ‘adoption’ of futu re trail sections can help build long-term Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 42 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut support. Frequent ribbon cuttings, festivals and events create long-term visibility for the project. Development of maps and other NRG pr omotional material will help to publicize the future trail and build excitement. Celebrating every opportunity, no matter how small, can be just as important as a major ribbon cutting for the finished project.  Negotiate with the CTDOT : Town planners and future design consultants will need to work closely with the Connecticut Department of Transportation to: o Ensure that the needs of the railroad corridor are met. In particular, coordination with the CTDOT on the federally-mandated Positive Train Control (PTC) to ensure that this plan does not preclude the greenway’s routing and incorporates the trail’s recommended alignment. o Coordinate with the Highway Division on the use of state highway rights of way. The NRG alignment utilizes a portion of the shoulder of Route 8 between exits 37 and 38 and the CTDOT will need assurance that greenway users will be prevented from accessing the highway. Additionally, bicycle im provements such as shoulder striping and signage are recommended on Route 262 and will require the agency’ s input. With these actions moving forward, the Naugatuck River Greenway will be a significant asset for the Watertown’s residents, businesses and visitors. The trail will enhance non-motorized transportation opportunities and bring a recreational amenity that rivals any within the state of Connecticut. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 43 Appendices Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 44 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Appendix A – Public Involvement Process A key component of the greenway routing study was engaging each of the four communities in the planning process and seeking their input on the identification of a feasible greenway route. Community involvement was important to the COGCNV and the consultant team’s efforts of seeking input on the identification of a feasible greenway routing. After a number of years of ina ctivity, the Regional Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway Committee (RNRGC) was reconvened to help steer the routing study. Repr esentatives on the RNRGC included officials from Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beac on Falls as well as representatives from state and federal agencies, such as the Connecticut DOT and DEP, National Parks Service and the Army Corps of Engineers. Staff members of two U.S. Re presentatives that represent the Naugatuck River Valley were also on the committee. The committee met every six to eight weeks and all meetings were open to the public. The RNRGC played an important role in guiding the direction of the routing study and in keeping municipalities, government agencies and U.S. Representatives informed about study progress. Supplementing the RNRGC input was a series of pub lic workshops. One workshop was held in each of the four study communities. The first two public wo rkshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while th e next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston. The second two public workshops were held on Marc h 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of the meeting was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they woul d like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, these four community workshops, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided the COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a re sult. One attendee even suggested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps and study reports were also posted on the project website which was established at the beginning of the process and maintained unt il the very end of the process. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the wo rkshops, via e-mail, and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of works hops in the Republican American and weekly town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. The second half of each workshop featured a sma ll-group exercise. Using large maps as references, community members were asked to discuss the following questions and mark up the maps with their suggestions, ideas and concerns. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 45 1. What are the key places/destinations that the Greenway trail should connect to? 2. Where are the critical gaps between th ese places and the Naugatuck River? 3. Where along the river are the best places for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc.? 4. What are your comments on the draft recommended routing? 5. Where along the proposed greenway are the best pl aces for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc.? Each meeting wrapped up after the smaller groups reported back to the entire group with their comments on local conditions as well as recommendations for potential routing options and the placement and nature of greenway amenities. Subsequent to the four community workshops, me mbers of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail connections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to the COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A meeting was also held with representatives of th e Railroad Museum of New England, the operator of the Naugatuck Railroad. They explained their future plans for the museum and support for the greenway project. The museum representatives also explained their safety concerns and maintenance requirements for the rail with trails sections of the greenway route. After comments were gathered from the workshops and other key stakeholders, draft reports for the four municipalities and the overall region were written and made available for public comment. Printed copies were available at public libraries and town clerks ’ offices in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The project website included links to electronic copies of the draft reports. A fifth and final public meeting was held in Water bury on September 14, 2010, in conjunction with the monthly meeting of the Regional Planning Commission. This provided a final opportunity for the public to weigh-in on the final draft reco mmendations of the Greenway Routing Study. During the month of October, public presentations of the final recommendations were made in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. (The alignment for the Naugatuck River Gree nway in Waterbury had been determined in an earlier study and adopted in early 2010.) These gave their respective communities and elected officials the opportunity to see the final r ecommendations in a Powerpoint slideshow format. Simultaneously, electronic copies of the final report s for the individual municipalities as well as the Regional Report and Executive Summary were made available on the project website. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 46 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps Table 2: Land Parcel Inventory (see maps on following pages). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 47 Figure 11: Land Parcel Inventor y Map 3 for Thomaston/Watertown Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 48 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Figure 12: Land Parcel Inventory Map 4 for Thomaston/Watertown Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 49 Appendix C – Detailed Cost Estimate Tables Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this appendix. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation).  Costs do not include property acquisition.  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g. replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about).  Standard construction methods and materials are used. These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines , dated January 2010. In keeping with the CTDOT’s cost estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic [4%], minor item s [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Cost estimates can also be impacted when a local public works department carries out the work. In these ca ses, some of the CTDOT’s estimated add-ons would not apply. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit prices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with other greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemented where necessary for atypic al items (e.g., pre-fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 50 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 51 Figure 13: Trail segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 52 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 53 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 54 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 55 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 56 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 57 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 58 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 59 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 60 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 61 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 62 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 63 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 64 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 65 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 66 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 67 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 68 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 69 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 70 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 71 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 72 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 73 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 74 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut | 75 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 76 | Final Report: Watertown, Connecticut This page intentionally blank

Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 1 Table of Contents 1. Overview ……………………………………………………………… ………………….. 3 2. Mission and Goals …………………………………………………………….. ………….. 5 3. Study Methodology ……………………………………………………………… ………… 6 4. Study Area ……………………………………………………………… …………………. 7 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis …………………………………………………….. 7 6. Obstacles to Access and Co nnectivity (Gap Analysis) ………………………………….. 11 7. Affected Prop erty Data …………………………………………………………… ……. 11 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost ……………………………………………… 12 9. Brownfields and Environmental Cons traints ……………………………………………. 12 10. Safety and Security ……………………………………………………………… …….. 13 11. Permitting Issues ……………………………………………………………… ………. 14 12. Coordination with Other Studies ………………………………………………………. 17 13. Community Input ……………………………………………………………… ………. 18 14. Opportunities an d Challenges …………………………………………………………. 19 15. Recommended Gr eenway Routing …………………………………………………….. 21 16. Use of Rail Corridor ……………………………………………………………. ……… 30 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits ……………………………………………………. 32 18. Trail Section Prioritization …………………………………………………………….. 33 19. Cost Es timate …………………………………………………………….. …………… 34 20. Community Phasing Pl ans ………………………………………………………….. …. 35 21. Greenway Zoning …………………………………………………………….. ……….. 35 22. Funding Sources ……………………………………………………………… ………… 37 23. Next Steps ………………………………………………………….. …………………. 39 Appendices Appendix A – Community Input Detailed ………………………………………………….. 42 Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps …………………………………………….. 44 Appendix C – Detailed Co st Estimate Tables ………………………………………………. 49 List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. ……………………. 3 Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis in Thomaston. ……………………………………… 10 Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges for Potential Greenway Route in Thomaston…… 20 Figure 4: Recommended Greenway Ro uting Concept in Thomaston. …………………….. 22 Figure 5: Existing (top) and proposed view looking southwest to the new at-grade crossing of Hill Road. ……………………………………………………….. 24 Figure 6: Site cross-section showin g the recommended greenway alignment adjacent to the commercial properties between the river and South Main Street. ……… 25 Figure 7: View looking west to the Pine Hill/Waterbury Road intersection from below Route 8 (t op) with proposed trail runs. ………………………… 27 Figure 8: Thomaston Greenway Sections ………………………………………………….. 32 Figure 9: Land Parcel Inve ntory Map 1 for Thomaston ……………………………………. 45 Figure 10: Land Parcel Inve ntory Map 2 for Thomaston…………………………………… 46 Figure 11: Land Parcel Inventor y Map 3 for Thomaston/Watertown ……………………… 47 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 2 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Figure 12:Trail segment Cost Es timate Location Diagram ………………………………… 51 List of Tables Table 1: Thomaston Trail Sectio n Prioritization Matrix …………………………………… 33 Table 2: Land Parcel In ventory (Appendix B) ……………………………………………… 44 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 3 1. Overview The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Stud y report recommends routing for the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) trail through the Town of T homaston, Connecticut. The routing is the product of a year-long effort to study, analyze and deve lop routing recommendations for a Naugatuck River Greenway trail along the Naugatuck River in Wester n Connecticut. As part of this project, greenway routing reports were also created for Watertown, Naugatuck, and Beacon Falls. A routing report was also created for Waterbury, as part of a separate process. The overall goal of these reports is to identify a route for a 22-mile long regional greenway trail in the Central Naugatuck Valley Region. It is envisioned that this greenway will ultimately extend 44 miles from Torrington in the north to Derby in the south. The two primary goals of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) are: 1) To develop a non-motorized transportation facility for walkers and cyclists. 2) To provide public access to the Naugatuck River. The NRG will provide Thomaston residents with a safe pedestrian and bicycle path that will connect to neighboring municipalities. The NRG will facilitate river access for fishing and small boat launches. The trail will be alongside or within view of the Naugatuck River for as much of the recommended alignment as possible. The NRG will also connect existing facilities and attractions in town such as the Thomaston Dam, New England Railroad Museum, the historic Clockwalk, and Thomaston Opera House. In most areas along the length of the alignment, the preferred greenway route was apparent due to the relative ease of developing a trail along one side of the river versus the opposite bank. In a handful of locations, however, routing options were presented and narrowed down after input from the general public, the Regional Nauga tuck River Greenway Committee, town officials and Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) staff. For the Study, a greenway is defined as “ a corridor of land that connects people and nature together,” and a trail is defined as “ a linear facility for non-motori zed transportation and recreation .” The future trail’s design will be context sensitive; in some sections it may be a paved, shared-use path for pedestrians and bicyclists, while in others, the trail may be a rustic, natural-surf ace path that is more amenable to equestrians. The Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 4 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Study also makes recommendations for the trail and related improvements such as trailheads, parking areas, canoe/kayak landings, on-street bike improvements and other spur connections. Throughout the planning process, care was taken to ensure that recommendations coming from this Study fully considered recommendations from the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing/ Feasibilty Study as well as the various greenway-planning efforts occuring separately in all four municipalities. The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study also recommends connections to nearby parks, schools, state forests and town centers along the route. The Naugatuck River is the Central Naugatuck Valley Region’s primary natural resource. While in many stretches the river has an industrial nature, in others it takes on the traits of a wild river running through far less developed areas, such as northern New England or the Berkshires. Today, there is a new appreciation of the value of this resource in the heart of Western Connecticut. The COGCNV recognizes this portion of the Naug atuck River Greenway as the core of an inter- connected greenway system that will eventually connect to Oxford, Middlebury and Southbury via Larkin State Park Trail and to Connecticut Forest and Park’s Blue-Blazed hiking trail network. When complete, the Naugautck River Greenway will:  Serve as alternative ‘green’ transportation facility.  Provide recreation opportunities for residents and visitors.  Improve the quality of life in local communities.  increase property values adjoining the greenway.  Help retain and attract new businesses and residents.  Raise awareness and help build appreciation of the value of the Naugatuck River. The scenic quality of some se ctions of the Naugatuck River rivals that of rivers nearly anywhere in New England. Greenway-oriented ec onomic development adjacent to the Sue Gro ssman Still River Greenway in Torrington. (photo: Peter Kisselburgh) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 5 2. Mission and Goals The following Mission and Goals provide a measurable set of guidelines for the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway. Mission: Develop an interconnected greenway trail along the Naugatuck River corridor from Thomaston to Beacon Falls that incorporates existing and planned trails and open spaces, and connects to nearby parks, schools, do wntowns, public transportation and other destinations in order to create opportuniti es for non-motorized transportation and for communities to reconnect with the na tural environment along the river. Goal 1: Connect Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury , Naugatuck and Beacon Falls with a contiguous multiuse greenway trail. Furt hermore, access points and connectivity to commuter and tourist train stations and bus routes are necessary for the proposed trail to be a successful transportation and recreational facility. Goal 2: Increase the number of people walking an d bicycling for transportation and recreation and the number of children walking and bicycling to school in the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region, helping to reduce traffic congestion, greenhouse-gas emissions and sedentary lifestyles. Goal 3: Support each community’s economic developm ent efforts by routing the greenway to serve their downtown areas. Goal 4: Incorporate context-sensitive design in th e planning and development of the greenway trail. The trail will be sensitive to local conditions. Individual sections of the trail may be designed as a rustic, natural-surface trail or as a paved, shared-use path based on local conditions. Some stretches could be designed to encourage equestrians, depending on local conditions. Interpretive elements will reflect each community’s unique heritage and culture, while a greenway logo will establish a consistent identity along the entire greenway trail. Goal 5: Reconnect the communities of the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region to the Naugatuck River. Provide access to the river for recreati onal, educational and public safety purposes. Encourage municipalities and residents to better protect the river corridor. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 6 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut 3. Study Methodology The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study followed a methodology that included community workshops, site walks, stakeholder meetings, reviews of relevant planning documents and field observations to identify short-term and long-term alternatives for development of the regional greenway. Planning tools such as GIS-based data analysis and review of aerial photography were employed as well. The mission and goals outlined in the previous section guided the planning process. A series of site walks and meeti ngs with stakeholders in each of the communities occurred in the fall of 2009 and continued on an as-needed basis through the summer of 2010. Public workshops for the data- gathering stage were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively and on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Water town, respectively. Additionally, the project website (http://www.cogcnv.org/greenway) was maintained throughout the duratio n of the Study. A core element of the Routing Study was to identify gaps in the current greenway system and propose short- and long-term alternatives for closing the gaps and connecting existing or planned sections of the greenway. Gaps were evaluated for:  Land ownership issues  User accessibility  Environmental concerns  Physical barriers such as topography, major roads and rail lines, etc.  Permitability, constructability and cost  Adjacent planned development  Community support or opposition  Overall character, including view opportunities  Adjacency to points of interest  Potential or lack of access points After the Gap Evaluation, an analysis of opportuniti es and challenges within the project corridor was conducted to refine the routing alternatives. Worki ng with COGCNV planners and the Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, the alternatives were narrowed do wn to a recommended greenway alignment that had the community’s support. In conjunction with th e routing recommendations, a phasing plan for implementation, along with cost estimates for each phase were developed. The phasing recommendations take into account that greenway planning, design an d development often occur over extended periods of time and early successes can help to maintain overall project support, funding and momentum. The planning and conceptual design of the trail fo llows appropriate trail-related design guidelines. For example, the typical cross-section for the NRG is based on the AASHTO 19 99 Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities, which recommends a ten foot-wide shared-use path with two-foot soft shoulders (fourteen feet total) with a minimum dimension of eight feet to clear pinch points. This does not preclude, however, the possibility that some sections of the trail may include stretches that are narrower and made of permeable surfaces due to lo cal conditions and other constraints. One of the break-out group tables at the community meeting held in Thomaston on November 18, 2009. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 7 4. Study Area The study area is a 22-mile corridor along the Naugat uck River within the municipalities of Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The corridor is approximately one-half to one mile in width but can vary to allow for a full range of opportunities for con sideration, including the potential for trails on both sides of the river or along roads, highways and rail corridors. Recommendations for the greenway alignment extend from the Thomaston Dam in Thomaston to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park in Beacon Falls. Connections further north to To rrington and south to Derby are being coordinated by the Litchfield Hills Council of Elected Officials and the Valley Council of Governments, respectively. Within the nearly four-mile long river corridor in Thomaston, the study area focused on an approximately half-mile wide corridor between North/South Main Street on the west bank and the rail line on the east bank and the Route 222 / Hill Road corridor to the Thomaston Dam. Within the corridor, the study area is varied from an environmental and land-use point of view. At the northern-most end, the river corridor runs through federal lands that are undeveloped except for the dam structure. Running downriver (south), the character of the river’s edges becomes more industrial as it passes through downtown Thomaston, where factories and mills were built in the 19 th century. Just north of downtown, Route 8 passes over the river and turns to the south, running along the east bank for nearly two miles unt il it crossing again to the west side of the river. South of downtown, on the west bank, there are a collection of commercial and industrial uses along the river, most fronting either South Main or River streets. Downriver from the Reynolds Bridge, the Naugatuck River corridor then pro ceeds into Watertown as it cuts a channel into the hills of the Mattatuck State Forest. 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis The analysis of Potential Greenway Routes is base d on meetings and walking tours with stakeholders, field observations and the examinatio ns of aerial photos and GIS-based maps. This analysis is based on the long-term desire to incorporate a 8-12’ wide st one dust or paved trail in close proximity to the Naugatuck River, but a narrower dirt hiking trail or on-street bike lanes in the short term are not precluded. These may be necessary to avoid diff icult stretches where property-ownership issues, engineering challenges or envi ronmental constraints exist. Industrial uses along the ri ver in downtown Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 8 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Within the Town of Thomaston’s Greenway Routing Analysis Map (see Figure 2 on page 10) there includes:  Identification of cultural and historic destinations and scenic areas that should be connected to the greenway.  Existing, planned or proposed local greenways.  Portions of the corridor for which no apparent routing options currently exist, i.e. gaps.  Identification of potential spurs and loops that connect to other greenw ays, amenities and destinations. For the latter two bullets points, the map features el ements along the river that present existing and potential conditions along the Naugatuck River. Poten tial conditions and example situations from the region are presented below:  No apparent routing option along the river – typically due to the placement of Route 8 along the edge of the river or very steep hills or cliffs that may present significant challenges (note that this does not preclude the possibility of a narrow, short- term path as mentioned above).  Potential ‘rail with trail’ along active rail line – an active rail line with an adjacent level shelf, unutilized spur or maintenance way that is potentially wide enough to accommodate the greenway trail with an appropriate setback (ideally 20-25’ but potentially as low as 10’) from the rail line. Example: North of the Prospect Street Bridge in Naugatuck where Route 8 runs very close to the river’s edge. Example: The rail corridor through parts of Naugatuck may offer an opportunity for a rail-with-trail greenway section. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 9  Potential trail adjacent to the river – portions of the riverbank where spatial and topographical constraints do not prevent the routing of the trail close to the river’s edge.  Potential connection along existing access road or street rights of way (ROW) – areas where the greenway may be able to use an adjacent access road or the portion of an adjacent road ROW with sufficient width to accommodate a trail.  Potential spur trail/street improvements – these are on-road improvements that may involve creating bicycle lanes and improved pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks. These on-road improvements can help to connect the greenway to other trails, schools, cultural destinations and downtown areas. Example: Portions of the greenway trail within Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park are likely to run adjacent to the river. Example: A dirt maintenance roadway that runs between the rail line and Route 8 in Watertown is an opportunity for the trail. Example: Streetscape enhancements along Elm Street in Thomaston will improve connections between the future Naugatuck River Greenway and the Clock Walk. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 10 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis in Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 11 6. Obstacles to Access and Connectivity (Gap Analysis) Throughout the nearly four-mile NRG trail corridor in Thomaston, there are a number of obstacles to accessibility and trailhead parking. At the Thomaston Dam, it is possible to walk along a series of informal trails along the east bank of the river, be low the dam, between the Vista Picnic Area and the Hill Road bridge over the Naugatuck River. However, access downriver (south) from this area is difficult on foot or bike on either riverbank because of private property, the Route 8 interchange (exit 40) and the rai l line. There is only one river access point between Ro ute 222 and the East Main Street Bridge via Railroad Street Annex. An unused access road through the Pl ume & Atwood site provides some opportunity for access in the future. South of the East Main Street Bridge, steep slopes and private property create obstacles to access immediately adjacent to the river. Following the Cl ock Walk along the Elm Street is recommended for the greenway as an alternative to the steep riverfront corridor. The east bank of the river from here to Reynolds Bridge is constrained by the close proximi ty of the rail line, Route 8 and the Naugatuck River. The west bank does offer some opportunities for conn ectivity, but some obstacles are present including private property along the river, South Main Street’ s narrow right of way and the on/off ramps for Route 8 (exit 38). Only one parking area open to the public currently exists along the proposed routes—the Vista Picnic Area at the Thomaston Dam—but it is only open from May until mid-October. The other proposed parking area along Hill Road is not currently a form ally-designated parking area, though it is used by hunters and fishermen. The other recommended parkin g area at the Thomaston Sewer Plant is currently not open to the public. While all of these parking areas will include trailheads to the NRG, care will need to be taken—through bollard placement and sign age—to ensure that ATV’s and other motorized vehicles do not have access onto the trail. 7. Affected Property Data The parcels falling within or adjacent to the study area boundary have been identified and shown on the figures provided in Appendix B. A table with parcel size and property-owner information is also provided in Table 2 within Appendix B. The parcel inventor y is intended to facilitate future correspondence between the municipality and affected property owne rs. The parcel table was developed from the COGCNV GIS parcel database. In some instances the information may be incomplete. In Thomaston, a total of 16 parcels have been identi fied within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include:  U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s land surrounding the Thomaston Dam  Town of Thomaston Fire Station  CTDOT’s Route 8 right of way  CTDOT / Naugatuck Railroad’s rail corridor  CTDOT District IV facility (on South Main Street) and salt shed area  Mattatuck State Forest Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 12 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost Experience on other greenway projects can be used to infer a planning-level estimate of expected construction cost for the Naugatuck River Greenway in Thomaston. For a typical greenway with conventional structure types in a rural setting, exp ected greenway construction costs for either a 10-12’ paved or stone dust path range fr om $0.75 to $1.25 million per mile. Many factors will affect final cost including construction materials, commodity prices, pr operty impacts of the selected alignment and other undetermined issues. Costs for a greenway trail along th e Naugatuck River corridor, as with most greenway projects, will be largely driven by the requirements of structural com ponents (e.g., bridges, pile-supported walkways, etc.). Fortunately, completing the entire corridor within Thomaston town limits will not require any expensive new bridges over the Naugatuck River. However, a handful of other design elements will require engineered solution that will increase the cost of some individual segments of the NRG. For instance, to provide a route for the trail across the East Main Br idge, the narrow south sidewalk is recommended for widening to 10-12’, a significant co st. Also, while far less expensive th an Naugatuck River crossings, two or three new brook bridges are recommended in Thomas ton. Also, a possible trail section on piles will be needed to bypass the wetland area behind the auto dealership between the Route 8 on and off ramps at South Main Street. The option to avoid these wetlands could be expensive as well as, requiring multiple retaining walls to keep the NRG along the river and below Route 8. 9. Brownfields and Envi ronmental Constraints Land use within the greenway corridor in Thomaston varies from industria l and mixed commercial/ residential sites to undeveloped forestland. Each of the various land uses brings its own set of environmental challenges. In urbanized environments with a history of ind ustry like Thomaston, it is common to find sites contaminated with oils or hazardous materials. Olde r development frequently included use of urban fill materials (e.g., brick, block and asphalt within a soil and ash matrix). Due to the presence of ash and asphalt within the urban fill, it is common to find pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (compounds commonly found in petroleu m and combustion by-products) within urban fill materials. These concerns will likely complicate the acquisition of parcels for greenway development. As definitive designs for the various greenway segments are developed, the designer should identify parcels with known or potential historic releases of contam inants. This will allow trail designs to incorporate appropriate mitigation measures. A first-order assessment of potential contaminat ion can be made by reviewing the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection’s (CTD EP) “List of Contaminated or Potentially Contaminated Sites in Connecticut” and “List of Sig nificant Environmental Hazards Reported to the DEP.” As of September 2009, known contaminated or potentially contaminated sites near the greenway corridor in Thomaston include:  Tyler Automatics, 437 South Main Street  Plume & Atwood Brass Mill Division, 235 East Main Street  Drawn Metal Tube Company, 219 Elm Street As of February 2010, no sites with significant en vironmental hazards were reported to the CTDEP near the greenway corridor in Thomaston. However, these lists are not exhaustive and only provide information about sites that the CTDEP is aware of. If warranted, a more detailed evaluation in the form of a Phase I/II Environmental Site Assessment may need to be undertaken. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 13 Constructing portions of the greenway in Thomast on may require disturbing polluted soil. Special consideration should be given to the following: o Soil disposal: If excess soil is generated during the cons truction of the trail, it may require special handling and disposal due to the presen ce of pollutants. We recommend that the trail be designed in a manner to reduce the amount of excess soil generated during the project to mitigate the potential for excessive costs associated with polluted soil disposal. o Potential for exposure: Although the greenway may be paved, thereby mitigating the potential for users to come into contact with pollutants directly beneath the trail, soil located along the shoulders of the trail could provide a potential exposure pathway. Surficial soil quality testing may reveal these conditions and permit the desi gner to incorporate mitigating measures (e.g., separation fabrics, clean fill, etc.). In less developed areas, environmental constraints re late less to mitigating man-made contamination and more to protecting and managing natural resources. Sensitive resources include: wetlands, flood plains, endangered or threatened species habitat, steep sl opes or erosive soils and archeological resources. In these resource areas, a special effort should be ma de to maintain and/or re-establish riparian buffers adjacent to the river or wetlands. These buffers help protect water quality, lower water temperatures and provide wildlife corridors. Where the greenway is propos ed to cross an area identified as a potential endangered or threatened species habitat, a review by the CTDEP should be sought early in the design process. The CTDEP will advise the municipality on a ppropriate measures to protect the critical habitat. In Thomaston, the greenway will pass through at least one, and possibly two, areas known to be potential endangered-species habitat. If the CTDEP determine s that the proposed project is likely to impact a listed threatened or endangered species, or significant natural communities, department staff will provide recommendations to avoid or minimize impacts to these species and habitats. The CTDEP permit analysts reviewing the project environmental permit applications will consider these recommendations during their review and typically incorporate a ppropriate conditions as part of the permit. Where appropriate, municipalities are encouraged to wo rk with their design professionals to incorporate low-impact design (LID) principles into the greenway. LID allows for more natural stormwater drainage patterns and promotes groundwater recharge. It help s to decrease the adverse effects of development upon our water resources. Common LID measures include permeable pavements, rain gardens, bio- filtration swales, etc. These measures may not be a ppropriate, however, in areas where underlying soils are polluted. 10. Safety and Security Trail safety is a major concern of both trail users and those whose property is adja cent to a greenway trail. Emergency vehicles access to the NRG is paramoun t and the alignment and access point locations were planned with this in mind. The Town of Thomast on should plan for regular security patrols for the section of the trail within its jurisdiction and devel op an emergency response plan for police, fire and ambulance service. Creating a safe trail environment goes beyond design and law enforcement, however and should involve the entire community. The most eff ective and most visible deterrent to illegal activity on the NRG will be the presence of legitimate trail users . Getting as many “eyes on the trail” as possible is the most effective deterrent to undesirable acti vity. There are several components to accomplish this: Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 14 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Provide good access to the trail Access ranges from providing conveniently-located trailheads along the Greenway, to encouraging the development of sidewalks and bike facilities along pu blic roadways that connect to, or intersect, the NRG. Access points should be inviting and sign ed to welcome the public onto the trail. Good visibility from adjacent neighbors Neighbors adjacent to the trail can po tentially provide 24-hour surveillance of the trail and can become an ally to the municipalities’ police departments. Thou gh some screening and setback of the trail may be needed for privacy of adjacent neighbors, complete blocking out of the trail from neighborhood view should be discouraged. This eliminates the potential of neighbors’ “eyes on the trail,” and could result in a tunnel effect along the trail. High level of maintenance A well maintained trail sends a message that the co mmunity cares about the public space. This message alone will discourage undesirable activity along the trail. Programmed events Community events along any of the various segmen ts of the Naugatuck River Greenway will help increase public awareness and thereby attract more pe ople to use the trail. Various civic organizations can help organize public events along the trail which w ill increase support. Events might include a day-long trail cleanup or a series of short interpretive walks led by knowledgeable residents or a naturalist. Community projects The support generated for the NRG could be further ca pitalized by involving neighbors and friends of the trail in a community project. Ideas for community projects include volunteer planting events, art projects and interpretive research projects. These co mmunity projects create a sense of ownership along the greenway and serve as a strong deterrent to undesirable activity along the trail. Adopt-a-Trail Program Nearby businesses, community institutions and re sidential neighbors often see the benefit of their involvement in trail development and maintenance. Businesses and developers may view the trail as an integral piece of their site planning and may be willing to take on some level of responsibility for the trail as well. Creation of an adopt-a-trail program should be explored to capitalize on this opportunity and build civic pride in the greenway. 11. Permitting Issues The construction of the regional greenway along the Na ugatuck River will require permits from various agencies. A brief description of each anticipated permit is provided below. It should be noted that each permit may not be required for each individual section of the greenway t rail. Municipal Inland Wetlands and Watercours es Permit for Regulated Activities Basis: Delegated authority from the State based on Connecticut General Statutes. Threshold: Any regulated activity within a State regulated wetland, or upland review area. Can also be required if the activity is in an upland area, drains to a regulated wetland area and/or is deemed to have a potential impact on the wetland. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 15 Process: Application must be made to th e Municipality and most include a Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Repo rting Form. At the first meeting after application is received, it is formally accep ted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues. If the proposed activity is deemed to be a potentially significant activity, then a Public Hearing must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. If the activity is found to have no significant impact, then the Commission may hold a public hearing, if it is found to be in the public good, or may render a decision without holding a hearing. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, depending on whether a Public Hearing is required. Application must be submitted prior to or concurrent with the Planning and Zoning Permit, if required. Municipal Planning and Zoning or Municipal Zo ning Department Permit (Site Plan Approval) Basis: Local authority granted under Connecticut General Statutes, but based on local bylaws and regulations. Threshold: Any significant earthwork or work requ iring a building permit. A Zoning permit may not be required for basic greenway trail projects. This should be discussed with each municipality’s Planning and Zoning staff once the corridor and proposed construction methods are sufficiently defined. Process: Application is made to the Municipali ty. At the first meeting after the application is received, it is formally accepted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues and local bylaws. Certain activities require a special permit which requires a public hearing and must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. Also, the Commission cannot make a decision until the Inland Wetlands Commission has made a decision. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Plans must nor mally be approximately 70% construction document level in order to contain sufficient information to gain approvals. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, following submission, depending on whether a public hearing is required. The permit application cannot be submitted prior to the applicat ion for Inland Wetlands, although they can be submitted on the same day. FEMA Floodplain Development and Condi tional Letter of Map Revision Basis: Federal law with some review authority delegated to the municipality. Threshold: Any earthwork or construction within a designated flood plain; work over , or in a designated floodway. Process: A floodplain permit is required before construction begins within any Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), or any flood-prone area s if no SFHA has been defined. Permits are required to ensure that the proposed development project meets the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the community’s floodplain management ordinance. In Connecticut, this review is usua lly performed by the Planning and Zoning or Wetlands Commissions. Generally, passive recreation, such as bicycle and pedestrian trails, are allowed as permitted use in flood-prone areas. However, if the proposed construction affects the elevation or horizontal spread of flood waters, the applicant may need to apply for a Conditional Letter of Map Change (CLOMR). Application is made to Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 16 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut FEMA with the concurrence of the municipality. The application must demonstrate that the water surface elevation will not increase by more than one foot (cumulatively with other developments) in the flood plain or by any amount in the regulatory floodway through use of hydraulic modeling software. It should be noted that some municipalities have floodplain-management regulation more restrictive than these requirements. Following construction, an application must be made for a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) depicting actual “as-built” conditions and modeling demonstrating that the data presented in the application is valid. Time Line: Normally takes twelve to eighteen months for CLOMR. Connecticut Flood Manageme nt Certification (FMC) Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: All State of Connecticut actions in or affecting floodplains or natural or man-made storm drainage facilities, including projects undertak en by municipalities with funding provided by the State. Process: Application is made to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). Upon receipt of a request for CT DEP approval of a state agency’s flood management certification, the application is a ssigned to a project manager and is reviewed for sufficiency. If the application is sufficient, a detailed technical review is initiated. These reviews consist of an evaluation of the technical documentation provided in the application as well as an independent a ssessment of the site and of the project’s consistency with the flood manage ment standards and criteria. Time Line: Normally processed within three months. If other CTDEP approvals are required, the FMC will be processed concurrently with the other applications. Stream Channel Encroachment Permit Basis: State regulation of specific stream cha nnels as defined by Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Any earthwork within the stream channel encroachment line. Process: Application is made to the CTDEP. App lication must include hydrologic analysis proving that activity does not negatively impact flood water or impede flow within the channel. Time Line: Normally takes six to twelve mo nths depending upon the nature of the proposed construction. Connecticut Department of Environmental Prot ection General Permit for the Discharge of Stormwater and Dewatering Wastewater from Construction Activities Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Compliance with the General Permit is required for all projects that disturb one or more acres of total land area. Projects with five or more total acres of disturbance, regardless of phase must also file a registration with th e CTDEP. Projects exceeding 10 acres of total disturbance must obtain an approval of registration, including a detaile d review of the required Stormwater Pollution Control Plan. Process: Application is made to CTDEP. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 17 Time Line: Must be submitted at least sixty days prior to the start of construction. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) Permit Basis: Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Threshold: There are three categories of ACOE permits based on the total area of disturbance of federally regulated wetlands. The federal de finition of wetland is different from the Connecticut definition. Although the limits of both federal and state wetland tend to be the same, there are sometimes differences. ACOE jurisdiction is triggered by any fill-in, or secondary impact to, a federally regulated wetl and. If the ACOE has jurisdiction, then the category of permit is decided based on the to tal direct and secondary impacts to wetlands. Direct impacts include earthwork operations. Secondary impacts can include changes in drainage patterns or groundwater hydrology, cl earing/cutting of vegetation, or alteration of shade patterns. Category I General Permit (less than 5,000 square feet of disturbance) Category II Programmatic General Permit (PGP) ( 5,000 square feet to 1 acre of disturbance) Category III Individual Permit (one acre, or more, of disturbance) Process: For Category I, there is no application required. For Category II and II I permits, application is made to the ACOE. Review is conducted jointly by the ACOE and the CTDEP (see CT 401 Water Quality Permit). Additional review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and other federal agencies is conducted for Category II and III permits. Category II permits can be changed to Category III if requested by reviewing agencies based on potential impacts of the wetl ands or wildlife habitat. Time Line: Category II permits normally take six to nine months depending on complexity, quality/function of wetlands, and surrounding ha bitats. Category III can take one year or more. Category II and III permits cannot be gr anted until the CTDEP issues a 401 Water Quality Permit. Connecticut Section 401 Wa ter Quality Certification Basis: Federal authority, under the Clean Water s Act, delegated to the State of Connecticut. Threshold: Category II or III ACOE Perm it, or any State of Connecticut Project. Process: Application to the ACOE is jointly reviewed by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). The CTDEP often requires additional information to be submitted which is not required by the ACOE. Time Line: Normally takes four to six months. Th is certification must be granted before the ACOE can issue a Category II or III permit. 12. Coordination with Other Studies Along with the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Rout ing Study, other relevant studies have recently been completed or are occurring concurrently. In some cases, some of these studies have had an impact on the routing decisions for the NRG and recommendations from this Study have led to proposal alterations to the other studies. The other studies include:  The Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenw ay Routing and Feasibility Study recommends a hybrid greenway alignment through the city that ut ilizes public and private property along the east Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 18 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut and west banks of the river, numerous bridges, and a handful of roadway corridors to link difficult-to-bridge gaps along the river. The St udy includes numerous loops and spur connections to important nearby destinations, as well as natu re trails that run adjacent to the wider, paved greenway trail. At the north end, the Waterbury Greenway is proposed to terminate at the City Line with Thomaston adjacent to Thomaston Av enue with a long-term recommendation for a new bridge to span the river at this locati on, connecting with the trail running north in Watertown.  The Connecticut Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Plan was updated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation in 2009. The effort includes a state-wide plan and detailed map that illustrates the state’s policies, ex isting facilities and future needs for safe and efficient travel by bike or by foot. The official bike map includes two cross-state routes that cross the Naugatuck River Valley within the Regional Greenway study area. These include a route through Thomaston from the west along Route 109, along South Main and out of Thomaston via Hill Road. 13. Community Input The Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) hosted two pairs of public workshops for the Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study. A workshop was held in each of the four greenway study municipalities. The first public workshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of wo rkshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while the next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston. The second of the two pairs of public workshops were held on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of these meetings was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they would like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, the four community meetings, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided the COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a result. One attendee even sug gested the clever idea First Selectman Ed Mone addre sses workshop attendees in the Thomaston High School cafeteria on November 18, 2009. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 19 of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps were also posted on the project website. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the workshops, via e-mail and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of workshops in the Republican American and other town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was posted to the Republican American website. Subsequent to the community meetings, members of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail conn ections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to the COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A final public meeting was held on September 14, 20 10 at the COGCNV’s offices in Waterbury. The completed draft study was presented to the Regional Planning Commission and members of the public in attendance. Members of the public and RPC commi ssions voiced support for the greenway study. One member of the public emphasized the importance of designing the greenway to not take away from the beauty of the Naugatuck River. 14. Opportunities and Challenges Part of the community and stakeholder meetings, field wo rk and analysis during the easy stages of this Study included the documentation and analysis of existing opportunities and challenges to the development of a greenway trail within the Naugatuck River corridor in Thomaston. This analysis is shown in a diagrammatic map, Figure 3, on the following page. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 20 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges fo r Potential Greenway Route in Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 21 15. Recommended Greenway Routing See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 22 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Figure 4: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept in Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 23 The Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) within the Town of Thomaston will provide a diverse experience for walkers, runners and cyclists. Th e 4.5 mile trail includes portions set adjacent to existing roadways, soft-surface pathways close to the river and streets shared with low-speed traffic. The route will provide connections to many attractions in town: the Thomaston Dam, the Railroad Museum of New England, the Clock Walk, the Thomaston Opera House and the Blue-Blazed Mattatuck Trail at the Watertown line. Trail-side amenities will be provided along the route, including: small parking lots, picnic areas, small boat launches (for canoes and kayaks), rest stops, seating, water fountains, public art, and interpretive signage and kiosks. Future greenway connections south to Watertown and Waterbury and north to Litchfield and Harwinton will also prov ide safe corridors for walking and biking and encourage additional non- motorized trips in town. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment Until a future greenway connection is developed to the north, the northern terminus of the recommended NRG alignment is the Vista Picnic Area at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Thomaston Dam. To discourage trail use by ATVs and other mo torized vehicles, signs and bollards will be needed here and at all other trailheads. Neither are a panacea however and enforcement will be needed to en sure that only non-motorized uses take place on the NRG. From the picnic area, the greenway runs along the west side of Hill Road (Route 222), separated from motorized traffic by a crash barrier. To accommodate the eight to ten foot wide trail and one to two foot wide buffers on each side (10-14 feet total), the travel lanes on Hill Road are narrowed to eleven feet wi th one to two foot wide shoulders. The trail utilizes the unpaved shoulder area along the west edge of the pavement. Because some areas feature a slope immediately adjacent to the road, a small retaining wall will help to create a flat enough grade for the paved pathway. At the bridge location over the railroad line, a new trail bridge will span the tracks using the sloping abutments as structural supports. West of the rail line, the path will continue another 600-700 feet and then cross Hill Road where sight lines are adequate, between the two relatively sharp turns to the east and west. This roadway crossing features a high- visibility crosswalk and a median island in the center of the roadway to slow traffic and create a refuge for pedestrians and cyclists between the two travel lanes (see Figure 5 on the following page). To the north, a recommended walking trail loop along an undeveloped section of the river will showcase the natural beauty of the river. Existing Hill Road dry bridge over the railroad line just south of the Thomaston Dam. The greenway trail will offer improved connections from the river to downtown Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 24 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut From the east side of Hill Road, the greenway will travel directly south along an easement through a wedge of private property set between Hill Road, the rail line and the river. The south end of this property borders two residential properties, and care must be taken to ensure the privacy of those living in both houses. The trail will either loop to the east of the houses at the base of the railroad embankment—within the state rail corridor—or to the west, as close to the river as practicable. In either case, a security fence, low wall and/or dense landscaping should be considered to ensure the maximum physical and visual separation between the residences and trail users. In the years leading up to the development of the NRG, the Town of Thomaston should consider purchase of this residential property in the event it is for sale. (At the very least, the Town should purchase rights of first refusal from the current owner.) If and when this occurs, the Town could then resell the property with an easement legally attached as a pre-existing condition to the subsequent owner of the property. Th is short stretch of trail within either the state- owned rail corridor or adjacent to the river will bring the trail to Railroad Annex, a public right of way that passes below Route 8. Here, trail users will share the roadway as the route continues to the south and connects to the access road that leads to the former Plume & Atwood industrial site. Currently, this private roadway is closed by a locked gate, but it is in good condition and runs close to the river. The most likely connection to the East Main Bridge will occur on a trail that runs relatively close to the river through the historic Plume & Atwood parcel when the site is redeveloped in the future (presumably as a commercial, institutional or residential project). Because this is likely a long term scenario, on-road improvements for cyclists—wider shoulders, signage, etc.—are recommended along North Main Street from Hill Road to East Main Street. A connection for the trail was studied along the rail corridor adjacent to Plume & Atwood but was determined to be infeasible due to the difficulty of relocating the existing siding, the challenges or using an at-grade cro ssing for the NRG and the Railroad Museum of New England’s desire to incorporate another rail siding in the future. Figure 5: Existing (top) and proposed view looking southwest to the new at- grade crossin g of Hill Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 25 From the Plume & Atwood site, the greenway alignment continues under th e East Main Bridge to the Railroad Museum and then up onto the Bridge via the existing off ramp. Improvements are needed on both the off ramp and the East Main Street Bridge over the Naugatuck River. A wider sidewalk and improved railings will provide an improved pedestrian and bike connection to downtown Thomaston and the Town’s historic Clock Walk. The Elm Street portion of the Clock Walk will receive dual designation as the NRG to provide a connection through downtown and back to the river (via Maple Street) behind the former Seth Thomas Factory building. Elm Street will be enhanced with an on- street bikeway (striped shoulders and signage), sidewalk improvements and traffic calming features such as speed humps or curb bump-outs, where appropriate, to help slow traffic. The NRG will run downriver (south) along the west bank of the Naugatuck from the Seth Thomas Factory parking lot for at least a half mile. The trail will utilize easements at the far east end of a handful of properties that front the river: the former Seth Thomas Factory building, the Thomaston Fire Station (Town-owned property), a self-storage building, CTDOT’s district headquarters (State-owned property), and a handful of privately-owned commercial and r etail properties. Nearly all of the commercial properties front South Main and are set back a good distance from the river, providing space to accommodate the ten to twelve foot wide greenway tra il with two foot shoulders. Within this stretch there are opportunities for a small boat launch behind the CTDOT building, a trailhead adjacent to the Fire Station and picnic areas in multiple locations. At least one new trail bridge will connect the greenway across a small ravine and brook adjacent to the former Seth Thomas Factory and over wetland areas. A wider south sidewalk and other enhancements to the East Main Bridge over the river will improve connections from downtown to the Railroad Museum. Figure 6: Site cross-section showing the recommend ed greenway alignment adjacent to the commercial properties between the river and South Main Street. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 26 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Where the NRG approaches the south-bound Route 8 exit 38 off ramp, two options for the trail alignment are recommended for further study. One follo ws along the edge of the curving off ramp to the signalized intersection at South Main Street and Route 6. After crossing the off-ramp (where cars stop for a red light), the trail will wind behind the auto dealership on either the edge of the dealership’s parkin g area or along the edge of the Route 8 embankment, in order to avoid the existing wetland. It will then cross at the signalized intersection that provides access to the north-bound Route 8 on-ramp. Na rrowing the wide travel lane and shoulder of the on-ramp will provide the space for the trail to pass under Route 8 and connect back again to the west bank of the Naugatuck. The second option in this area will maintain the trail along the west river bank below the two decks of Route 8 and connect to the CTDOT salt shed area after running within the shoulder of the exit 38 north-bound on ramp for a short distance. From the CTDOT maintenance yard and salt shed, the NRG will continue south through the CTDOT-owned property and connect below Reynolds Bridge. The spacing of the structural arches below the bridge requires the use of two bays for the trail, creating a split in the trail with two narrower segments running side-by-side. Reynolds Bridge, with its vaul ted concrete arches, will be a landmark of engineering and architectural interest along the NRG and should be interpreted with a sign or plaque. Heading south from the bridge, the trail will cross Old Waterbury Ro ad at its intersection with Reynolds Bridge Road, a low-volume road that could provide a comfortable shared environment for vehicles and bicycles. A new sidewalk will line the east side of the road to provide access for walkers. Where Reynolds Bridge Road intersects York Road, the greenway route will divert from the right-of- way and enter the wooded area to the south. Here, the Mattatuck Trail will be utilized as the NRG, requiring a widened and improved surface to accommodate walkers and bicycles (whether this stretch of the greenway can be ADA accessible needs further exploration in subsequent design work for the greenway). The improved Mattatuck Trail will link with the Watertown portion of the greenway via an new trail bridge over Branch Brook, the boundary between Watertown and Thomston. From this location, a soft-surface spur trail will connect along the former trolley bed that runs west to Route 6 and Black Rock State Park. Drivers wishing to enter the NRG at this location will have the opportunity to park at a recommended parking lot for up to 25 cars at the Thomaston Sewer Plant. From there, walkers and cyclists will access the greenway using the historic troll ey line bridge at the south end of the Sewer Plant. The York Road/Old Trolley Bridge connection can also serve as the main greenway route in the event that the proposed new bridge over Branch Brook along the Mattauck Trail is not able to be funded or permitted. The structural arches below the Reynolds Bridge. The Mattatuck Trail may someday look more similar to this stone dust trail in Keene, New Hampshire. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 27 B. Greenway Trail Alignment Options There is one location along the NRG in Thomaston where more than one routing option has been developed. This occurs between South Main Street and the river at the Route 8 exit 38 on/off ramps near the Reynolds Bridge. West Option In this option, the NRG trail will continue alongside the north edge of the southbound Route 8 off-ramp to Watertown Road. At the signalized intersection, the trail will cross the off ramp and continue alongside a car dealership. The commercial uses of the site are very close to the edge of the roadway so it may not be possible to run the trail within the public right-of-way unless the centerline of South Main Street in this area is shifted to the west to provide space for the ten foot wide trail. The alignment could instead go around the dealership to the east (closer to Route 8) but this wetland area will create permitting issues and other complications. The trail then will cross the Route 8 on-ramp at a signalized intersection and cross below Route 8 along the shoulder of the on-ramp itself. After passing the overpass, the trail will continue on to CTDOT-owned property currently occupied by a salt shed. East Option An alternative to crossing the two signalized intersections, the East Option will follow the river more closely and pass under Route 8 twice. There are steep slopes and limited space below Route 8 (see photo at right), so a highly-engineered trail section is likely in this area. Beyond the overpasses, the trail will run along the top of the river bank to a narrower spot immediately adjacent to the on ramp. For a 100- 200 foot long stretch, th e actual path will use a portion of the north-bound on ramp shoulder. South of this pinch point, the trail connects to CTDOT- owned property occupied by the salt shed. Figure 7: View looking west to the Pine Hill/Waterbury Road intersection from below Route 8 (top) with proposed trail runs. View of the west riverbank below Route 8. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 28 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut C. Greenway Trail Characteristics The primary goal of the NRG is to provide a continuous pathway through Thomaston that is accessible to pedestrians, cyclists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other accessibility devices. The dawn-to-dusk pathway will be designed for use as both a transportation corridor (commuting, errands, etc.) and for recreational purposes. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a five to ten foot wide landscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a three foot wide grassy shoulder. This Study recommends the accommodation of all of these users for the maximum length of the trail as practicable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the short term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring signficant engineering solutions should be designed to accommodate all users in a safe and comfortable environment. In some sections, “single track” natura l trail surfaces for hiking, mountain biking and/or equestrian use may be the best ava ilable options. Water trail or ‘bluewa y’ options are also an important consideration so the Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe or kayak. In Thomaston, two areas are recommended for paddlecraft boat launches and take-out areas. One is within the Federally-owned, riverfront land managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to the north of Hill Road. The proposed small parking area along Hill Road (Route 222) will pr ovide convenient access for canoeists and kayakers to park their vehicles. The second proposed boat la unch/take-out area could be accessed behind the parking lot at the CTDOT District IV facility along So uth Main Street, where a gradual slope leads down to the Nauguatuck River. In conjunction with the po tential boat launch, negotiations with CTDOT for the use of a portion of their existing lot for boater parking will be needed. Within Thomaston, most of the greenway is intended to be a ten feet wide, shared-use asphalt path, with eight foot widths in constrained ar eas. Two-foot-wide soft-surface should ers will be included with a white shoulder line set eight to twelve inches from the edge of the asphalt. This trail configuration is appropriate for the vast majority of the greenway thro ugh Thomaston. Locations close to the river or wetland areas can be a permeable or semi-permeable surface (stone dust or packed aggregate with a binding agent) to reduce storm-water run off an d make for a more natural appearance within environmentally sensitive areas. In Thomaston, this condition occurs in some locations south of Hill Road, the section of trail south of the Fire Station and where the NRG trail overlaps with the Mattatuck Trail. Along East Main Street, Maple Street and Rey nolds Bridge Road, the trail alignment will utilize existing (in some case widened) sidewalks for pede strians, wheelchairs, and young cyclists, and roadway improvements such as bike lanes, shoulders and signage will improve conditions for most cyclists. D. Access Points and Amenities The NRG trail includes a number of parking areas and trailheads to provide access to the transportation and recreational corridor. Some will formalize de-facto parking areas (such as the shoulder along Hill Road), while others are new parking lots, (such as th e area adjacent to the Thomaston Sewer Plant). The potential use of the CL&P proper ty adjacent to the Fire Station for new surface parking for the NRG should be considered, as well as non-business-hour use of the former Seth Thomas Factory building lot (with owner’s permission). In the long-term, if emergency-vehicle access issues can be addressed, some parking could be incorporated near the Fire Station. All parking lots include trailheads and/or kiosks that feature maps, dog-waste bag dispensers, safety information and environmental and historical interpretive materials. To discourage trail use by ATVs and ot her motorized vehicles, signs and bollards will be needed at all trailheads as well. Some parking area s are located near small boat launches so people can park and carry their canoes and kayaks a short distance to the river. These locations will also work well for fishing access. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 29 Other trail-related amenities will be determined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms and water foun tains are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. There is a rest station adjacent to the Vista Picnic Area at the Thomaston Dam, but it is open o nly seasonally. The Town of Thomaston should consider discussions with the Army Corps about the possibility of keeping it (and the adjacent parking area) open for longer periods during the year. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs will enhance the trail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns and other educational information. Public health can be in tegrated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Pedestrian-scale Lighting Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety along public streets that double as the NRG route, at key intersections and at trailheads. In Thomaston, locati ons for proposed lighting improvements include the trail crossing at Hill Road, the East Main Street Bridge over the river, Maple Street, and the West Option for the trail that crosses the Route 8 on/off ramp intersections. Lighting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibly emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists can be commissioned to provide art for the trail system, making the trail unique to its community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. Public art insta llations along the greenway should be consistent with a design theme, based on the surrounding context. In Thomaston, public art should be considered at key locations along the NRG, such as where the trail enters/exits the downto wn area next to the former Seth Thomas factory building or at the East Main bridge. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 30 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut 16. Use of Rail Corridor Throughout discrete portions of the 22-mile Naugat uck River Greenway (NRG), the recommended trail route runs within the state-owned, active rail corridor. In Thomaston, the tracks are primarily used by the Naugatuck Railroad, providing scenic tours of the ri ver valley from the Thomaston Dam to a spot just south of Huntingdon Avenue in Waterbury. This service is active only seasonally and is run by volunteers from the Railroad Museum of New England. Freight trains also occasionally run along the tracks both north and south of Waterbury. Because of the use patterns of the rail line adjacent to the river, th e NRG’s alignment will need to be carefully designed so as not to disrupt train servi ce. Early on in the planning process, members of the project team met with rail operations officials from the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) in New Haven to better understand their needs for the corridor. According to CTDOT, the agency is open to considering having a greenway trail as long as operations are not disrupted and the following conditions are met:  A 25 foot setback/buffer from the centerline of the tracks to the edge of the trail  Unencumbered access for service and emergency vehicles  A security fence with intermittent gates for maintenance access  Any maintenance of the railroad corridor should be coordinated with futu re greenway construction for maximum efficiency of time and funding The project team also met with me mbers of the Railroad Museum of New England (RMNE) and written comments from the Executive Director were subseque ntly received as well. The RMNE is a strong supporter of the NRG Greenway and endorses the pla nning efforts. They understand that there is a potential synergy between the trail and the museum and that some visitors to the RMNE may arrive by foot or bike after the NRG is built. Additionally, it is hoped that some greenway users may use the Naugatuck Railroad as a shuttle service and take the train one way and walk or bike back to their original destination. Along the NRG adjacent to the rail line used by the Naugatuck Railroad, the trail will need to be designed for accessibility by railroad personnel n eeding to clear obstructions that may result from a storm or other damage. In Thomaston, there is one potential location where the NRG may run within the existing, active rail corridor. To avoid two homes sit along Railroad Annex, the trail may run within the rail corridor to the east and at the base of the existing embankment fo r a short distance. North of the residential property, the trail alignment may incorporate some sections of abandoned and active rail corridor to avoid wetlands, but is intended to run closer to th e river between Railroad Annex and Hill Road. Many of these conditions are consistent with research conducted for the U.S. DOT’s Rail-with-Trails: Lessons Learned document by Alta Planning + Design (see: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ environment/rectrails/rwt/toc.htm). This document showed that we ll-designed rail-with-trail projects typically meet the operational needs of railroads. In some locations, the setback/buffer can be as low as ten feet in constrained areas within rail corridors that have a low frequency and low-speed train service. Regardless of setback distance, some recommended NR G rail-with-trail portions may not fit neatly on to the existing rail bed. In some cases, achieving the 25 foot setback may require the cutting of adjacent trees, re-grading of a portion of the bed and, in some cases, potentially building small retaining walls to accommodate the additional width. In extreme pinch poi nts, the bare minimum setback will need to be at least twelve feet to accommodate maintenance vehicles and other machinery. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 31 It is also important to recognize, according to the U.S. DOT’s report, that the rail-with-trail portions of the greenway can provide benefits to the rail-corridor owner and operator. This includes providing them with a new, well- maintained service corridor adjacent to the tracks (in the form of a greenway trail), and a reduction of illegal track crossings, dumping and trespassing by ATV’s, dirt bikes and those on foot. In addition, towns and cities have seen benefits with increased adjacent property values and enhanced access to the rail corridor by law enforcement and emergency vehicles. Greenway trail in Portland, Oregon whose edge runs within 10-15’ of the centerline of the adjacent active rail line. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 32 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits Two separate, but related, questions must be answer ed in order to develop a recommended sequence of greenway construction: What are the limits of each individual construction phase? What is the best sequence in which to complete these sections? Section limits were determined with an eye toward the following characteristics:  Connectivity – Individual phases should be useful as stand-alone projects and connect to existing public rights-of-way adjacent to residential neighborhoods or an employment area.  Funding Availability – The complete greenway program should be broken into reasonably-sized projects likely to attract funding.  Logical Termini – Since several years may pass between the completion of one section and the beginning of the next, each section should have a logical terminus, such as at an existing public road or park.  Momentum Building – Greenway sections likely to generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm in the community should be built first.  Consistency of Character – Areas in which the character remains consistent from one end to the other. Using these criteria as a guide, recommended section limits for the Naugatuck River Greenway in Thomaston were created and shown in Figure 8 at right. Section Description Length (miles) T‐ 1  Thomaston Dam  to  Railroad  Museum   1.5  T‐2  East  Main  Street  Bridge  and  Elm  Street   0.5  T‐3  Seth Thomas  Factory  to Watertown  Line   1.9     Total Length   3.9  Figure 8: Thomaston Greenway Sections Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 33 18. Trail Section Prioritization Whenever possible, greenway facilities should be developed as single construction projects or use as few phases as possible. This allows project proponent s—elected officials, business interests, community groups, etc.—to realize significant cost savings by pe rforming the design, permitting and construction administration more efficiently. However, it is qui te likely that financial constraints will require the various sections of the Naugatuck River Greenway to be completed in several phases. For Thomaston, a recommended phasing plan was created by weighing seve n criteria (relative weighting of each criterion shown in parentheses) with the prioritiza tion matrix shown in Table 1 at bottom: 1. Connectivity (25%) – Does the phase connect to ex isting or funded portions of the greenway, destinations, or amenities? 2. Permitting Requirements (15%) – W ill the phase be easy to permit? 3. Construction Cost (10%) – Will the pha se be economical to construct? 4. Ease of Construction (10%) – Will the phase cr eate fewer disturbances to the community? 5. Private Property Impacts (15%) – Does the phase avoid private property or adversely impacting adjacent property owners? 6. Momentum Building (15%) – Will the phase gene rate excitement and enthusiasm within the community for the overall greenway? 7. Cultural Benefits (10%) – Are there natural, historical, environmental, recreational, or educational resources that will be accessed or protected by the phase? Criteria % of Evaluation Scoring T-1 T-2 T-3 Connectivity Prioritize phases that will build the greatest connectivity 25%Connects to at least two existing or funded greenway facilities: 2 5 Connects to one existing or funded greenway facility or downtown area: 10-15 Long-term link needed to build regional network: 010 10 25 Permitting Requirements Favor phases that involve fewer regulatory hurdles 15n be constructed with only Local Approval: 15 Requires only “General Permits” at the state or federal level: 10 Extensive individual state and federal permits required: 0 10 15 10 Construction Cost Prefer phases with a lower cost per linear foot of completed trail 10%Per Linear Foot cost less than $150: 10 Per Linear Foot cost is between $150 and $250: 5 Per Linear Foot cost exceeds $250: 0 550 Ease of Construction Select phases with less disturbance to local community over more invasive projects 10n be built with little or no inconvenience to the community: 10 Construction will create only minor inconvenience: 5 Construction will entail significant inconvenience or temporary closure of road/rails: 0 5010 Property Impacts Favor projects that require fewer Rights-of-Way on private property 15%Phase entails no impacts to private landowners: 15 Phase requires easements or acquisition across 1-3 private properties: 10 Phase requires easements or acquisition across >3 private properties: 010 15 0 Momentum Building Prioritize phases that will generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm within the community 15%Completion is likely to create significant enthusiasm within the community: 15 Completion is likely to create some enthusiasm within the community: 10 Phase serves will serve most users only after adjacent connections are made: 015 10 15 Cultural Benefits Select phases that provide greater access to natural, historical, recreational, archeological or educational resources 10% This section contains significant cultural resources: 10 This section contains some cultural resources: 5 This section contains few cultural resources: 0 51010 Total Score 100% 60 65 70   Table 1: Thomaston Trail Section Prioritization Matrix. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 34 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut 19. Cost Estimate Right-of-Way Acquisition Costs Payments to owners for the easements and parcels required to construct the greenway vary widely depending up existing land use, size and utility of th e portion of a parcel acquired, development potential of the area, and a host of other factors. Based u pon recent greenway projects within Connecticut, these costs may range between $40,000 and $100,000 per pa rcel. In addition to the payments to property owners, the services of a licensed surveyor will be n eeded during the ROW process. The survey firm will perform boundary surveys and prepare easement maps that must be recorded in the town’s land records. These services typically cost $3,000 to $5,000 per ea sement. Note: this range assumes that easement maps are prepared after survey base maps of the proposed co rridor are developed. Finally, legal services will be needed to perform the property transactions. A relative ly simple easement transaction will typically cost on the order of $1,500 per transaction if performed by outside counsel. Engineering Costs Engineering costs cover a variety of professional services, including:  Survey (including preparation of ea sement maps as described above)  Preliminary, Semi-Final and Final Design  Public Participation  Permitting (Local, State and Federal as required)  Preparation of Construction Documents  Bid Assistance  Construction Observation and Contract Administration Based upon similar project experience and the proposed greenway features, the engineering costs for the greenway are expected to be in the range of 8-12 % of the estimated construction cost. However, the actual cost of these services will vary widely depe nding on project phasing. To a large extent, the cost of permitting, preparing bid documents and administering the construction for a single phase is the same as the cost for the entire project. Similarly, survey and de sign are more cost effective if done at one time. For this reason, significant cost savings can be rea lized by developing the greenway as a single project. Construction Costs Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this report. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g., replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines, dated January 2010. In keeping with CTDOT’s cost estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic [4%], minor items [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Where appr opriate, adjustments to the typical unit prices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with other greenway Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 35 construction projects. The guidelines were supplemen ted where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre- fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Since these preliminary estimates are based on a planning -level understanding of trail components, rather than a detailed design, they should be considered “order of magnitude” estimates. ASTM Standard E2620 defines order of magnitude as being accurate to within plus 50% or minus 30% of actual cost. This broad range of potential costs is appropriate given the level of uncertainty in the design at this point in the process. Many factors can affect final construction costs, including:  Revisions to the design as required by local, state and federal permitting agencies  Additional requirements imposed by property owners as a condition of granting property rights (e.g., fencing, vegetated buffers, etc.)  Fluctuations in commodity prices during the design and permitting proces ses  Selected construction materials  Type and quantity of amenities (e.g., benches, lighting, bike racks, etc.)  Extent of landscaping desired As the project progresses through preliminary, semi-final, and final design phases, these uncertainties will begin to diminish. With each round of refinement, the range of expected construction costs will become more accurately known. 20. Community Phasing Plans The following table provides a description of phase limits, phase lengths, recommended construction priority, and estimated cost for each of the greenway trail phases in Th omaston. (The detailed cost estimation tables and location map are provided in Appendix C.) The table and appendix are also broken down into “Primary” and “Secondary” portions, i.e. tr ail elements that are necessary for the completion of the primary portion of the NRG trail vs. secondar y elements such as spurs, loops and streetscape improvements that are not integral to the full co mpletion of the trail within the town limits. Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost T‐ 1  Thomaston Dam  to  Railroad  Museum   1.5  3  $1,716,000  T‐2  East  Main  Street  Bridge  and  Elm  Street   0.5  2  $1,913,000   T‐3  Seth Thomas  Factory  to Watertown  Line   1.9  1  $1,900,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  3.9   $5,529,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Secondary*       $372,000  * These  secondary  items  are  highlighted  on  the  trail  segment  cost  estimate  table  on  the  second  page  of  Appendix  C.    21. Greenway Zoning Greenway/River Overlay Zoning A greenway/river overlay zone is a land use regulati on established by a municipality for the purpose of protecting a linear corridor for recreational and conservation purposes. These zones have also demonstrated ancillary benefits such as spurring economic development, facilitating redevelopment of underutilized parcels, improving flood management an d water quality and preserving critical habitat. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 36 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut When incorporated into municipal zoning regulations, overlay zones modify the underlying zone’s bulk standards and uses. This tool can be used to enco urage or dissuade various development scenarios. Relevant to greenway development, overlay zones may be used to:  Alter setback requirements.  Provide incentives in the form of higher developm ent density in exchange for public access to a greenway or river corridor.  Provide incentives for granting easements or providing related amenities for the greenway.  Stipulate landscaping requirements.  Require construction of greenway segments as a condition of site development. Excellent examples of the greenway overlay zoning that have served as model ordinances for communities across the nation include:  Portland, OR – http://www.portlandonline.com/bds/index.cfm?a=53351 (Chapter 33.440 of the Portland Zoning Regulations)  Davidson, NC – http://www.ci.davidson.nc.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1304 (Section 11 of the Town of Davidson Planning Ordinance) Riparian Habitat Zones A riparian habitat ordinance is narrowly focused on protecting the unique habitat present along stream channels and wetland areas. Unlike the Greenway and River Overlay zones described above, a riparian habitat zone does not contain sp ecific requirements for public acce ss or accommodation of a greenway and can be used in areas adjacent to the NRG or along tributaries of the Naugatuck River. Elements of effective riparian habitat ordinances include:  Defines a protected buffer.  Requires a written plan for the protection of the resource.  Requires approval of mitigation measures as a condition of project approval. An example riparian habitat ordinance from Napa, California can be found at the National Center for Appropriate Technology’s (NCAT) Smart Communities Network website: www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/codes/napaord.shtml . This site is a clearinghouse for sustainable development and energy conservation ideas. Complete Streets Complete streets are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users. 1 The State of Connecticut enacted Public Act 09-154 in June of 2009, “An A ct Improving Bicycle and Pedestrian Access”. This law requires transportation planners to accommodate all use rs as “a routine part of the planning, design construction and operating activities of all highways …” This change in focus from car-centric to user- centric planning helps create safer, healthier, gr eener and more livable communities. The law also mandates that at least 1% of highway funding be spent on pedestrian and bicycle facilitates. 1 National Complete Streets Coalition, “Complete Streets FAQ.” 2009.http://www.completestreets.org/complete-streets- fundamentals/complete-streets -faq/ (accessed May 19, 2010). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 37 Many municipalities are choosing to formalize their commitment to include all users in the transportation planning process by adopting Complete Streets ordinances. Whereas the overlay zoning regulations described above focus on protecting undeveloped or underdeveloped corridors, Complete Streets ordinances focus on improving facilities within public rights-of- way. Several excellent examples of successful municipal ordinances can be found at: www.completestreets.org/webdocs/policy/cs-chart-samplepolicy.pdf 22. Funding Sources Generally, greenways are funded through a combination of local, state, and federal sources. Many funding programs require a minimum local match (e.g., 80% federal funds, 20% local). In some instances communities have successfully leveraged grant money from private foundations or state programs as a match for other funding sources. Land donations or town public works cre w’s labor may be counted as local match under some funding programs. Community leaders and elected officials from Thomast on should pursue a variety of funding sources for land acquisition and greenway constr uction. Reliance on a single funding source can lead to a boom/bust cycle of construction as funding levels shift with the political winds. The following lists an overview of the major funding programs: Municipal Bonds Municipalities have access to the commercial financia l markets via bonds. Use of this funding mechanism is dependent upon strong community support in orde r to pass the required bond referendum. This is frequently used to obtain the required local ma tch for state and federal funding program. Greenway Trust Fund A strategy used by some communities is the creati on of a trust fund for land acquisition and facility operation. These are typically administered by a non-profit group or by a local greenway commission. These trusts can perform a variety of functions such as property acquisition, fund raising, volunteer organization, community outreach an d advocacy. Money may be contributed to the trust fund from a variety of sources, including the municipal general funds, private grant s and gifts. An ideal complete streets policy  Includes a vision for the comm unity’s complete streets.  Defines ‘all users.’  Encourages street conne ctivity for all modes.  Is adoptable by all agencies to cover all roads.  Applies to both new and retrofit projects.  Makes exceptions specific and re quires approval of exceptions.  Directs the use of the latest and best design standards.  Complements the contex t of the community.  Establishes performance standard s with measurable outcomes.  Includes specific next steps for implementation of the policy. Adopted from National Complete Streets Coalition Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 38 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Adopt-A-Trail Programs These programs are often administered by a local greenway commission and used to fund new construction, renovation, trail brochures, informationa l kiosks, and other amenities. These programs can also be extended to include sponsorship of trail segments for housekeeping needs. Federal Transportation Bill The Congress appropriates funding for federal transportation projects every 5 years. The federal transportation bill has been the primary source fo r greenways construction money in recent years. Various funding programs within the legislation relate to greenway devel opment, including the High Priority Projects (commonly referred to as “earmarks”), Recreational Trails, and Safe Routes to Schools programs. These funds are administered through the Connecticut DOT and the Connecticut DEP. The current iteration of the federal Transportation Bill, the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (S AFETEA-LU) expired on September 30, 2009. Funding has been continued by continuing resoluti ons until the next federal transportation bill is approved. The next transportation bill is currentl y being developed by Congress. This presents an opportunity for municipalities to discuss greenway fund ing under the High Priority Projects program with their representatives in Congress. Recreational Trails Program These annual grants are available to government and non-profit agencies, for amounts ranging from $5,000 to $50,000 or more, for the building of trails . It is a reimbursement grant program (sponsor must fund 100% of the project up front) and requires a 20 % local match. These grants are authorized by the SAFETEA-LU (reauthorization in progress, see abov e), and in Connecticut they are administered by the Department of Environmental Protection. Design Arts Program The National Endowment for the Arts provides gran ts to states and local agencies, individuals and nonprofit organizations for projects that incorpora te urban design, historic preservation, planning, architecture, landscape architecture and other community improvement activities, including greenway development. Grants to organizations and agencies must be matched by a 50-percent local contribution. Agencies can receive up to $50,000. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE) provid es grants as part of their USACOE Handshake Program. The link to find out more information can be found at: http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/ employees/challenge/handshake.cfm Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 39 23. Next Steps The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study is just the first step in the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) in Thomaston. The NRG will be a long-term, multi-phase project led by all of the municipalities in the corridor, in cooperation with state and federal agencies. It will require the continued involvement of members of the public, elected officials at all levels of government and community groups in order to support and guide the implementation effort. The following ‘next steps’ are recommended in order to move the effort forward in a sustainable fashion:  Adopt the Study: The City of Waterbury has recently adopted its plan for the portion of the NRG that runs through the city. Thomaston could do the same and amend their Plan of Conservation and Development to incorporate th e greenway alignment. The Town could also pursue endorsement of the Study by their Planning and Zoning Commission, Economic Development Commission and Recreation Commission.  Create the Right-of-Way: This will ensure that the proposed alignment for the trail is gradually assembled and made available for public access. This can be accomplished by using: o New zoning regulations to ensure that the greenway is accommodated into redevelopment proposals along the alignmen t (see Greenway Zoning section of the report for more detail). A greenway overlay dist rict, in particular, can be an effective tool for Thomaston to require that trail facilities are integrated into redevelopment projects. A greenway district could also shape the quality of the development by ensuring that only uses compatible to the gr eenway can be located along side of it. o Solicitations of easement or outright ownership should also be considered when key privately-owned parcels are on the market. This is especially critical for the residential properties at the west end of Rail road Annex. This is a tight spot for the Greenway alignment and an easement along the edge of these properties would be beneficial. The Town should consider purc hasing a right of first refusal for the property so that they have the option to purchase the property if and when it goes on the market. o Begin negotiations with public agencies to ensure that all necessary approvals and permits are completed in order to create an easement across public lands. This can be a lengthy process, especially in areas of environmental sensitivity or at brownfield sites. Stretches of the NRG that permit access to equestrians will need to be considered by the Town as well.  Find Project “Champions” to Raise Awareness and Money: The Town should identify an individual, commission or committee to oversee subsequent steps in th e design, funding and implementation process for the greenway. (The involvement of the local business community and/or Chamber of Commerce will be cr itical as well.) This will ensure continuity of effort even as elected officials and First Selectmen change. Fundraising, in particular, is an important component that should begin i mmediately. Available funding opportunities including: federal transportation funds, regional TIP funding (via COGCNV), economic stimulus grants, national recreational trails grants, and state open space grants should be pursued on an annual basis to ensure success (see Funding Sources section of the report for more detail).  Establish a Public-Private-Non-Profit Partnership: Establishment of a “Friends of the NRG” non-profit organization can be an effecti ve advocate for the project. In conjunction with the project “Champion”, this non-profit or ganization can coordinate volunteers, develop Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 40 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut an ‘adopt-a-mile’ program and raise funds thro ugh the sale of trail elements including benches, bridges, trailheads, public art, bike racks and trees.  Find “Early Win” Projects: Support for continued action at the local level will grow out of small successes that move the project or in dividual pieces of the project forward. Neighborhood cleanups and ‘adoption’ of futu re trail sections can help build long-term support. Frequent ribbon cuttings, festivals and events create long- term visibility for the project. Development of maps and other NRG pr omotional material will help to publicize the future trail and build excitement. Celebrating every opportunity, no matter how small, can be just as important as a major ribbon cutting for the finished project.  Negotiate with CTDOT : Thomaston officials and future design consultants will need to work closely with the Connecticut Department of Transportation to: o Ensure that the needs of th e railroad corridor are met. In particular, coordination with CTDOT on the federally-mandated Positive Train Control (PTC) Plan will be necessary to ensure that the PTC Plan does not preclude the greenway’ s routing and incorporates the trail’s recommended alignment. o Coordinate with the Highwa y Division on the use of state highway rights of way. The NRG alignment utilizes the shoulders of Hill Road/Route 222, Route 8’s exit 38 northbound on-ramp and the use of the state-owned East Main Street bridges for greenway access. Additionally, bicycle impr ovements such as shoulder striping and signage are recommended on North Main Street/Route 222.  Negotiate with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Town of Thomaston planners and future design consultants will also need to work closely with the US Army Corps of Engineers to ensure the continuity of the NRG into the Federal lands that surround the Thomaston Dam. The alignment will need to be incorporated into the Corps of Engineer’s master plan for the Thomaston Dam. According to the Corps, their master planning process will include land surveys, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses, cost sharing and alternative analyses as well as real estate out-granting of a le ase of license for the trail. All of this will be subject to public input and a hearing. With these actions moving forward, the Naugatuck River Greenway will be a significant asset for the Thomaston’s residents, businesses and visitors. Th e trail will enhance non-motorized transportation opportunities and bring a recreational amenity that rivals any within the state of Connecticut. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 41 Appendices Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 42 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Appendix A – Community Input Detailed A key component of the Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) and the consultant team’s efforts was community involvement and seeking input on the identification of a feasible greenway routing. After a number of years of ina ctivity, the Regional Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway Committee (RNRGC) was reconvened to help steer routing study. Representa tives on RNRGC included officials from Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls as well as representatives from state and federal agencies, such as Connecticut DOT and DEP, National Parks Service and the Army Corps of Engineers. Staff members of two U.S. Representatives that re present the Naugatuck River Valley were also on the committee. The committee m et every six to eight weeks and all m eetings were open to the public. The RNRGC played an important role in guiding the direction of the routing study and in keeping municipalities, government agencies and U.S. Representatives informed about study progress. Supplementing the RNRGC input was a series of pub lic workshops. One workshop was held in each of the four study communities. The first two public wo rkshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while th e next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston. The second two public workshops were held on Marc h 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of the meeting was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they woul d like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, these four community workshops, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a result. One attendee even sug gested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps and study reports were also posted on the project website which was established at the beginning of the process and maintained unt il the very end of the process. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the wo rkshops, via email, and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of works hops in the Republican American and weekly town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. The second half of each workshop featured a sma ll-group exercise. Using large maps as references, community members were asked to discuss the following questions and mark up the maps with their suggestions, ideas and concerns. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 43 1. What are the key places/destinations that the Greenway trail should connect to? 2. Where are the critical gaps between th ese places and the Naugatuck River? 3. Where along the river are the best places for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc. 4. What are your comments on the draft recommended routing? 5. Where along the proposed greenway are the best pl aces for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc.? Each meeting wrapped up after the smaller groups reported back to the entire group with their comments on local conditions as well as recommendations for potential routing options and the placement and nature of greenway amenities. Subsequent to the four community workshops, me mbers of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail connections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A meeting was also held with representatives of th e Railroad Museum of New England, the operator of the Naugatuck Railroad. They explained their future plans for the museum and support for the greenway project. The museum representatives also explained their safety concerns and maintenance requirements for the rail with trails sections of the greenway route. After comments were gathered from the workshops and other key stakeholders, draft reports for the four municipalities and the overall region were written and made available for public comment. Printed copies were available at Town Clerks’ offices as well as at the Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls public libraries. The project website included links to electronic copies of the draft reports. A fifth and final public meeting was held in Waterbury on September 14, 2010, in conjunction with the monthly meeting of the Regional Planning Commission. This provided a final opportunity for the public to weigh-in on the final draft reco mmendations of the Greenway Routing Study. During the month of October, public presentations of the final recommendations were made in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. (The alignment for the Naugatuck River Gree nway in Waterbury had been determined in an earlier study and adopted in early 2010.) These gave their respective communities and elected officials the opportunity to see the final r ecommendations in a Powerpoint slideshow format. Simultaneously, electronic copies of the final report s for the individual municipalities as well as the Regional Report and Executive Summary were made available on the project website. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 44 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps ID Owner’s Name Parcel Location Mailing Address City State Zip Land UseMap/ Block Lot Parcel Area (Acres) 0 THOMASTON TOWN OF 200 OLD WATERBURY RD PO BOX 136 THOMASTON CT 06787 COMM. LAND 65-01-01 9.570 1 ENTERPRISES OLD WATERBURY RD 250 BLUE BELL PA 19422 IND. LAND 65-01-02 2.060 2 THOMASTON TOWN OF 237 SOUTH MAIN ST PO BOX 136 THOMASTON CT 06787 COMM. LAND 48-03-14 2.686 3 NITSA LLC 205 SOUTH MAIN ST 205 SOUTH MAIN ST THOMASTON CT 06787 COMM. LAND 48-03-19 2.495 4 LLC 135 SOUTH MAIN ST 135 SOUTH MAIN ST THOMASTON CT 06787 IND. LAND 48-03-21 13.584 5 THOMASTON ENTERPRISES OLD WATERBURY RD 490 NORRISTOWN RD STE 250 BLUE BELL PA 19422 VACANT RES. LAND 65-01-03 4.910 6 STATE OF CONNECTICUT 359 SOUTH MAIN ST 359 SOUTH MAIN ST THOMASTON CT 06787 COMM. LAND 48-03-06 6.013 7 THOMASTON INDUSTRIAL SPACE LLC 401 MCMAHON DR 401 MCMAHON DRIVE THOMASTON CT 06787 COMM. LAND 48-03-07 2.065 8 TYLER AUTOMATICS INC 437 SOUTH MAIN ST 437 SOUTH MAIN STREET THOMASTON CT 06787 VACANT RES. LAND 55-02-07 2.158 9 4.505 10 LYLES DONNA L & NOLAN DONNA A (JT) 60 RAILROAD ST ANNEX 60 RAILROAD ST ANNEX THOMASTON CT 06787 RES. LAND 24-03-01 0.572 11 KELLER GEORGE W JR & ANNE S 74 RAILROAD ST ANNEX 74 RAILROAD ST ANNEX THOMASTON CT 06787 RES. LAND 24-03-02 1.430 12 DLM SERVICES LLC HILL RD 210 CARTER RDTHOMASTON CT 06787 VACANT RES. LAND 24-03-03 1.904 13 P & A REALTY COMPANY LLC 235 EAST MAIN ST PO BOX 218 MIDDLEVILLAGE NY 11379 IND. LAND 32-04-01 12.434 14 DLM SERVICES LLC HILL RD 210 CARTER RDTHOMASTON CT 06787 VACANT RES. LAND 17-04-01 9.185 15 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BLAKEMAN RD HILL RD THOMASTON CT 06787 VACANT RES. LAND 17-06-01 26.712 16 2.840 17 10.853 18 11.853 Table 2: Land Parcel Inventory (see maps on following pages). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 45 Figure 9: Land Parcel Inventory Map 1 for Thomaston Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 46 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Figure 10: Land Parcel Inventory Map 2 for Thomaston Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 47 Figure 11: Land Parcel Inventor y Map 3 for Thomaston/Watertown Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 48 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut This page intentionally blank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 49 Appendix C – Detailed Cost Estimate Tables Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this report. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g. replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines , dated January 2010. In keeping with CTDOT’s co st estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic [4%], minor items [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit prices were made to reflect current market conditions and the con sultant team’s experience with other greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemen ted where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre- fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 50 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 51 Figure 12:Trail segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 52 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 53 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 54 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 55 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 56 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 57 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 58 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 59 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 60 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 61 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 62 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 63 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 64 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 65 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 66 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 67 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 68 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 69 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 70 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 71 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 72 | Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Thomaston, Connecticut | 73

Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 1 Table of Contents 1. Overvi ew …………………………………………………………… …………………….. 5 2. Mission an d Goals …………………………………………………………….. ………….. 7 3. Study Meth odology …………………………………………………………….. …………. 8 4. Study Area ……………………………………………………………… …………………. 9 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis …………………………………………………… 12 6. Obstacles to Access and Co nnectivity (Gap Analysis) ………………………………….. 18 7. Affected Prop erty Data …………………………………………………………… ……. 20 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost ……………………………………………… 21 9. Brownfields and Environmental Cons traints ……………………………………………. 22 10. Safety and Security ……………………………………………………………… …….. 23 11. Permitting Issues ……………………………………………………………… ………. 24 12. Coordination with Other Studies ………………………………………………………. 27 13. Community Input ……………………………………………………………… ………. 30 14. Opportunities an d Challenges …………………………………………………………. 31 15. Recommended Gr eenway Routing …………………………………………………….. 36 15a. Recommended Greenway Routing – Thomaston ……………………………………… 37 15b. Recommended Greenway Routing – Watertown …………………………………….. 46 15c. Recommended Greenway Routing – Waterbury ……………………………………… 55 15d. Recommended Greenway Routing – Naugatuck ……………………………………… 62 15e. Recommended Greenway Ro uting – Beacon Falls ……………………………………. 72 16. Use of the Ra il Corridor ………………………………………………………….. …… 83 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits ……………………………………………………. 88 18. Trail Section Pr ioritization …………………………………………………………….. 88 19. Cost Es timate …………………………………………………………….. …………… 91 20. Community Phasing Pl ans ………………………………………………………….. …. 93 21. Greenway Zoning …………………………………………………………….. ……….. 94 22. Funding Sources ……………………………………………………………… ………… 95 23. Next Steps ………………………………………………………….. …………………. 98 Appendices Appendix A – Community Input Detailed …………………………………………………. 102 Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps ……………………………………………. 104 Appendix C – Detailed Co st Estimate Tables ……………………………………………… 114 Appendix C1 – Thomaston Detail ed Cost Estimate Tables ……………………………….. 116 Appendix C2 – Watertown Detail ed Cost Estimate Tables ……………………………….. 140 Appendix C3 – Naugatuck Detail ed Cost Estimate Tables ………………………………… 143 Appendix C4 – Beacon Falls Deta iled Cost Estimate Tables ……………………………… 193 List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. ……………………. 5 Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis – Thomaston. ………………………………………. 14 Figure 3: Greenway Routing Analysis – Watertown. ………………………………………. 15 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 2 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 4: Greenway Routing Analysis – Naugatuck. ……………………………………….. 16 Figure 5: Greenway Routing Analysis – Beacon Falls. ……………………………………… 17 Figure 6: Opportunities and Challenges in Th omaston. …………………………………… 32 Figure 7: Opportunities and Challenges in Wa tertown. …………………………………… 33 Figure 8: Opportunities and Challenges in Naugatuck. ……………………………………. 34 Figure 9: Opportunities and Challenges in Beacon Fa lls. …………………………………. 35 Figure 10: Recommended Greenway Ro uting Concept in Thomaston. …………………… 38 Figure 11: Existing (top) and proposed view looking southwest to the new at-grade crossing of Hill Road. ……………………………………………………….. 40 Figure 12: Site cross-section sh owing the recommended greenway alignment adjacent to the commerci al properties between the river and South Main Street at far left. …………………………………………………………. 41 Figure 13: View looking west to the Pi ne Hill/Waterbury Road intersection from below Route 8 (top) with proposed trail runs within the shoulder of the on ramp to Rout e 8 northbound. ……………………………………………………… 43 Figure 14: Recommended Greenway Ro uting Concept in Watertown. …………………… 47 Figure 15: Trail cross-section north of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) showing the greenway trail’s relation ship to the Naugatuck River, the Naugatuck Railroad and Route 8. ……………………………………………………… 48 Figure 16: Greenway trail intersection with Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and the Naugatuck Railroad. Improvem ents include: a greenway-user activated traffic signal and railroad crossing warning lights, signage and gates. ……….. 49 Figure 17: Trail cross-section south of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and potential new park space along the we st bank of the Naugatuck River. ………………… 50 Figure 18: Potential greenway bridge between Watertown and Waterbury utilizing a rocky outcropping at the be nd in the river adjacent to the intersection of Thomaston Avenue and Spru ce Brook Road (not seen at right). …………. 51 Figure 19: Adopted Greenway Rout ing Concept in Waterbury. …………………………… 56 Figure 20: Narrowing the wide trav el lanes along Chase River Road provides the necessary space to a ccommodate the Waterbury NRG trail at the top of th e river bank. ……………………………………………………………… . 58 Figure 21: Unique lighting is re commended at key locations along the Waterbury NRG such as at the Jackson Street underpass where vehicles and bikes will sh are the street space. …………………………………………… 59 Figure 22: The trail from Washingt on Avenue will run adjacent to Railroad Hill Avenue before crossing the river over the Eagle Street bridge. ……………. 60 Figure 23: Low traffic volumes along South Main Street provides an opportunity to reconfigure the roadway with three travel lanes to provide space for the trail. …….. 61 Figure 24: Recommended Greenway Ro uting Concept in Naugatuck. ……………………. 63 Figure 25: Cross-section showing the greenway trail at the edge of the Metro-North ra il c orridor. …………………………………………………………… … 64 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 3 Figure 26: Proposed photographic simu lation of the NRG trail alongside the Waterbury Branch rail line nort h of the Prospect Street Bridge, potentially as far north as the Bristo l Street bridge in Waterbury. ………………………. 65 Figure 27: New street trees, bike lane s and other sidewalk improvements will enhance the connection from the greenway trail to the train station along Water Street. ……………………………………………………………. ………….. 66 Figure 28: Site cross-section of the Naugatuck River showing the NRG on the left, adjacent to the Borough’ s proposed recreational fields. ……………………. 67 Figure 29: Trail alignment at the so uth end of Naugatuck illustrating the proposed location for a new br idge across the Naugatuck River. (Note: Downtown Naugatuck is to the ri ght, the State Forest to the left.) ……………… 68 Figure 30: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept in Beacon Falls. ………………….. 73 Figure 31: Cross-sectional view of th e Naugatuck River Valley illustrating the large span bridge featur ed in the West Option. ………………………………………. 77 Figure 32: Existing and photo-simulati on view of the west end of the long-span bridge over Route 8, the river and the railroad line. The structural piers are configured to accommodate a second track in the future. …………………….. 78 Figure 33: Existing and photo-simulation view of the rail corridor adjacent to Lopus Road (at left) between the O&G wash plant (background) and Toby’s Pond and Re creational Park. ………………………………………………………. 80 Figure 34: Rail with Trail Alig nment Diagram for Watertown. ……………………………. 85 Figure 35: Rail with Trail Alig nment Diagram for Naugatuck. ……………………………. 86 Figure 36: Rail with Trail Alignm ent Diagram for Beacon Falls. ………………………….. 87 Figure 37: Regional NRG Tr ail Priority Sections …………………………………………… 90 Figure 38: Land Parcel Inve ntory Map 1 for Thomaston………………………………….. 106 Figure 39: Land Parcel Inve ntory Map 2 for Thomaston………………………………….. 107 Figure 40: Land Parcel Inventory Map 3 for Thomaston/Watertown …………………….. 108 Figure 41: Land Parcel Inventory Map 4 for Thomaston/Watertown …………………….. 109 Figure 42: Land Parcel Inve ntory Map 5 for Naugatuck ………………………………….. 110 Figure 43: Land Parcel Inventory Ma p 6 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls …………………… 111 Figure 44: Land Parcel Inventory Ma p 7 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls …………………… 112 Figure 45: Land Parcel Invent ory Map 8 for Beacon Falls ………………………………… 113 Figure 46: Thomaston Trail Segment Cost Estimate Locati on Diagram. …………………. 117 Figure 47: Watertown Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. …………………. 141 Figure 48: Naugatuck Trail Segment Co st Estimate Location Diagram. …………………. 169 Figure 49: Beacon Falls Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. ……………….. 195 List of Tables Table 1: Trail Section Pr ioritization Matrix ……………………………………………….. 89 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 4 | Final Regional Overview Report This page intentionally blank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 5 1. Overview The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Stud y report recommends routing for the Naugatuck River Greenway trail through the Central Naug atuck Valley Region (CNVR) in West-Central Connecticut. The routing is the product of a year-long effort to study, analyze and develop routing recommendations for a Naugatuck River Greenway trail in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The regional routing report also includ es the recommended greenway in Waterbury, which was completed in a separate process. The overall goal of this report is to identify a route for a 22-mile long regional greenway trail in the CNVR. It is en visioned that this greenway will ultimately extend 44 miles from Torrington in the north to Derby in the south. The two primary goals of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) are: 1) To develop a non-motorized transportation facility for walkers and cyclists. 2) To provide public access to the Naugatuck River. The NRG will provide residents throughout the region with a safe pedestrian and bicycle path that will connect to neighboring municipalities. The NRG will facilitate river access for fishing and small boat launches. The recommended alignment in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls remains within viewing distance of the river for almost the entire proposed route. This allows users to appreciate the beauty of the Naugatuck River, even when being directly alongside of it is not possible or practical. In most areas along the length of the alignment, the preferred greenway route was apparent due to the relative ease of developing a trail along one side of the river versus the opposite bank. In a handful of locations, however, routing options were presented and narrowed down after input from the general public, the Regional Naugatuc k River Greenway Committee, town officials and Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) staff. For the Study, a greenway is defined as “ a corridor of land that connects people and nature together,” and a trail is defined as “ a linear facility for non-motori zed transportation and recreation .” The future trail’s design will be context sensitive; in some sections it may be a paved, shared-use path for pedestrians and bicyclists, while in others, the trail may be a rustic, natural-surface path amenable to equestrians. The Study also makes recommendations for the trail and related improvements such as trailheads, parking areas, canoe/kayak landings, on-street bike improvements and other spur connections. Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 6 | Final Regional Overview Report Throughout the planning process, care was taken to ensure that recommendations coming from this Study fully considered recommendations from the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing/ Feasibility Study as well as the various greenway-planning efforts occurring separately in the four study municipalities. The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study also recommends connections to nearby parks, schools, state forests and town centers along the route. The Naugatuck River is the Central Naugatuck Valley Region’s primary natural resource. While in many stretches the river has an industrial nature, in others it takes on the traits of a wild river running through far less developed areas, such as northern New England or the Berkshires. Today, there is a new appreciation of the value of this resource in the heart of Western Connecticut. COGCNV recognizes this portion of the Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway as the core of an inter-connected greenway system that will eventually connect to Oxford, Middlebury and Southbury via the Larkin State Park Trail and to Connecticut Forest and Park’s Blue-Blazed hiking trail network. When complete, the Naugatuck River Greenway will:  Serve as alternative green transportation facility.  Provide recreation opportunities for residents and visitors.  Improve the quality of life in local communities.  Increase property values adjoining the greenway.  Help retain and attract new businesses and residents.  Raise awareness and help build appreciation of the value of the Naugatuck River. The scenic quality of some se ctions of the Naugatuck River rivals that of rivers nearl y an ywhe re in New En gland. Greenway-oriented ec onomic development adjacent to the Sue Gro ssman Still River Greenway in Torrington. (photo: Peter Kisselburgh) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 7 2. Mission and Goals The following Mission and Goals provide a measurable set of guidelines for the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway. Mission: Develop an interconnected greenway trail along the Naugatuck River corridor from Thomaston to Beacon Falls that incorporates existing and planned trails and open spaces, and connects to nearby parks, schools, do wntowns, public transportation and other destinations in order to create opportuniti es for non-motorized transportation and for communities to reconnect with the na tural environment along the river. Goal 1: Connect Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury , Naugatuck and Beacon Falls with a contiguous multiuse greenway trail. Furt hermore, access points and connectivity to commuter and tourist train stations and bus ro utes are necessary for the proposed trail to be a successful transportation and recreational facility. Goal 2: Increase the number of people walking an d bicycling for transportation and recreation and the number of children walking and bicycling to school in the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region, helping to reduce traffic congestion, greenhouse-gas emissions and sedentary lifestyles. Goal 3: Support each community’s economic developm ent efforts by routing the greenway to serve their downtown areas. Goal 4: Incorporate context-sensitive design in th e planning and development of the greenway trail. The trail will be sensitive to local conditions. Individual sections of the trail may be designed as a rustic, natural-surface trail or as a paved, shared-use path based on local conditions. Some stretches could be designed to encourage equestrians, depending on local conditions. Interpretive elements will reflect each community’s unique heritage and culture, while a consistent greenway logo will establish a consistent identity along the entire greenway trail. Goal 5: Reconnect the communities of the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region to the Naugatuck River. Provide access to the river for recreati onal, educational and public safety purposes. Encourage municipalities and residents to better protect the river corridor. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 8 | Final Regional Overview Report 3. Study Methodology The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study followed a methodology that included community workshops, site walks, stakeholder meetings, reviews of relevant planning documents and field observations to identify short-term and long-term alternatives for development of the regional greenway. Planning tools such as GIS-based data analysis and review of aerial photography were employed as well. The mission and goals outlined in the previous section guided the planning process. A series of site walks and meeti ngs with stakeholders in each of the communities occurred in the fall of 2009 and continued on an as-needed basis through the summer of 2010. Public workshops for the data- gathering stage were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively and on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Water town, respectively. Additionally, the project website ( http://www.cogcnv.org/greenway ) was maintained throughout the duration of the Study. A core element of the Routing Study was to identify gaps in the current greenway system and propose short- and long-term alternatives for closing the gaps and connecting existing or planned sections of the greenway. Gaps were evaluated for:  Land ownership issues  User accessibility  Environmental concerns  Physical barriers such as topography, major roads and rail lines, etc.  Permitability, constructability and cost  Adjacent planned development  Community support or opposition  Overall character, including view opportunities  Adjacency to points of interest  Potential or lack of access points After the Gap Evaluation, an analysis of opportuniti es and challenges within the project corridor was conducted to refine the routing alternatives. Worki ng with COGCNV planners and the Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, the alternatives were narrowed do wn to a recommended greenway alignment that had the community’s support. In conjunction with th e routing recommendations, a phasing plan for implementation, along with cost estimates for each phase were developed. The phasing recommendations take into account that greenway planning, design and development often occurs over extended periods of time and early successes can help to maintain overall project support, funding and momentum. The planning and conceptual design of the trail fo llows appropriate trail-related design guidelines. For example, the typical cross-section for the NRG is based on the AASHTO 1999 Guide for the Development of One of the break-out group tables at the community meeting held in Thomaston on November 18, 2009. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 9 Bicycle Facilities, which recommends a ten foot-wide shared-use pa th with two-foot soft shoulders (14 feet total) with a minimum dimension of eight feet to clea r pinch points. This does not preclude, however, the possibility that some sections of the trail may includ e stretches that are narrower and made of permeable surfaces due to local conditions and other constraints. 4. Study Area The study area is a 22-mile corridor along the Naugat uck River within the municipalities of Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The corridor is approximately one-half to one mile in width but can vary to allow for a full range of opportunities for con sideration, including the potential for trails on both sides of the river or along roads, highways and rail corridors. Recommendations for the greenway alignment begin in the north at the Thomaston Dam in Thomaston and extend south to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park in Beacon Falls. Connections further north to Torrington and south to Derby are being coordinated by the Litchfield Hills Council of Elected Officials and the Valley Council of Governments, respectively. Within the nearly four-mile long river corridor in Thomaston, the study area focused on an approximately half-mile wide corridor between North/South Main Street on the west bank and the rail line on the east bank and the Route 222 / Hill Road corridor to the Thomaston Dam. Within the corridor, the study area is varied from an environmental and land-use point of view. At the northern-most end, the river corridor runs through fe deral lands that are undeveloped except for the dam structure. Running downriver (south), the character of the river’s edges becomes more industrial as it passes through downtown Thomaston, where factories and mills were built in the 19 th century. Just north of downtown, Route 8 passes over the river and turns to the south, running along the east bank for nearly two miles until it crossing again to the west side of the river. South of downtown, on the west bank, there are a collection of commercial and industrial uses along the river, most fronting either South Main or River streets. Downriver from the Reynolds Bridge, the Naugatuck River corridor then proceeds into Watertown as it cuts a channel into the hills of the Mattatuck State Forest. Within the river corridor in Watertown, the study area for a potential greenway trail was limited to an approximately half-mile wide corridor between Route 8 on the west to Waterbury Road (in Thomaston) on the east. Additionally, on-road bicycle improvements were studied along roadways perpendicular to the river corridor, exten ding west to the center of Watertown. The more-than- three mile length of this corridor is relatively consistent and comprised primarily of wooded areas cut by the rail line, the Route 8 corridor and a dirt acce ss road. Downriver from the Thomaston-Watertown Town Line along Branch Brook, the Naugatuck cuts a channel into the hills of the Mattatuck State Forest. In this section, with Watertown fronting the west bank and Thomaston the east, there is very Industrial uses along the river in downtown Thomaston. View of the rail line through the wooded area north of Frost Bridge Road in Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 10 | Final Regional Overview Report limited development because of the steep slopes and the presence of the rail line and Route 8. The state highway is at a much higher grade than the river in most places and its visual and auditory impact is relatively minimal. The beautiful scenery contin ues until the Waterbury line, where the Waterbury Industrial Commons flood wall dominates the riverscape. Within the 3.3-mile long river corri dor in Naugatuck, the study area includes a variety of settings and contexts. At the very north end, both river banks are lined with a relatively-dense canopy trees as neither the rail line nor any busy roadways sit immediately adjacent to the river. On the west bank, the rail line is separated from the river by an abandoned rail right-of-way and a stand of mature trees until it reaches downtown. At the south end of Platts Mill Road, however, Route 8 runs very close to the river and dominates the east riverbank for approximately a mile until Linden Park. From north to south, Lind en Park is the first of a trio of existing and future park spaces along the river. This includes Breen Field and the proposed recreation fields at the former Uniroyal/Naugatuck Chemical plant site. In between the riverside park spaces, there is a mix of commercial and industrial land uses fronting the river with downtown and residential neighborhoods sitting beyond. Along Maple Street there are a few large parcel slated for redevelopment, including those slated for the mixed-use Renaissan ce Center Development project. South of General Datacom and Breen Field, the river corridor includes the former Uniroyal site and sewage treatment plant on the west bank and Route 8 with the Grove and St . James cemeteries beyond on the east bank. At the far southern end of the Borough the corridor includes a commuter park-and-ride lot and Cotton Hollow Field along Cross Street. Also located there is the old Route 8 right-of-way that provides access to the eastern half of the Naugatuck State Forest. Within the 4.5-mile long river corridor in Beacon Falls, the northern half of the study area for a potential greenway trail was limited to an approximately half-mile wide river corridor between the steeply-sloping hills of the Naugatuck State Forest. Beyond the river corridor, however, on-road bicycle improvements and hiking trail enhancements were studied within the State Forest. On the eastern side of the river valley, lies the current Route 8 Expressway and an abandoned portion of Old Route 8. To the west lies the Metro-North Railroad Waterbury Branch and a single land, unpaved access road (Cold Spring Road). There are also a number of Blue-Blazed hiking trails in the Naugatuck State River corridor looking north from the Whittemore Bridge in Naugatuck with southbound Ro ute 8 exit ramp at right. Where Route 8 runs away from the Naugatuck River, the river retains its natural setting through much of Beacon Falls. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 11 Forest, including the popular High Rock trail on the west side. Limited parking and poor access keep the number of hikers and mountain bikers to a relati ve minimum on the eastern portion of the State Forest. South of the State Forest boundary, the study area flattens out consider ably and the adjacent land uses become more varied. Flanking the river in this area are residential neighborhoods and small-scale commercial sites on the east bank wh ile industrial users are more prevalent on the west. Despite this, there is still a verdant quality to the river landscape as most buildings are set back from the river and the riverbank retains its natural look. While Route 8 hugs the river through the State Forest, through downtown Route 8 sits away from the edge of the ri ver and does not dominate the river landscape. Route 8 crosses back to the east and the Naugatuck River tu rns sharply at Riverbend Park. The corridor ends at Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, the southern terminus of the study area. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 12 | Final Regional Overview Report 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis The analysis of Potential Greenway Routes is based on meetings and walking tours with stakeholders, field observations and the examinatio ns of aerial photos and GIS-based maps. This analysis is based on the long-term desire to incorporate a 8-12’ wide st one dust or paved trail in close proximity to the Naugatuck River, but a narrower dirt hiking trail or on-street bike lanes in the short term are not precluded. These may be necessary to avoid diffi cult stretches where property ownership issues, engineering challenges or envi ronmental constraints exist. The four Greenway Routing Analysis Maps (Figures 2-5, pages 14 to 17) include:  Identification of cultural and historic destinations and scenic areas that should be connected to the greenway.  Existing, planned or proposed local greenways.  Portions of the corridor for which no apparent routing options currently exist, i.e. gaps.  Identification of potential spurs and loops that connect to other greenw ays, amenities and destinations. For the latter two bullets points, the maps feature el ements along the river that present existing and potential conditions along the Naugatuck River. Poten tial conditions and example situations from the region are presented below:  No apparent routing option along the river – typically due to the placement of Route 8 along the edge of the river or very steep slopes that may present significant challenges (note that this does not preclude the possibility of a narrow, short-term path as mentioned above).  Potential ‘rail with trail’ along active rail line – an active rail line with an adjacent level shelf, unutilized spur or maintenance way that is potentially wide enough to accommodate the greenway trail with an appropriate setback (ideally 20-25’ but potentially as low as 10’) from the rail line. Example: North of the Prospect Street Bridge in Naugatuck where Route 8 runs very close to the river’s edge. Example: The rail corridor through parts of Naugatuck may offer an opportunity for a rail-with-trail greenway section. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 13  Potential trail adjacent to the river – portions of the riverbank where spatial and topographical constraints do not prevent the routing of the trail close to the river’s edge.  Potential connection along existing access road or street rights of way (ROW) – areas where the greenway may be able to use an adjacent access road or the portion of an adjacent road ROW with sufficient width to accommodate a trail.  Potential spur trail/street improvements – these are on-road improvements that may involve creating bicycle lanes and improved pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks. These on-road improvements can help to connect the greenway to other trails, schools, cultural destinations and downtown areas. Example: Portions of the greenway trail within Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park are likely to run adjacent to the river. Example: A dirt maintenance roadway that runs between the rail line and Route 8 in Watertown is an opportunity for the trail. Example: Streetscape enhancements along Elm Street in Thomaston will improve connections between the future Naugatuck River Greenway and the Clock Walk. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 14 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis – Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 15 Figure 3: Greenway Routing Analysis – Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 16 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 4: Greenway Routing Analysis – Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 17 Figure 5: Greenway Routing Analysis – Beacon Falls. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 18 | Final Regional Overview Report 6. Obstacles to Access and Connectivity (Gap Analysis) Throughout the 22-mile NRG corridor, there are a number of obstacles to establishing a contiguous trail along the Naugatuck River. Thomaston Beginning at the north end of the corridor, it is possibl e to walk along a series of informal trails along the east bank of the river, below the Thomaston Dam, between the Vista Picnic Area and the Hill Road (Route 222) bridge over the Naugatuck River. Howev er, access downriver (south) from this area is difficult on foot or bike on either riverbank because of private property, the Route 8 interchange (exit 40) and the rail line. There is only one river access point between Route 222 and the East Main Street Bridge via Railroad Street Annex. An unused access road through the Plume & Atwood site provides some opportunity for access in the future. South of the East Main Street Bridge, steep slopes and private property create obstacles to access immediately adjacent to the river. Following the Cl ock Walk along Elm Street is recommended for the greenway as an alternative to the st eep riverfront corridor. The east ba nk of the river from here to the Reynolds Bridge is constrained by the close proximi ty of the rail line, Route 8 and the Naugatuck River. The west bank does offer some opportunities for conn ectivity, but some obstacles are present including private property along the river, South Main Street’ s narrow right of way and the on/off ramps for Route 8 (exit 38). Watertown Throughout the more-than-three mile corridor in Water town, there are a handful of obstacles including Branch Brook at the Town Line, busy traffic along Fr ost Bridge Road (Rte. 262), and the need to cross the river to connect to the recommended alignment of the greenway in Waterbury. The future trail will also run for nearly a two mile stretch from Reynolds Bridge Road to Frost Bridge Road without access to an adjacent or intersecting public street. This ma y create a safety perception problem as potential greenway users could feel anxious about the lack of acce ss points in and out of the trail in the case of an emergency. Additional obstacles exist for those wishing to access the NRG corridor by car or transit, since no parking or trail head currently exist in Watertown. Only one access point is recommended in Watertown proper, a primary trailhead and parking area to be incorporated into the planned CT Transit Waterbury Bus Maintenance Garage along Frost Bridge Road. The new bus garage will also provide transit access from Waterbury to this portion of the greenway route. Trailheads located just north of Branch Brook (at the Thomaston Sewer Plant) and adjacent to the railroad bridge over the Naugatuck River in Thomaston, will also provide access to the trail. The recommended NRG trail route will follow an existing unpaved access road that runs between Route 8 and the Naugatuck River for over two miles. Currently, the access road is used occasionally by dirt bikes and all-terrain vehicles, so decisions will need to be made in the future with regards to wh ich users—motorized, non-motorized or both—have the Site of the future CT Transit Waterbury Bus Maintenance Garage off of Frost Bridge Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 19 right to use the greenway trail. This dirt access road terminates at Frost Bridge Road and the rail line continues south to Waterbury in a right of way with an adjacent shoulder that could potentially accommodate a trail. While this corridor works well fo r a linear greenway trail, the presence of Route 8 to the west and the topographical conditions makes c onnections to adjacent neighborhoods difficult, except along Route 262. At the south end of this section, a pedestrian-bike bridge will be needed to connect to the future NRG trail in Waterbury. On the east side of the river from Reynolds Brid ge to Frost Bridge (Town of Thomaston property), potential access for non-motorized users is also signific antly constrained. For much of this stretch, either Waterbury Road or the rail line (or both) lie very close to the river’ s east bank. In some spots, the road pulls away from the river and provides access for those on foot, particularly the blue blazed Whitestone Cliff Trail as it passes over Frost Bridge and turns north before passing under Waterbury Road. South of Frost Bridge, Waterbury Road runs in a relatively na rrow corridor with some pinch points, but nothing so extreme as to completely preclude a trail route along Waterbury Road. Waterbury An analysis of obstacles in Waterbu ry’s 7-mile greenway corridor was conducted separately as part of the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routin g/Feasibility Study. The greenway routing recommendations from that study are pres ented in chapter 15c of this report. Naugatuck Throughout the 3.3-mile corridor in Naugatuck, there are a handful of obstacles to access and connectivity for a seamless Naugatuck River Greenway trail. The primary obstacles are the line along the west bank of the river and the Rou te 8 expressway on the east bank. Starting from the Waterbury line, few constraints to NRG access exist along Platts Mill Road until it meets Route 8. Portions of Route 8 pass very close to the river’s east bank, providing only space for a narrow hiking trail from Platt’s Mill Road until the north end of Linden Park. On the west side, the active rail line runs along the river from the Waterbury/Nau gatuck boundary to Maple Street, where it passes overhead on a trestle. Long stretches of the rail line include a wide shoulder or a separated dirt access road for service vehicles. This offers some potential for trail connectivity in the future such as connecting north to Waterbury via the Bristol Street Bridge. Immediately south of downtown Naugatuck, private property along the river or the rail line creates obstacles to river access on both banks. However, the So uth Main Street right of way is a simple way to avoid the private properties on the east side and to access Breen Field. Access through the park works well for cars, walkers and bikes. At the southern end of Breen Field, Route 8 rejoins the river and runs immediately adjacent to it, in some places cantilevering out over it. Route 8 remains an obstacle to riverside access on the east bank for the remaining st retch of the river in Naugatuck. On the west bank, the obstacles created by the rail line continue to the Naugatuck State Forest, but access for vehicles, bikes and pedestrians is limited—but physically possible—on a pair of underpasses below the rail line on the former Uniroyal/Naugatuck Chemical site. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 20 | Final Regional Overview Report Beacon Falls Obstacles to river access and connectivity continue within Beacon Falls proper, though some portions of the Naugatuck River are accessible to the community. Old Route 8/North Main Street on the east bank provides access along the sidewalk from Volunteer Park to Veteran’s Park. South of the Depot Street Bridge, a relatively narrow shoulder of the four-lane road will soon be transformed into a greenway link within the right of way from the bridge to South Main Street’s intersection with Route 42. South of this spot, traffic increases and South Main becomes a more significant obstacle for non- motorized movement along the river or from the adjacent neighborhood to the northeast. From Riverbend Park on the east bank south to the town line, a collection of homes and other private property, as well as the Route 8, present obstacles to river access. On the west bank of the river across from the center of Beacon Falls, numerous privately-owned parcels limit connectivity along the river. Railroad Avenue runs parallel to the uses along the west bank of the river. This street brings motorist and hikers to the small parking area that serves the existing hiking trail behind the Murtha Industrial Park and bring hikers back to Railroad Avenue and the Route 8 overpass. South of this point Railroad Avenue becomes a private road that accesses O&G Industries’ wash plant property. This private road runs parallel to the Metro-North Railroad. The private road ends at Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. 7. Affected Property Data The parcels falling within or adjacent to the study area boundary have been identified and shown in Figures 38 – 45 provided in Append ix B. A table with parcel size and property-owner information within each municipality is also provided. The parcel inventory is intended to facilitate future correspondence between the municipality and affected property owne rs. The parcel tables were developed from the COGCNV GIS parcel database. In some instances the information may be incomplete. In Thomaston, a total of 16 parcels have been identi fied within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include:  U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s land surrounding the Thomaston Dam  Town of Thomaston Fire Station  CTDOT’s Route 8 right of way  CTDOT / Naugatuck Railroad’s rail corridor  CTDOT District IV facility (on South Main Street) and salt shed area  Mattatuck State Forest In Watertown, a total of four parcels have been identi fied within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. The Town Assessor assisted with parcel identification. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include: The railroad tracks that run along the river for the length of the State Forest complicate the ability to place the NRG on the west bank. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 21  Former drive-in theater site, home to the proposed CT Transit Waterbury Bus Maintenance Garage along Frost Bridge Road.  The Connecticut Department of Transportation’ s (CTDOT) Route 8 and rail corridor property from the Thomaston-Watertown Town Line to Frost Bridge Road. South of Frost Bridge Road, the Route 8 right of way diverts to the west and is not relevant to the NRG alignment but the rail corridor continues to run alongside the river is owned by the state. The rail line is leased by the Naugatuck Railroad from the CTDOT. In Naugatuck, a total of 13 parcels have been identi fied within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include:  Rail corridor between Bristol Street (Waterbu ry) and the General Pulaski foot bridge  Linden Park  Breen Field  Portions of the former Uniroyal site (in negotiation)  Naugatuck State Forest In Beacon Falls, a total of ten parcels have been identi fied within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include:  CTDOT’s Route 8 right of way  CTDOT-owned property (various segments within town limits)  Riverbend Park (maintained by Trout Unlimited)  Volunteer Park  Veteran’s Park  O&G Industries’ hiking trail around the Murtha Industrial Park (privately owned with easement)  Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost Experience on other greenway projects can be used to infer a planning level estimate of expected construction cost for the Naugatuck River Greenway. For a typical greenway with conventional structure types in a rural setting, expected greenway construction costs for either a 10-12’ paved or stone dust path range from $0.75 to $1.25 million per mile. Many fa ctors will affect final cost including construction materials, commodity prices, property impacts of the se lected alignment and other undetermined issues. Costs for a greenway trail along th e Naugatuck River corridor, as with most greenway projects, will be largely driven by the requirements of structural compone nts (e.g., bridges, pile-supported walkways, etc.). Within Thomaston town limits, no expensive new bridges over the Naugatuck River are required. However, a handful of other design elements will require engineered solution that will increase the cost of some individual segments of the NRG. For instance, to provide a route for the trail across the East Main Bridge, the narrow south sidewalk is recommended for widening to 10-12’, a significant cost. Also, while far less expensive than Naugatuck River crossings, two or three new brook bridges are recommended in Thomaston. Also, a possible trail section on piles will be needed to bypass the wetland area behind the auto dealership between the Route 8 on and off ramps at South Main Street. The option to avoid these wetlands could be expensive as well as, requiring multiple retaining walls to keep the NRG along the river and below Route 8. Completing the entire corridor within Watertown to wn limits will require one new crossing of the Naugatuck River and one short crossing of Branch Br ook. Off-setting the costs of this bridge are long Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 22 | Final Regional Overview Report stretches of comparatively inexpensive trail that can be constructed at the existing grade of the dirt access road between Branch Brook and Frost Bridge Road. Another expensive component in Watertown is anticipated to be a potential elevated rail crossing at the northern end of the former drive-in movie site. Here, c onstruction of a trail as part of the CT Transit bus maintenance facility and the approved, but yet un-bu ilt, material processing facility is expected, but current plans have the trail dead end at the nort hern end of the site. Combined with the primary greenway trail along the unpaved access road, a bridge over the tracks could create a short walking/biking loop and eliminate the need for pedestrians and bicyclists to use the existing at-grade railroad crossing on Frost Bridge Road for those wishing to walk or bike closer to the river. The NRG through the Borough of Naugatuck is expected to capitalize on several linear assets including the scheduled and funded Naugatuck Riverwalk project, existing rail bed, Linden Park, Breen Field and the former Uniroyal site. These relatively low-cost segments will offset the three, more-expensive river crossings that will be required for a continuous trail from one end of t he Borough to the other. Completing the entire corridor within Beacon Falls’ to wn limits will require an expensive solution to pass through the Naugatuck State Forest, utilizing either bracketed, cantilevered sections or a large-scale river/Route 8/railroad track bridge crossing. Anothe r expensive component will be a new trail bridge over the Naugatuck River either adjacent to the Pine s Bridge or near the Route 42 intersection of South Main Street and Bethany Road. The rest of the NRG in Beacon Falls will rely on the relatively- straightforward development of a trail through existing parks and along road or rail rights-of-way. 9. Brownfields and Environmental Constraints Land use within the 22-mile greenway corridor varies from industrial and mi xed commercial/residential sites to sparsely developed rural areas to undevelope d forestland. Each of the various land uses brings its own set of environmental challenges. In urbanized environments with a history of industry like the Central Naugatuck Valley Region, it is common to find sites contaminated with oils or hazardous materials. Older development frequently included use of urban fill materials (e.g., brick, block and asphalt within a soil and ash matrix). Due to the presence of ash and asphalt within the urban fill, it is common to fi nd pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (compounds commonly found in petroleum and combustion by- products) within urban fill materials. These concerns will likely complicate the acquisition of parcels for greenway development. As definitive designs for the various greenway segments are developed, the designer should identify parcels with known or potenti al historic releases of contaminants. This will allow trail designs to incorporate appropriate mitigation measures. A first order assessment of potential contamination can be made by reviewing the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection’s (CTD EP) “List of Contaminated or Potentially Contaminated Sites in Connecticut” and “List of Sig nificant Environmental Hazards Reported to the DEP.” As of September 2009 and February 2010, respectively, no sites along the greenway corridor were listed as contaminated by the CTDEP. However, these lists are not exhaustive and only provide information about sites that CTDEP is aware of. If warranted, a more det ailed evaluation in the form of a Phase I/II Environmental Site Assessment may need to be undertaken. Constructing portions of the greenway may require disturbing polluted soil. Special consideration should be given to the following: Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 23 o Soil disposal: If excess soil is generated during the cons truction of the trail, it may require special handling and disposal due to the presen ce of pollutants. We recommend that the trail be designed in a manner to reduce the amount of excess soil generated during the project to mitigate the potential for excessive costs associated with polluted soil disposal. o Potential for exposure: Although the greenway may be paved, thereby mitigating the potential for users to come into contact with pollutants directly beneath the trail, soil located along the shoulders of the trail could provide a potential exposure pathway. Surficial soil quality testing may reveal these conditions and permit the desi gner to incorporate mitigating measures (e.g., separation fabrics, clean fill, etc.). In less developed areas, environmental constraints re late less to mitigating man-made contamination and more to protecting and managing natural resources. Sensitive resources include: wetlands, flood plains, endangered or threatened species habitat, steep sl opes or erosive soils and archeological resources. In these resource areas, a special effort should be ma de to maintain and/or re-establish riparian buffers adjacent to the river or wetlands. These buffers help protect water quality, lower water temperatures and provide wildlife corridors. Where the greenway is propos ed to cross an area identified as a potential endangered or threatened species habitat, a review by the CTDEP should be sought early in the design process. The CTDEP will advise the municipality on a ppropriate measures to protect the critical habitat. If the CTDEP determines that the proposed project is lik ely to impact a listed threatened or endangered species, or significant natural communities, departme nt staff will provide recommendations to avoid or minimize impacts to these species and habitats. CTDEP permit analysts reviewing the project environmental permit applications will consider these recommendations during their review and typically incorporate appropriate conditions as part of the permit. Where appropriate, municipalities are encouraged to wo rk with their design professionals to incorporate low-impact design (LID) principles into the greenway. LID allows for more natural stormwater drainage patterns and promotes groundwater recharge. It help s to decrease the adverse effects of development upon our water resources. Common LID measures include permeable pavements, rain gardens, bio- filtration swales, etc. These measures may not be a ppropriate, however, in areas where underlying soils are polluted. 10. Safety and Security Trail safety is a major concern of both trail users and those whose property is adja cent to a greenway trail. Emergency vehicles access to the NRG is paramoun t and the alignment and access point locations were planned with this in mind. All of the municipalitie s along the corridor should plan for regular security patrols for the sections of the trail within their juri sdictions and develop an emergency response plan for police, fire and ambulance service. Creating a sa fe trail environment goes beyond design and law enforcement, however and should involve the entire community. The most effective and most visible deterrent to illegal activity on the NRG will be the pr esence of legitimate trail users. Getting as many “eyes on the trail” as possible is the most effective deterrent to undesirable activity. There are several components to accomplish this: Provide good access to the trail Access ranges from providing conveniently-located trailheads along the greenway, to encouraging the development of sidewalks and bike facilities along pu blic roadways that connect to, or intersect, the NRG. Access points should be inviting and signed to welcome the public onto the trail. The proposed greenway route includes multiple access points in all of the municipalities with the exception of Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 24 | Final Regional Overview Report Watertown. There, direct access to the NRG will be intermittent with parking areas or trailheads located at the Thomaston Town Line and at Frost Bridge Road, a gap of approximately two miles. Because of this, the Town will need to place additional emphasis on some of the oth er Safety and Security components listed below. Good visibility from adjacent neighbors Neighbors adjacent to the trail can po tentially provide 24-hour surveillance of the trail and can become an ally to local police departments. Though some scr eening and setback of the trail may be needed for privacy of adjacent neighbors, complete blocking out of the trail from view of adjacent businesses should be discouraged. This eliminates the potential of ne ighbors’ “eyes on the trail,” and could result in a tunnel effect along the trail. High level of maintenance A well maintained trail sends a message that the co mmunity cares about the public space. This message alone will discourage undesirable activity along the trail. Programmed events Community events along the NRG will help increase pu blic awareness and thereby attract more people to use the trail. Various civic organizations can help orga nize public events along the trail which will increase support. Events might include a day- long trail cleanup or a series of short interpretive walks led by knowledgeable residents or a naturalist. These even ts could be coordinated with the Connecticut Forest and Park Trail or other environmental organizations in the region. Community projects The support generated for the NRG could be further ca pitalized by involving neighbors and friends of the trail in a community project. Ideas for community projects include volunteer planting events, art projects and interpretive research projects. These co mmunity projects create a sense of ownership along the greenway and serve as a deterrent to undesirable activity along the trail. Adopt-a-Trail Program Nearby businesses, community institutions and re sidential neighbors often see the benefit of their involvement in trail development and maintenance. Businesses and developers may view the trail as an integral piece of their site planning and may be willing to take on some level of responsibility for the trail as well. Creation of an adopt-a-trail program should be explored to capitalize on this opportunity and build civic pride in the greenway. 11. Permitting Issues The construction of the greenway along the Naugatuck River will require permits from various agencies. A brief description of each anticipated permit is provided below. It should be noted that each permit may not be required for each individual section of the greenway trail. Municipal Inland Wetlands and Watercours es Permit for Regulated Activities Basis: Delegated authority from the State based on Connecticut General Statutes. Threshold: Any regulated activity within a State re gulated wetland or upland review area. Can also be required if the activity is in an upland area, drains to a regulated wetland area and/or is deemed to have a potential impact on the wetland. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 25 Process: Application must be made to th e Municipality and most include a Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Repo rting Form. At the first meeting after application is received, it is formally accep ted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statutes. If the proposed activity is deemed to be a potentially significant activity, then a public hearing must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. If the activity is foun d to have no significant impact, then the Commission may hold a public hearing, if it is found to be in the public good, or may render a decision without holding a hearing. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, depending on whether a public hearing is required. Application must be submitted prior to or concurrent with the Planning and Zoning Permit, if required. Municipal Planning and Zoning or Municipal Zoning Department Permit (S ite Plan Approval) Basis: Local authority granted under Connecticut General Statutes, but based on local bylaws and regulations. Threshold: Any significant earthwork or work requ iring a building permit. A Zoning permit may not be required for basic greenway trail projects. This should be discussed with each municipality’s Planning and Zoning staff once the corridor and proposed construction methods are sufficiently defined. Process: Application is made to the Municipali ty. At the first meeting after the application is received, it is formally accepted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues and local bylaws. Certain activities require a special permit which requires a public hearing and must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. Also, the Commission cannot make a decision until the Inland Wetlands Commission has made a decision. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Plans must normally be approximately 70% construction document level in order to contain sufficient information to gain approvals. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, following submission, depending on whether a public hearing is required. The permit application cannot be submitted prior to the application for Inland Wetlands, although they can be submitted on the same day. FEMA Floodplain Development and Condi tional Letter of Map Revision Basis: Federal law with some review authority delegated to the municipality. Threshold: Any earthwork or construction within a designated flood plain; work over , or in a designated floodway. Process: A floodplain permit is required before construction begins within any Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), or any flood-prone area s if no SFHA has been defined. Permits are required to ensure that the proposed development project meets the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the community’s floodplain management ordinance. In Connecticut, this review is usua lly performed by the Planning and Zoning or Wetlands Commissions. Generally, passive recreation, such as bicycle and pedestrian trails, are allowed as permitted use in flood-prone areas. However, if the proposed construction affects the elevation or horizontal spread of flood waters, the applicant may need to apply for a Conditional Letter of Map Change (CLOMR). Application is made to FEMA with the concurrence of the municipality. The application must demonstrate that Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 26 | Final Regional Overview Report the water surface elevation will not increase by more than one foot (cumulatively with other developments) in the flood plain or by any amount in the regulatory floodway through use of hydraulic modeling software. It should be noted that some municipalities have floodplain-management regulation more restrictive than these requirements. Following construction, an application must be made for a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) depicting actual “as-built” conditions and modeling demonstrating that the data presented in the application is valid. Time Line: Normally takes twelve to eighteen months for CLOMR. Connecticut Flood Manageme nt Certification (FMC) Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: All State of Connecticut actions in or affecting floodplains or natural or man-made storm drainage facilities, including projects undertak en by municipalities with funding provided by the State. Process: Application is made to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). Upon receipt of a request for CT DEP approval of a state agency’s flood management certification, the application is a ssigned to a project manager and is reviewed for sufficiency. If the application is sufficient, a detailed technical review is initiated. These reviews consist of an evaluation of the technical documentation provided in the application as well as an independent a ssessment of the site and of the project’s consistency with the flood manage ment standards and criteria. Time Line: Normally processed within three months. If other CTDEP approvals are required, the FMC will be processed concurrently with the other applications. Stream Channel Encroachment Permit Basis: State regulation of specific stream cha nnels as defined by Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Any earthwork within the stream channel encroachment line. Process: Application is made to the CTDEP. App lication must include hydrologic analysis proving that activity does not negatively impact flood water or impede flow within the channel. Time Line: Normally takes six to twelve mont hs depending upon the nature of the proposed construction. Connecticut Department of Environmental Prot ection General Permit for the Discharge of Stormwater and Dewatering Wastewater from Construction Activities Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Compliance with the General Permit is required for all projects that disturb one or more acres of total land area. Projects with five or more total acres of disturbance, regardless of phase must also file a registration with th e CTDEP. Projects exceeding ten acres of total disturbance must obtain an approval of registration, including a detaile d review of the required Stormwater Pollution Control Plan. Process: Application is made to the CTDEP. Time Line: Must be submitted at least sixty days prior to the start of construction. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 27 Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) Permit Basis: Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Threshold: There are three categories of ACOE permits based on the total area of disturbance of federally regulated wetlands. The federal de finition of wetland is different from the Connecticut definition. Although the limits of both federal and state wetland tend to be the same, there are sometimes differences. ACOE jurisdiction is triggered by any fill-in, or secondary impact to, a federally regulated wetl and. If the ACOE has jurisdiction, then the category of permit is decided based on the to tal direct and secondary impacts to wetlands. Direct impacts include earthwork operations. Secondary impacts can include changes in drainage patterns or groundwater hydrology, cl earing/cutting of vegetation, or alteration of shade patterns. Category I General Permit (less than 5,000 square feet of disturbance) Category II Programmatic General Permit (PGP) ( 5,000 square feet to 1 acre of disturbance) Category III Individual Permit (one acre, or more, of disturbance) Process: For Category I, there is no application required. For Category II and II I permits, application is made to the ACOE. Review is conducted jointly by the ACOE and the Connecticut DEP (see CT 401 Water Quality Permit). Additional review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and other federal agencies is conducted for Category II and III permits. Category II permits can be changed to Categor y III if requested by reviewing agencies based on potential impacts of the wetlands or wildlife habitat. Time Line: Category II permits normally take six to nine months depending on complexity, quality/function of wetlands, and surrounding ha bitats. Category III can take one year or more. Category II and III permits cannot be granted until the CT DEP issues a 401 Water Quality Permit. Connecticut Section 401 Wa ter Quality Certification Basis: Federal authority, under the Clean Water s Act, delegated to the State of Connecticut. Threshold: Category II or III ACOE Perm it, or any State of Connecticut Project. Process: Application to the ACOE is jointly reviewed by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). The CTDEP often requires additional information to be submitted which is not required by the ACOE. Time Line: Normally takes four to six months. Th is certification must be granted before the ACOE can issue a Category II or III permit. 12. Coordination with Other Studies Along with the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Rout ing Study, other relevant studies have recently been completed or are occurring concurrently. In some cases, some of these studies have had an impact on the routing decisions for the NRG and recommendations from this Study have led to proposal alterations to the other studies. The other studies include:  The I-84/Route 8 Interchange Study will guide CTDOT in the long-term multi-billion-dollar project to completely rebuild the “Mix Master ” I-84/Rte. 8 interchange near downtown Waterbury. Options that were studied and recommended may have an impact on the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 28 | Final Regional Overview Report recommended routing of the Greenway trail thro ugh the core of Waterbury but are unlikely to effect the alignment in the four municipalities which are the focus of this Study.  The Route 8 Study is a planning effort that looked at wa ys to improve traffic flow and motorist safety at exits 22-30 along Route 8 in Seym our, Beacon Falls and Naugatuck. All design recommendations are being classified as near-, medium- or long-term improvements. From north to south, potential projects that are most re levant for the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study include: o Elimination of the Route 8 south-bound on-ramp from Platts Mill Road and the adjacent south-bound off ramp to create a frontage ro ad-like connection from South Main Street in Waterbury and North Main Street in Naugatuck. Within this section, de pending on traffic speeds and lane width, the new frontage road could be used by bicyclists for local connections. o Widening the west side of Route 8 just north of the Prospect Street Bridge will bring the edge of the highway closer to the Naugatuck River, creating a tighter pinch point than the one that exists today. o Widening the North Main/Union City/City H ill intersection in Naugatuck to improve traffic flow but could make any potential pedestrian or bike connection to the neighborhoods to the east more difficult. o Adding a shared-use path adjacent to Route 8 al ong the east bank of the river, just south of Linden Park in Naugatuck (overlaps wi th the Borough’s existing greenway plans). o Removal of the Route 8 south-bound access ramp from South Main Street, via Route 63, potentially opening up the opportunity for the greenway trail to use this de-commissioned stretch of road bed adjacent to Breen Field. o Adding a roundabout at exit 25 in Naugat uck to better accommodate on and off-ramp traffic intermingling with Cross Street traffic (will need to be coordinated with the NRG alignment that will cross the southern leg of the roundabout). o Adding a left-turn pocket to the Depot Street br idge within the existing median along Old Route 8 in Beacon Falls. o Suggesting decommissioning traffic lanes al ong Route 42 in Beacon Falls, making the existing three- and four-lane state highway a two-lane road (with landscaped divider). This potential “road diet” recommendation provides space for a greenway connection along the east bank of the river from Pines Bridge up to South Main Street.  The Waterbury and New Canaan Br anch Lines Feasibility Study was a CTDOT managed study to investigate and recommended improvem ents for two branch lines of Metro-North commuter rail network. The draft study’s recommendations may impact the routing of the greenway in two ways: o Passing sidings are recommended for Beacon Falls in the Naugatuck State Forest and adjacent to Toby’s Pond Recreational Park. A passing siding adjacent to Toby’s Pond may make it more difficult for connecting the greenway trail to the portion of the greenway proposed as part of the Rte 42- Rte 67 Connector Road. o Full signalization of the branch line to Waterbury is recommended. Signalization may require installation of cables, control boxers, and signal lights along the rail corridor, which could create obstacles for the rails with trails sections of the greenway trail. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 29 o A new Naugatuck Train Station is proposed on top of the Maple Street railroad overpass. This new station would have direct access to the greenway trail via the recommended pedestrian and bicycle improvements for the Whittemore Bridge.  The Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenw ay Routing and Feasibility Study recommends a hybrid greenway alignment through the city that ut ilizes public and private property along the east and west banks of the river, numerous bridges, and a handful of roadway corridors to link difficult-to-bridge gaps along the river. The St udy includes numerous loops and spur connections to important nearby destinations, as well as natu re trails that run adjacent to the wider, paved greenway trail. At the north end, the Waterbury Greenway is proposed to terminate at the City Line adjacent to Thomaston Avenue with a long -term recommendation for a new bridge to span the river at this location, connecting with the trail running north to Watertown. At the south end, the Waterbury Greenway runs along the Platts Mill Road right of way and terminates at the existing small boat launch at the Naugatuck/Waterbury line.  The Connecticut Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Plan was updated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation in 2009. The effort includes a state-wide plan and detailed map that illustrates the state’s policies, ex isting facilities and future needs for safe and efficient travel by bike or by foot. The official bike map includes two cross-state routes that cross the Naugatuck River Valley within the Regional Greenway study area. These include a route through Thomaston from the west along Route 109, along South Main and out of Thomaston via Hill Road. In Naugatuck, the cross-state route follows Route 63 through the Borough.  The Route 42/67 Connector Road Study is a current study managed by the Valley Council of Governments in cooperation with COGCNV, Be acon Falls, Seymour and CTDOT. The Study investigates the feasibility of constructing a c onnector road between Route 42 in Beacon Falls to Route 67 in Seymour, west of the Naugatuck River. The connector road will provide access to land for development in both towns and w ill be paralleled by the Naugatuck River Greenway. This section of the NRG trail will be an important part of the mixed-used development envisioned for this corridor. The gr eenway would be designed as part of this connector road, if the project moves into a design phase. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 30 | Final Regional Overview Report 13. Community Input The Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) hosted two pairs of public workshops for the Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study. A workshop was held in each of the four greenway study municipalities. The first public workshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while the next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston The second of the two pairs of public workshops were held on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of these meetings was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they would like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, the four community meetings, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided the COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a result. One attendee even sug gested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps were also posted on the project website. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the workshops, via e-mail and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of workshops in the Republican American and other town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was posted to the Republican American website. Community members discuss greenway planning issues at the March 23, 2010 meeting at Woodland Regional High School in Beacon Falls. Elected officials from Naugatuck and Beacon Falls pose next to NRG analysis maps displayed at the November 2010 public meetings. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 31 Subsequent to the community meetings, members of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail conn ections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to the COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A final public meeting was held on September 14, 2010 at the COGCNV’s offices in Waterbury. The completed draft study was presented to the Regional Planning Commission and members of the public in attendance. Members of the public and RPC commissions voiced support for the greenway study. One member of the public emphasized the importance of designing the greenway to not take away from the beauty of the Naugatuck River. 14. Opportunities and Challenges Part of the community and stakeholder meetings, field wo rk and analysis during the easy stages of this Study included the documentation and analysis of existing opportunities and challenges to the development of a greenway trail within the four muni cipalities along the Central Naugatuck River Valley. This analysis is shown in the series of diagra mmatic maps, Figures 6-9, on the following pages. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 32 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 6: Opportunities and Challenges in Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 33 Figure 7: Opportunities an d Challenges in Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 34 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 8: Opportunities and Challenges in Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 35 Figure 9: Opportunities and Challenges in Beacon Falls. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 36 | Final Regional Overview Report 15. Recommended Greenway Routing Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 37 15a. Recommended Greenway Routing – Thomaston See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 38 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 10: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept in Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 39 The Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) within the Town of Thomaston will provide a diverse experience for walkers, runners and cyclists. Th e 4.5 mile trail includes portions set adjacent to existing roadways, soft-surface pathways close to the river and streets shared with low-speed traffic. The route will provide connections to many attractions in town: the Thomaston Dam, the Railroad Museum of New England, the Clock Walk, the Thomaston Opera House and the Blue-Blazed Mattatuck Trail at the Watertown line. Trail-side amenities will be provided along the route, including: small parking lots, picnic areas, small boat launches (for canoes and kayaks), rest stops, seating, water fountains, public art, and interpretive signage and kiosks. Future greenway connections south to Watertown and Waterbury and north to Litchfield and Harwinton will also prov ide safe corridors for walking and biking and encourage additional non- motorized trips in town. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment Until a future greenway connection is developed to the north, the northern terminus of the recommended Naugatuck River Greenway alignment is th e Vista Picnic Area at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Thomaston Dam. To discourage trail use by ATVs and other motorized vehicles, signs and bollards will be needed here and at all other trailh eads. Neither are a panacea however and enforcement will be needed as well to ensure that only non-motorized uses occur on t he NRG. From the picnic area, the greenway runs along the west side of Hill Road (Route 222), separated from motorized traffic by a crash barrier. To accommodate the 8-10’ trail and 1-2’ buffers on each side (10-14’ total), the travel lanes on Hill Road are narrowed to 11’ with 1-2’ shoulders and the trail utilizes the unpaved shoulder area along the west edge of the pavement. Because some areas feature a slope immediately adjacent to the road, a small retaining wall will help to create a flat enough grade for the paved pathway. At the bridge location over the railroad line, a new trail bridge will span the tracks using the sloping abutments as structural supports. West of the rail line, the path w ill continue another 600-700’ and then cross Hill Road where sight lines are adequate, between the two relatively sharp turns to the east and west. This roadway crossing features a high-visibili ty crosswalk and a median island in the center of the roadway to slow traffic and create a refuge for pede strians and cyclists between the two travel lanes (see Figure 11 on the following page). To the north, a recommended walking trail loop along an undeveloped section of the Naugatuck will showcase the natural beauty of the river. Existing Hill Road dry bridge over the railroad line just south of the Thomaston Dam The greenway trail will offer improved connections from the river to downtown Thomaston. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 40 | Final Regional Overview Report From the east side of Hill Road, the greenway will travel directly south along an easement through a wedge of private property set between Hill Road, the rail line and the river. The south end of this property borders two residential properties, and care must be taken to ensure the privacy of those living in both houses. The trail will either loop to the east of the houses at the base of the railroad embankment—within the state rail corridor—or to the west, as close to the river as practicable. In either case, a security fence, low wall and/or dense landscaping should be considered to ensure the maximum physical and visual separation between the residences and trail users. In the years leading up to the development of the NRG, the Town of Thomaston should consider purchase of this residential property in the event it is for sale. (At the very least, the Town should purchase rights of first refusal from the current owner.) If and when this occurs, the Town could then resell the property with an easement legally attached as a pre-existing condition to the subsequent owner of the property. This short stretch of trail within either the state- owned rail corridor or adjacent to the river will bring the trail to Railroad Annex, a public right of way that passes below Route 8. Here, trail users will share the roadway as the route continues to the south and connects to the access road that leads to the former Plume & Atwood industrial site. Currently, this private roadway is closed by a locked gate but is in good condition and runs close to the river. The most likely connection to the East Main Bridge will occur on a trail that runs relatively close to the river through the historic Plume & Atwood parcel when the site is redeveloped in the future (presumably as a commercial, institutional or residential project). Because this is likely a long term scenario, on-road improvements for cyclists—wider shoulders, signage, etc.—are recommended along North Main Street from Hill Road to East Main Street. A connection for the trail was studied along the rail corridor adjacent to Plume & Atwood but was determined to be infeasible due to the difficulty of relocating the existing siding, the challenges or using an at-grade cro ssing for the NRG and the Railroad Museum of New England’s desire to incorporate another rail siding in the future. Figure 11: Existing (top) and propos ed view looking southwest to the new at-grade crossing of Hill Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 41 From the Plume & Atwood site, the greenway alignment continues under the East Main Bridge to the Railroad Museum and then up onto the Bridge via the existing off ramp. Improvements are needed on both the off ramp and the East Main Street Bridge over the Naugatuck River. A wider sidewalk and improved railings will provide an improved pedestrian and bike connection to downtown Thomaston and the Town’s historic Clock Walk. The Elm Street portion of the Clock Walk will receive dual designation as the NRG to provide a connection through downtown and back to the river (via Maple Street) behind the former Seth Thomas Factory building. Elm Street will be enhanced with an on-street bikeway (striped shoulders and signage), sidewalk improvements and traffic calming features such as speed humps or curb bump-outs, where appropriate, to help slow traffic. The NRG will run downriver (south) along the west bank of the Naugatuck from the Seth Thomas Factory parking lot for at least a half mile. The trail will utilize easements at the far east end of a handful of properties that front the river: the former Seth Thomas Factory building, the Thomaston Fire Station (Town-owned property), a self-storage building, CTDOT’s district headquarters (State-owned property), and a handful of privately-owned commercial and r etail properties. Nearly all of the commercial properties front South Main and are set back a good distance from the river, providing space to accommodate the 10-12’ greenway trail with 2’ shoulder s. Within this stretch there are opportunities for a small boat launch behind the CTDOT building, a trailhea d adjacent to the fire station and picnic areas in multiple locations. At least one new trail bridge wi ll connect the greenway across a small ravine and brook adjacent to the former Seth Thomas Factory and over wetland areas. A wider south sidewalk and other enhancements to the East Main Bridge over the river will improve connections from downtown to the Railroad Museum. Figure 12: Site cross-section showing the recommend ed greenway alignment adjacent to the commercial properties between the river and South Main Street at far left. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 42 | Final Regional Overview Report Where the NRG approaches the south-bound Route 8 exit 38 off ramp, two options for the trail alignment are recommended for further study. One follo ws along the edge of the curving off ramp to the signalized intersection at South Main Street and Route 6. After crossing the off-ramp (where cars stop for a red light), the trail will wind behind the auto dealership on either the edge of the dealership’s parkin g area or along the edge of the Route 8 embankment, in order to avoid the existing wetland. It will then cross at the signalized intersection that provides access to the north-bound Route 8 on-ramp. Na rrowing the wide travel lane and shoulder of the on-ramp will provide the space for the trail to pass under Route 8 and connect back again to the west bank of the Naugatuck. The second option in this area will maintain the trail along the west river bank below the two decks of Route 8 and connect to the CTDOT salt shed area after running within the shoulder of the exit 38 north-bound on ramp for a short distance. From the CTDOT maintenance yard and salt shed, the NRG will continue south through the CTDOT-owned property and connect below Reynolds Bridge. The spacing of the structural arches below the bridge requires the use of two bays for the trail, creating a split in the trail with two narrower segments running side-by-side. Reynolds Bridge, with its vaul ted concrete arches, will be a landmark of engineering and architectural interest along the NRG and should be interpreted with a sign or plaque. Heading south from the bridge, the trail will cross Old Waterbury Ro ad at its intersection with Reynolds Bridge Road, a low-volume road that could provide a comfortable shared environment for vehicles and bicycles. A new sidewalk will line the east side of the road to prov ide access for walkers. Where Reynolds Bridge Road intersects York Road, the greenway route will divert fr om the right-of-way and enter the wooded area to the south. Here, the Mattatuck Trail will be utilized as the NRG, requiring a widened and improved surface to accommodate walkers and bicycles (whether this stretch of the greenway can be ADA accessible needs further exploration in subsequent design work for the greenway). The improved Mattatuck Trail will link with the Watertown portion of the greenway via an new trail bridge over Branch Brook, the boundary between Watertown and Thomaston. From this location, a soft-surface spur trail will connect along the former trolley bed that runs west to Route 6 and Black Rock State Park. Drivers wishing to enter the NRG at this location will have the opportunity to park at a recommended parking lot for up to 25 cars at the Thomaston Sewer Plant. From there, walkers and cyclists will access the greenway using the historic trolley line bridge at the south end of the Sewer Plant. The York Road/Old Trolley Bridge connection can also serve as the main greenway route in the event that the proposed new bridge over Branch Brook along the Mattatuck Trail is not able to be funded or permitted. The structural arches below the Reynolds Bridge. The Mattatuck Trail may someday look more similar to this stone dust trail in Keene, New Hampshire. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 43 B. Greenway Trail Alignment Options There is one location along the NRG in Thomaston where more than one routing option has been developed. This occurs between South Main Street and the river at the Route 8 exit 38 on/off ramps near the Reynolds Bridge. West Option In this option, the NRG trail will continue alongside the north edge of the southbound Route 8 off-ramp to Watertown Road. At the signalized intersection, the trail will cross the off ramp and continue alongside a car dealership. The commercial uses of the site are very close to the edge of the roadway so it may not be possible to run the trail within the public right-of-way unless the centerline of South Main Street in this area is shifted to the west to provide space for the 10’ trail. The alignment could instead go around the dealership to the east (closer to Route 8) but this wetland area will create permitting issues and other complications. The trail then will cross the Route 8 on-ramp at a signalized intersection and cross below Route 8 along the shoulder of the on-ramp itself. After passing the overpass, the trail will continue on to CTDOT-owned property currently occupied by a salt shed. East Option An alternative to crossing the two signalized intersections, the East Option will follow the river more closely and pass under Route 8 twice. There are steep slopes and limited space below Route 8 (see photo at right), so a highly-engineered trail section is likely in this area. Beyond the overpasses, the trail will run along the top of the river bank to a narrower spot immediately adjacent to the on ramp. For a 100-200’-long stretch, the actual path will use a portion of the north-bound on ramp shoulder. South of this pinch point, the trail connects to CTDOT-owned property occupied by the salt shed. Figure 13: View looking west to the Pine Hill/Waterbury Road intersection from below Route 8 (top) with proposed trail runs within the shoulder of the on ramp to Route 8 northbound. View of the west rive rbank below Route 8. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 44 | Final Regional Overview Report C. Greenway Trail Characteristics The primary goal of the NRG is to provide a continuous pathway through Thomaston that is accessible to pedestrians, cyclists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other accessibility devices. The dawn-to-dusk pathway will be designed for use as both a transportation corridor (commuting, errands, etc.) and for recreational purposes. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a 5-10’ landscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a 3’-wide grassy shoulder. This Study recommends the accommodation of all of these users fo r the maximum length of the trail as practicable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the short term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring significant engineering solutions should be designed to accommodate all users in a safe and comfortable en vironment. In some sections, “single track” natural trail surfaces for hiking, moun tain biking and/or equestrian use may be the best available options. Water trail or ‘blueway’ options ar e also an important consideration so the Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe or kayak. In Thomaston, two areas are recommended for paddlecraft boat launches and take-out areas. One is within the Fe derally-owned, riverfront land managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to the nor th of Hill Road. The proposed small parking area along Hill Road (Route 222) will provide convenient access for canoeists and kayakers to park their vehicles. The second proposed boat launch/take-out area could be accessed behind the parking lot at the CTDOT District IV facility along South Main Street, where a gradua l slope leads down to the Naugatuck River. Within Thomaston, most of the greenway is intended to be a 10’ wide, shared-use asphalt path, with 8’ widths in constrained areas. Two-foot-wide soft-surfa ce shoulders will be included with a white shoulder line set 8-12” from the edge of the asphalt. This trail configuration is appropriate for the vast majority of the greenway through Thomaston. Locations close to the river or wetland areas can be a permeable or semi-permeable surface (stone dust or packed aggr egate with a binding agent) to reduce storm-water runoff and make for a more natural appearance within environmentally sensitive areas. In Thomaston, this condition occurs in some locations south of H ill Road, the section of trail south of the Fire Station and where the NRG trail overlaps with the Mattatuck Trail. Along East Main Street, Maple Street and Reynolds Bridge Road, the trail alignment will utiliz e existing (in some cases widened) sidewalks for pedestrians, wheelchairs, and young cyclists, and roadwa y improvements such as bike lanes, shoulders and signage will improve conditions for most cyclists. D. Access Points and Amenities The NRG trail includes a number of parking areas and trailheads to provide access to the transportation and recreational corridor. Some will formalize de-facto parking areas (such as the shoulder along Hill Road), while others are new parking lots, (such as the area adjacent to the Thomaston Sewer Plant). The potential use of the CL&P proper ty adjacent to the Fire Station for new surface parking for the NRG should be considered, as well as non-business-hour use of the former Seth Thomas Factory building lot (with owner’s permission). In the long-term, if emergency-vehicle access issues can be addressed, some parking could be incorporated near the Fire Station. All parking lots include trailheads and/or kiosks that feature maps, dog-waste bag dispensers, safety information and environmental and historical interpretive materials. To discourage trail use by ATVs and ot her motorized vehicles, signs and bollards will be needed at all trailheads as well. Some parking area s are located near small boat launches so people can park and carry their canoes and kayaks a short distan ce to the river. These locations will also work well for fishing access. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 45 Other trail-related amenities will be determined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms and water foun tains are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. There is a rest station adjacent to the Vista Picnic Area at the Thomaston Dam, but it is open o nly seasonally. The Town of Thomaston should consider discussions with the Army Corps about the possibility of keeping it (and the adjacent parking area) open for longer periods during the year. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs will enhance the trail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns and other educational information. Public health can be integ rated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Pedestrian-scale Lighting Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety along public streets that double as the NRG route, at key intersections and at trailheads. In Thomaston, locati ons for proposed lighting improvements include the trail crossing at Hill Road, the East Main Street Bridge over the river, Maple Street, and the West Option for the trail that crosses the Route 8 on/off ramp intersections. Lighting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibly emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists can be commissioned to provide art for the trail system, making the trail unique to its community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. Public art insta llations along the greenway should be consistent with a design theme, based on the surrounding context. In Thomaston, public art should be considered at key locations along the NRG, such as where the trail enters/exits the downto wn area next to the former Seth Thomas factory building or at the East Main bridge. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 46 | Final Regional Overview Report 15b. Recommended Greenway Routing – Watertown See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 47 Figure 14: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept in Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 48 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 15: Trail cross-section north of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) showing the greenway trail’s relationship to the Naugatuck River, the Naugatuck Railroad and Route 8. The recommended Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) tr ail within the Town of Watertown will run for 2.9 miles and consist primarily of a multi-use path th at runs in between Route 8 and the rail line adjacent to the west bank of the Naugatuck Ri ver. In some locations, the trail alignment is relatively close to the tracks—separated by a buffer of 25’—whereas in others locations, it is separated from the rail line by a wider vegetated buffer. The stretch of greenway b etween the Thomaston Town Line at Branch Brook and Frost Bridge Road is a two-mile stretch of pathway unbroken by cross streets or roads and runs through a very scenic section of the Naugatuck River Valley. This stretch will be isolated and there may be a need for emergency vehicle access, which could serve both the trail and Route 8 northbound. From Frost Bridge Road to the Waterbury line, the trail will run alongside the rail line with occasional sections affording closer access and views to the river. A new pedestrian/bike bridge will connect the trail on the west bank to the northern terminus of Waterbury’s por tion of the Naugatuck River Greenway just south of the intersection of Thomaston Avenue and Spru ce Brook Road. A less desirable, but possible, alternative is to cross Frost Bridge and to run the trail along the west edge of Waterbury Road to the Town Line. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment The NRG alignment will connect from Thomaston ov er a new trail bridge over Branch Brook, the official Town Line. At this location, a trailhead kiosk will orient visitors with maps and other local historical and cultural information. A composting toilet or port-o-potty should be considered at this location as well. This portion of trail is likely to be somewhat narrow as it passes through a relatively dense forested area that is part of the Mattatuck trail, Blue-Blazed hiking trail managed by Connecticut Forest and Park Association volunteers. Drivers wishing to enter the NRG at the north end of Watertown will have the opportunity to park at a recommended parking lot for up to 25 cars at the Thomaston Sewer Plant. From there, walkers and cyclists will access the greenway using the historic Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 49 Figure 16: Greenway trail intersec tion with Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and the Naugatuck Railroad. Improvements include: a greenway-user activated traffic signal and railroad crossing warning lights, signage and gates. trolley line bridge at the south end of the Sewer Plant. The York Road/Old Trolley Bridge connection can also serve as the main greenway route in the event that the proposed new bridge over Branch Brook along the Mattatuck Trail is not able to be funded or permitted. Continuing south from Branch Brook, the alignment will connect with an existing, unpaved access road that runs for nearly two miles to Frost Bridge Road, in between Route 8 and the river. Along one short stretch, the access road/greenway trail will run within the grassy shoulder area of the state highway to avoid pinch points and steep slopes between the right-of-way and the river. In this area, a security fence will keep trail users from wandering too close to the highway. Formalizing a trail in these areas will displace illega l ATV use of the existing unpaved access road. To discourage trail use by ATVs and other motorized ve hicles, signs and bollards will be needed at all trailheads. Neither are a panacea however and enfor cement will be needed as well to ensure that only non-motorized users will enjoy the NRG. Approximately a mile south of the Town Line, the active rail line that runs on the east bank of the Naugatuck crosses to the west and remains in Watertown until it crosses back to the east bank near the Waterbury Industrial Commons site in Waterbury. The existing rail trestle bridge between Watertown and Thomaston has been used illegally as a pedestrian crossing of the river. While rail traffic is quite low, crossing on the rail trestle is extremely dangerous and should be discouraged. In the long term, however, the plan recommends a companion bridge adjacent or attached to the existing trestle. This will eventually provide access to the NRG trail from a small parking area on the east bank off Waterbury Road in Thomaston. At this location, there is a bend in the river, creating a beautiful spot that could provide fishing and river access on both riverbanks. On the west bank, a narrower nature trail is planned to split off from the main greenway route, pass under the existing trestle and run along the west river bank for a few hundred feet. The spur will dead-end at a spit of land at the south end of a large dredging hole, downriver from the rail trestle. A picnic area and access to a fishing hole could be located here. The new bridge over Branch Brook could look similar to some of the rustic examples in Central Park. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 50 | Final Regional Overview Report South of the rail trestle, the NRG trail will run between the rail line and Route 8 at a grade that is 8’-12’ higher than the rail line, but considerably lower than Route 8. Along with the natural buffer of trees, this creates a significant separation between the trail and the railroad tracks. As it approaches the former drive-in movie theater site on Frost Bridge Road, the access road/future trail returns to the same grade as the railroad tracks and rows of trees and mature shrubs no longer separate the two. Although rail traffic is light along the corridor—primarily Naugatuck Railroa d trains operated by the Railroad Museum of New England—in locations such as this, a security fen ce is recommended to discourage access on to the tracks. The Waterbury Greenway Routing Concept map on page 47 (Figure 14) includes the proposed trail segment that is anticipated to come in conjuncti on with the redevelopment of the old drive-in site. A new trail will run immediately adjacent to the river al ong the edge of a future processing facility and CT Transit Waterbury Division’s bus maintenance garage. To form a walking and biking loop in this area, a new bridge over the tracks at the north end of the redevelopment pa rcel is recommended in the long term. Parking for trail users and other amenities (res trooms and water fountain) could be provided at the CT Transit garage. At Frost Bridge Road, the trail crosses both the road an d the existing rail line. To facilitate safe crossing of the busy roadway, a new push-button traffic sign al is recommended (in conjunction with CTDOT). In addition, the railroad crossing gate arm (along with signs warning trail users that the rail line remains active) should include an extension that prohibits trail users from crossing into the rail right-of-way when in use. At this location, a highly-visible crosswalk will also be striped and removable bollards will keep automobiles off of the trail, but allow access for em ergency vehicles. As shown in the photo-simulation on the previous page (Figure 16), a small new embank ment is needed to provide space for the trail adjacent to an existing culvert below the tracks. Heading south, the NRG trail runs for a few hundred feet alongside the east edge of the rail line and is separated by a 25’ buffer and a security fence. To accommodate the 25’ spatial buffer, an easement through the adjacent industrial property to the east will be needed. Where possible, the trail splits off Figure 17: Trail cross-section south of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) and potential new park space along the west bank of the Naugatuck River. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 51 from the rail corridor and will run through the lower-lying area east of the tracks, a potential new Watertown park. This section of trail will need to be designed to accommodate occasional flooding, preferably a porous material such as stone dust or st abilized aggregate. Where the river curves west and comes close to the tracks, the tra il will again need to utilize the state-owned railroad corridor. Opposite Spruce Brook Road on the east bank, the trail will turn to the east and cross the river on a new bridge. The bridge takes advantage of a rocky outcropping on the east bank—used for abutments—that juts out into the water enough to make for a modest pinch point in the river, requiring a shorter span for the new bridge. The new bridge will connect the Watertown portion of the trail to the planned northern endpoint for the Waterbury Greenway, a location anticipated to include a trailhead and a small number of parking stalls. On the opposite side of Waterbury Road/Thom aston Avenue, a soft-surface trail will connect to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s Hancock Brook Lake area in Plymouth . Figure 18: Potential greenway bridge between Watertown and Waterbury utiliz ing a rocky outcropping at the bend in the river adjacent to the intersec tion of Thomaston Avenue and Spruce Brook Road (not seen at right). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 52 | Final Regional Overview Report B. Greenway Trail Alignment Options South of Frost Bridge Road, an alignment along the east bank is possible as an alternative to using the west bank. This stretch of Waterbury Road in Thomast on has a significant shoulder on the river side that could be utilized for the greenway trail. In most places , a flat shelf of land adjacent to the shoulder could incorporate a portion of a 10’ trail se gment. A crash barrier will be needed to separate the trail from the roadway. Along an approximate 200’ stretch, significant regrading of the river bank or a trestle section of trail may be required because of a narrower shoulder and steep slope down to the river. The primary benefit of the east-bank option along Waterbury Road is that it avoids the need for a new bridge. Despite this, the trail is recommended to remain on the Watertown side of the river south of Frost Bridge Road. This alignment affords a more aesthetically-pleasing experience for trail users because of the greater distance from a busy roadway and the opportunity to include significant stretches within a park-like setting. A new three-to-four acre park could be established along the trail and would likely be passive in character include riparian areas, meadows, secondary walking paths and seating. C. Greenway Trail Characteristics The ultimate goal of the NRG is to provide a cont inuous pathway that is accessible to pedestrians, cyclists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other devices. In limited areas, access to equestrians is anticipated as well. The dawn-to-dusk pathway will be designed for use as both a transportation corridor (commuting, errands, etc.) and for recreational purposes. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a 5-10’ landscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a 3’-wide grassy shoulder. This Study recommends the accommodation of all of these users for the maximum length of the trail as practicable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the short term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring significant engineering solutions should be designed to accommodate all users in a safe and comfortable environment. In some sections, “single track” natural trail surfaces for hiking, mountain biking and/or equestrian use may be the best available options. Water trail or ‘blueway’ options are also an important consideration so the Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe or kayak. A paddlecraft boat launch and take-out area is recommended for a location along the greenway trail spur that runs along the edge of the CT Transit bus maintenance facility site. The recommended parking lot nearby will provide View north along Waterbury Road toward Frost Bridge Road. Portions of the NRG in Wat ertown may look like the Farmington Canal Trail in Cheshire, Connecticut. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 53 convenient access to the boat launch. In addition, a planned boat launch in Waterbury at the Watertown line will provide convenient access for some Watertown residents. Within Watertown, most of the greenway is intended to be a 10’ wide, shared-use path made of either asphalt or a semi-permeable surface such as stone dust or stabilized aggregate (aggregate material with a resin binder). A semi-permeable surface will reduce storm-water runoff and may be more appropriate where the trail runs close to the edge of the Naug atuck River. In some constrained areas—such as the section within the Mattatuck State Forest—an 8’ wide, semi-permeable trail may be more appropriate. Two-foot-wide soft-surface shoulders of dirt or grass will flank the trail in the typical paved condition. If conditions permit, a four-to-six foot shoulder should be considered on one side of the trail to facilitate equestrians and runners looking for a more comfortable surface. D. Access Points and Amenities Within the Watertown portion of the NRG trail, one greenway parking area for up to 25 cars is planned along Frost Bridge Road and should be incorporated into the CT Transit bus maintenance garage facility at the old drive-in theater site. Easily accessibl e from Route 8 and Route 262, the parking area and trailhead will also include a small boat launch for ca noes and kayaks. The riverfront trail loop will also provide fishing access to a deep dredge hole just north of the former drive-in site. This will be the primary trailhead for Watertown residents accessing th e greenway by car. To encourage non-motorized access to this trailhead, on-street bike improvements—wider shoulder, bike lanes and/or signage—are recommended along Route 262 and furthe r west on Echo Lake Road to encourage bicycling to the trailhead. Additionally, a long-term trail connection is recommended along the powerline easement that runs through portions of the Mattatuck State Fore st from Frost Bridge Road to Veteran’s Memorial Park (see Figure 14, Recommended Watertown Greenway Routing Concept Map). The other planned parking areas and trailheads are immediately adjacent but just outside Watertown. These include tail heads and parking at the Thomast on Sewer Plant in Thomaston, near the City Limits Café at the Spruce Brook Road and Thomaston Avenue in Waterbury, and at the small pull-off from Waterbury Road near the rail trestle that crosses the river in Thomaston. This latter parking area at the north end of the rail trestle will be relevant only af ter the long-term bridge connection adjacent to the old trestle is built and provides safe greenway access ac ross the river from the parking area/trailhead to the greenway on the west bank. Until this occurs, signs warn ing people of the dangers of attempting to cross the trestle should be prominently displayed. All parking lots and trailheads will include kiosks that feature maps, safety information, dog waste bag dispense rs and environmental and historical interpretive materials. Other trail-related amenities in Watertown will be d etermined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms and water foun tains are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. A rest station is proposed adjacent to the parking area at the redevel opment site along Frost Bridge Road, adjacent to the river. It could be incorporated as part of the CT Transit bus maintenance garage. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs enhance the tr ail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns and other educational information. Public health can be integ rated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 54 | Final Regional Overview Report Pedestrian-scale Lighting Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety at key intersections along the NRG route and at trailheads. In Watertown, the trail crossing at Frost Bridge Road and the adjacent parking area, rest station and trailhead should have a modest level of lighting for safety reasons. Ligh ting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibly emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists should be commissioned to provide art fo r the trail system, making the trail unique to the community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. In Watertown, public art should be considered at the primary parking lot/trailhead/boat launch area along Frost Bridge Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 55 15c. Recommended Greenway Routing – Waterbury See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 56 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 19: Adopted Greenway Routing Concept in Waterbury. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 57 Adopted in 2010, the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing and Feasibility Study developed a series of recommendations to complete a seven-mile greenway trail within city limits. The proposed trail will include ten trailheads, six small parking areas, fo ur new paddlecraft put-ins, four new river bridges, the rehabilitation of three existing rail trestle brid ges and two bridge underpasses. It also included recommendations for trail spurs and on-street conn ections to link the Waterbury NRG to the Steele Brook path, downtown Waterbury and the train stat ion. The estimated cost of the greenway through Waterbury is $19 to $24 million dollars, some of whic h has already been raised by the City. The major elements of the proposed greenway route are shown in Figure 19 on the previous page and described from north to south in the sections below. North End Beginning at the City line with Thomaston on the east bank of the river, a trailhead along Thomaston Avenue provides river access for the water trail (a put-in for canoes and kayaks) and a small parking area. At a rocky outcropping along the river, a future bridge will connect to an extension of the Waterbury NRG north into Watertown. From the new bridge, the trail will proceed south parallel to the road, then follow the river adjacent to the floodwall at the Waterbury Industrial Commons (WIC) site, the future home of the City’s Department of Public Works. A trailhead and rest area will be located at the west end of the existing steel truss bridge at the WIC site, which provides access for fishing and mountain biking. The City of Waterbury has recently received grant funding and this money will be used to provide pedestrian and bike improvem ents on the bridge. Public access to the abandoned utility station in this area must be prohibited. A sma ll river rapids viewing area and whitewater course can be created along the river behind the WIC. Parking for these amenities will be accommodated curbside along Commons Court. Security will be an important design consideration to prevent encroachment onto the future DPW facility from the trail and to provide physical separation along the length of the WIC property. At the same time, access to the trail will be an important benefit to empl oyees at the WIC who want to walk or bike to work or enjoy some lunchtime physical activity. In addition to the trail’s alignment near the top of the flood wall, fencing, warning signs, and security cameras ca n protect the fleet of vehicles and equipment that will be stored on the site. Fencing and signage will al so create a clear distinction between the parking and driveways specifically dedicated for DPW use and area s available for public access. The clear separation will keep trail users away from DPW operations. The existing 23-foot-wide Army Corps maintenance ease ment along the wall will be preserved. The Army Corps has indicated that the Greenway trail does not present a conflict with the easement as long as maintenance-vehicle access is maintained, subsurface features such as footings and drains remain undisturbed, and that no trees or permanent structures are planted or placed within the easement. Funding for enhancements to the existing steel truss bridge at the WIC site has been secured. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 58 | Final Regional Overview Report Thomaston Avenue Section South of the WIC, the trail will run along the west side of the Chase River Road right-of-way and will continue south towards Huntingdon Avenue. At the Huntingdon Avenue Bridge, a new pedestrian/bike bridge will carry the trail across the river to the west bank, utilizing the existing bridge abutments to support the new structure. The main trail can be routed below the existing bridge using switchbacks to avoid the at-grade crossing of this busy road. Safety enhancements should also be provided at street level to improve access for pedestrians and bicyclists who prefer to cross at grade. A key right-of-way in this section will need to be negotiated at the Hychko property, which is currently a scrap yard for motor vehicles. Ideally, this negotiation will include public access to create a loop trail on both sides of the river in this section. A new pedestrian-bike span across the river at the southern end of the existing scrap yard can serve as a signature design element for the Waterbury NRG. The trail will continue south between Route 8 and the river as an elevated section, built on piers where necessary, to preserve the natural setting and avoid flood waters. At the mouth of the Steele Brook, a potential connection exists to a proposed spur trail heading west under Route 8 towards Municipal Stadium and Watertown. The main Greenway trail will cr oss the river using a new bridge adjacent to an existing railroad trestle and continue along the east bank of the river towards downtown. Due to challenges of topography, floodway conditions and proximity of existing buildings, the trail is proposed as an elevated trestle section behind th e existing Colonial Plaza shopping center. Coordination with potential redevelopment can create new opportunities for trail-oriented business in this section. This site offers an existing retail zone with direct access from the trail for a bakery, bike shop, convenience store, restaurant or other related services. A tr ailhead at this location will capitalize on these opportunities. Due to the difficulty of making a connection to the Colonial Plaza in its current configuration, a short spur trail lo cated just north of the shopping center will connect the trail eastward to Thomaston Avenue. Figure 20: Narrowing the wide travel lanes along Chase River Road provides the necessary space to ac commodate the Waterbury NRG trail at the top of the river bank. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 59 Downtown Section The trail will then continue as a trestle section south to West Main Street, which will require improvements for both pedestrian and bicyclist crossings at the existing signal to the west, as well as an undercrossing below the West Main Street bridge. This will serve as the primary trail route. Heading south, careful coordination will be required to maintain security at the CL&P transformer substation. Key access easements from CL&P and MacDermid Corporation will be needed. Because of the relatively low traffic volumes on Freight Street, the Greenway will cross at grade. This connection, just east of the Freight Street bridge, could include either a high visibility crosswalk and median refuge island or a pedestrian-actuated traffic signal (more detailed traffic analysis will be required before a final determination is made). From this point, on-street bikeway enhancements (bike lanes) and sidewalk improvements are recommended on Freight Street to link to the Green and the rest of downtown. This will ensure that important downtown destinations are connected to the trail, including the YMCA, the Mattatuck Museum, City Hall, Palace Theater, UConn, St. Mary’s Hospital and downtown businesses. At the southern end of downtown, the long-term deve lopment of a spur connection to the train station is recommended using either a new pedestrian/bike bridge or the I-84 elevated structure to carry the trail over the multiple railroad tracks (at a minimum clearance of 22.5 feet). This is a key transportation connection, providing access to Metro-North commuter tr ains. This spur trail will also provide improved access from the trail to Library Park and the area su rrounding City Hall. Additionally, a rail-with-trail spur along the east side of the tracks has strong potenti al to link the train station with the Waterbury NRG underpass at Jackson Street. The trail will continue at-grade under the I-84 stru cture and along a proposed new Jackson Street shared- use (vehicles and bikes) corridor with a crossing un der the existing railroad trestle bridge. The area between I-84 and the trestle has significant potential as a new urban environmental park and sculpture Figure 21: Unique lighting is reco mmended at key locations along the Waterbury NRG such as at the Jack son Street underpass where vehicles and bikes will share the street space. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 60 | Final Regional Overview Report garden. This would create a connection between downtown and the river. The underutilized property immediately to the southeast of the Bank/Liber ty street intersection is an opportunity for new trail- oriented development project such as a restaurant, kayak rental or bake shop. South of downtown, the trail will cross the river on a new bridge using the existing abutments from a former railroad trestle and continue south along an abandoned railroad corridor, past the FirstLight power plant to Washington Avenue. After a jog to th e east, the Greenway will continue south along an at-grade section utilizing the wide the wide portion of riverfront land on the west bank of the river parallel to Railroad Hill Street. From here, a long- term loop connection is proposed to use the east bank of the river, through the Anamet property. The trail will continue south along Railroad Hill Street for a short stretch and then along an easement adjacent to the river, eventually leading to a redevelopment parcel at Eagle Street that could be an ideal location for a brew pub or cafe. A cantilevered section will be required at this point to bypass an existing building very close to the river’s edge and connect to the Eagle Street bridge. Because of the very narrow existing sidewalks, the trail will cross the Eagle Street bridge on a widened north sidewalk to connect to South Main Street. North of the Eagle Street bridge, there is an abandoned rail line and trestle sitting high above the grade of the river’s east bank and connecting to a berm on the west bank. Called the Poughkeepsie Rail Spur, its right-of-way connects to the Waterbury train station to the northwest and runs along a tributary of the Naugatuck River northeast to the Brooklyn neighborhood. This corridor has potential to serve as a spur trail from the core greenway route along the river. As such, efforts should be taken to preserve the right-of-way and the existing trestles over the tributary near Washington Avenue, the Naugatuck River, over Railroad Hill Avenue and the adjacent Main Line that carries Metro-North commuter trains. This corridor could eventually connect with the proposed spur from the train station south to the Jackson Street greenway underpass. Figure 22: The trail from Washington Av enue will run adjacent to Railroad Hill Avenue before crossing the ri ver over the Eagle Street bridge. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 61 South Main Street Section Since it was superseded by Route 8, South Main Street has carried very little traffic for a roadway that contains four lanes in most areas south of Eagle Street. Because of this, the NRG trail can likely be created within the existing right-of -way if the roadway is reconfigured with two or three travel lanes rather than four. Intersection improvements at Wa shington, South Leonard and Piedmont streets will enhance pedestrian and bike connections from near by neighborhoods. Currently, this project is moving forward as the Yankee Gas gas-line project is now un der way. This offers the opportunity to potentially rebuild a narrower roadway, leaving space within the right-of-way for th e trail. South Main offers a prime opportunity to develop a mile-long section of the Greenway along a single parcel of land currently in public ownership. Traffic volumes are far lower than the four-lane capacity of the roadway. Based on preliminary analysis, there is a strong possibility that South Main may not need more than one travel lane in each direction from Platts Mill Road to Eagle Street, provided that left turn lanes are incorporated where necessary to enable access to side streets and frontage properties. “Road Diet” schemes such as this are becoming more common as cities throughout the country aim to provide complete streets with new facilities for pedestrians and cyclists. While the preferred design will require future study and negotiations with CTDOT, the South Main Street corridor can accommodate a 10-12’ wide multi-use path whether a travel lane is removed from the roadway or not. If four lanes must remain, options to retain the trail on the east side of the river include the narrowing of the desired 10-15’ landscape buffer, the use of easements through the narrow parcels adjacent to the South Main right of wa y and possible use of trestle sections of the trail over wetland areas close to the river. Vehicle access and parking for the existing businesses on South Main will need to be carefully considered during subsequent design work for the trail. Consolidat ion of the long curb cuts along the west side of South Main near South Leonard will ensure safety at NR G crossing points. In this area, space for a tree- lined buffer adjacent to the trail won’t be possible in or der to preserve parking for the existing businesses. Most of the commercial buildings in this area lie close to the river’s edge, making it unlikely for the trail to pass behind them along this thousand-foot stretch of South Main. As the trail is developed, these properties will have new opportunities to create tra il-oriented businesses that capitalize on the NRG. The trail will continue within the South Main Street ri ght-of-way to the intersection with Platts Mill Road. At this point, a seven-acre nature park will be enha nced with a small parking area, a trailhead and water trail launching site. Important environmental educationa l opportunities exist at this site, as well as at the City’s water treatment facility across the river from this location. The trail will continue at-grade along the west side of Platts Mill Road and co nnect to the existing trailhead and small boat launch just beyond the southern city limit. From the small boat launch, the NRG trail will cross the river and continue to Naugatuck, utilizing the existing rail corridor for access. Figure 23: Low traffic volumes along South Main Street provides an opportunity to reconfigure the roadway with three travel lanes to prov ide space for the trail. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 62 | Final Regional Overview Report 15d. Recommended Greenway Routing – Naugatuck See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 63 Figure 24: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept in Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 64 | Final Regional Overview Report The Naugatuck River Greenway in the Borough of Naugatuck will take various forms including portions set immediately adjacent to, but separated from, exis ting roadways, soft-surface pathways adjacent to the river (in the short term), “rail-with -trail” portions adjacent to Metro-No rth, and a multi-use path running through Borough parks adjacent to the river. The ro ute will provide connections to many destinations and attractions in town: the Borough Green, railroa d station, the Historical Society Museum and a number of open spaces including Linden Park, Breen Field, Naugatuck State Forest and a future recreation area on the former Uniroyal site. Trail-side amenities will be provided along the route including small parking lots, picnic areas, small boat launches (canoes and kayaks), rest stops, water fountains, public art, seating, interpretive signage and kiosks. The 3.3 miles of trail will increase non-motorized transportation options and enhance the quality of life of Naugatuck’s residents and attract new visitors. Greenway connections north to Waterbury and south to Beacon Falls will also provide safe corridors for walking and biking and encourage more non-mo torized trips in and out of the borough. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment The formal beginning of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) alignment in Naugatuck is the existing canoe/kayak launch along Platts Mill Road, near the Waterbury line. The 2010 Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing and Feasibility Study identifies this as the end point of the Waterbury section of the NRG. From this spot, a short-term connection to the downtown area will be provided along the east bank with an improvement to the existing dirt walking/hiking path that now runs south adjacent to Platts Mill Road and along the river’s eastern edge to the Pulaski pedestrian bridge. This path may only be passable seasonally, due to flooding by the Naugatuck River. The path also does not accommodate cyclists and is not ADA accessibl e, so the long-term recommendation is for a 10’ paved, multi-use path along the edge of the rail corridor on the west bank of the river. Accessing the west bank will occur with the developm ent of a new trail bridge from the canoe/kayak launch at Platts Mill Road to the other side of the river. In lieu of a new bridge, a greenway connection north along Platts Mill Road and using an improved south sidewalk on the Bristol Street Bridge in Waterbury to cross the river is an additional sub-opt ion. In either case, a soft-surface trail connection between the Bristol Street bridge and Whittemore Glen State Park should be explored to help link the Larkin State Park Trail and the Middlebury Greenway (via Route 63 and Hop Brook Lake) with the NRG. The trail’s placement will be as far from the active railroad tracks as possible, 25’ from the centerline of the tracks to the edge of the trail surface is intended. This will provide the necessary space to accommodate Metro-North and CTDOT’s needs for double tracking, electrification, signals and maintenance vehicle access within the rail corridor. Wi th or without a second track, the trail will be separated from the rail corridor by a security fence with intermittent g ates for maintenance access to the tracks. The trail will be engineered to accommodate th e loads of Metro-North service vehicles which will have access to the greenway for routine maintenance runs or in the case of emergencies. To minimize use of the state-owned rail corridor, the NRG in this area should incorporate a shelf of land along the river bank that was used until the mid-20 th century as a trolley bed. This will allow the trail to split off from the rail corridor along some stretches and bring walkers, cyclis ts and other trail users closer to the edge of the Naugatuck river. Figure 25: Cross-section showing the greenway trail at the edge of the Metro-North rail corridor. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 65 As the trail approaches the Prospect Street bridge from the north, it splits off and follows an existing unpaved access road that passes under the Route 68 bridge and connects to the Polish-American Community Center at the east end of Bridge Street. This beautiful stretch of trail passes through a mature stand of trees away from the rail line and closer to the river. From the Community Center, the trail follows the alignment of the planned and funded Borough of Naugatuck Riverwalk project. This alignment crosses the river on the existing Pulaski pedestrian bridge an d turns south to follow the east bank of the Naugatuck River to the Whittemore Bridge (Maple Street bridge). Along the way, the trail proceeds along a new sidewalk/path on the edge of the Route 8 on ramp, runs through Linden Park on the existing wide paved path, past the parking lot an d along a nearly ¼ mile-long sidewalk adjacent to the Route 8 off-ramp to Maple Street. This six-foot-wid e sidewalk is quite narrow for a multi-use greenway Figure 26: Proposed photographic simulation of the NRG trail alongside the Waterbury Branch rail line north of the Prospect Street Bridge, pote ntially as far north as the Bristol Street bridge in Waterbury. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 66 | Final Regional Overview Report trail but to widen it to a more comfortable ten feet would be prohibi tively expensive for such a long distance. Depending on the popularity of the greenway, this should be considered in any redesign or reconstruction of the Route 8 interchange. At the Whittemore Bridge, a greenway spur will split off from the primary trail across the river along Maple and Water Streets. These spurs will create pedestrian and bike connections into downtown Naugatuck and the proposed Renaissance Place mixed-use development. Streetscape improvements such as corner bump outs, improved sidewalks, ADA sidewalk ramps, street trees and lighting is incorporated into Maple and Water streets to encourage connections to the Borough Green, Borough Hall, shops and restaurants, the train station and the Historical Society Museum in the old train station building. To improve bicycle access from the greenway, bike lanes, shoulder striping and/or share-the-road signs are incorporated along Water Street and portions of Maple Street from the bridge to the Borough Green. Similar improvements are recommended along a series of streets within th e Borough to improve the cycling experience from the river corridor up to and through the Naugatuck State Forest. Until structures are built within the state forest to enhance connectivity through this challenging section of the river valley, this on-street bike connection may be the only way to connect th e greenway in Naugatuck to Beacon Falls. Existing sidewalk along the Route 8 southbound off-ramp that will be incorporated into the Borough’s planned Riverwalk project. Figure 27: New street trees, bike lanes and other side walk improvements will enhance the connection from the greenway trail to the train station along Water Street. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 67 From the Whittemore Bridge, the recommended greenwa y alignment runs along South Main Street to connect to Breen Field. Currently, the street contai ns one lane in each direction and parking lanes on both sides of the street. The park ing along the Route 8 embankment drops on the approach to Maple Street to accommodate a left-turn lane to Maple westbound. To accommodate the greenway, the parking along the embankment should be removed entirely, th e travel lanes narrowed to 11’ and the existing 6’ sidewalk incorporated into the trail alignment. This portion of the NRG will function like a wide sidewalk with bicycle traffic, so care will need to be taken to discourage cyclists from riding much more than walking speed. To control speeds, strategically placed bollards should be incorporated along with signage. Additionally, some level of enforcement of reckless ri ding by Borough police will be needed to ensure a comfortable environment for all sidewalk/path users. This path segment b egins at a potential park space planned for the corner of Maple and South Main, an underutilized building that the Borough has considered for demolition and transformation into a pocket park. This future park space could become the gateway into Naugatuck from the NRG trail and include benches, public art, a map kiosk, water fountain and possibly restrooms. From South Main, the greenway route becomes a shared roadway with adjacent sidewalk along Hotchkiss Street and connects to Breen Field through the far end of the parking lot at the north end of the park. Access to this area may instead be along a section of path closer to the river. At the South Main/Hotchkiss intersection, a new school bus depot has located at the former Cam Motors site. The depot could create conflicts between trail users and buses. The Study recommends that the Borough explore the possibility of establishing a 20’-wide easement along the north and west edge of this property to acco mmodate a trail. This could provide a more seamless connection from South Main to the Breen Field parking area and driveway and avoid conflicts with buses. The route through Breen Field will utilize a shared roadway as cyclists and walkers mix with slow-moving motor vehicles driving to the baseball diamonds in the park. While the intent is to minimize the removal of parking, some loss may be necessary to improve sight lines and other safety improvements for those looking to pass through the park space on foot or bike. Near the south end of the park, opposite the dividing line between the two baseball diamonds, a new bridge across the river will connect to the north end of the former Uniroyal site. This bridge could be either for trail use only or possibly for vehicle traffic as well. The Borough of Naugatuck has proposed the remediation and eventual redevelopment of this site into a Recreational Park with fields for soccer, football and baseball. Parking, rest rooms and other Former Uniroyal site, home to a future Recreational Park for the Borough of Naugatuck. Figure 28: Site cross-section of the Naugatuck River showing the NRG on the left, adjacent to the Borough’s proposed recreational fields. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 68 | Final Regional Overview Report amenities are planned for the site as well. The NRG trail runs along the eastern edge of the future park, at the top of the west river bank (see Figure 28 on previous page for cross-sectional view). The NRG trail will pass through the new recreational park and run downriver to the Borough’s Water Treatment Plant. As the trail approaches this spot, the rail line and the river bank converge to create a pinch point that precludes the continuation of the trail on the west bank without significant structural solutions. Such solutions could include cantilevering the path out from the river bank or elevating the trail to run over the railroad tracks. To avoid these costly solutions, the alignment will shift to the east bank of the river, incorporating a new pedestrian/bike bridge over the Naugatuck River. The trail will proceed south using the shoulder of the Route 8 exit 25 off-ramp and then pass beneath Route 8 within the existing underpass that connects to Cross Street (see Figure 29 below). Along Cross Street, the ten- foot-wide multi-use trail will be separated from th e roadway by a landscaped buffer and include an enhanced crossing at the north end of the north bound exit 25 off-ramp. (At this location, a roundabout is proposed in the 2010 Route 8 Study. The Rou te 8 Study and the Regional NRG Routing Study has been coordinated to ensure that the south leg of this roundabout is designed to accommodate the crossing of the trail.) The NRG will then turn south and run along the east edge of the off-ramp and terminate at the end of the Old Route 8 roadbed, off- limits to traffic and part of the Connecticut Forest & Park Association’s Blue-Blazed trail system. (To accommodate the trail on the off-ramp, the paved surface of the off ramp may need to be widened to accommodate the trail and a crash barrier.) Improvements in this area include a small kiosk with trail information and potentially a port-o-potty or composting toilet. From this trailhead, the NRG w ill continue along the Old Route 8 Trail through the Naugatuck State Forest into Beacon Falls, requiring a number of innovative engineering solutions to link the trail across the handful of existing cliffs, large retaining walls and steep scree fields. Figure 29: Trail alignment at the south end of Naugatuck illustrating the proposed location for a new bridge across the Naugatuck River. (Note: Down town Naugatuck is to the right, the State Forest to the left.) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 69 A. Greenway Trail Alignment Options Within this Study’s recommendations, there are tw o locations in Naugatuck where the proposed NRG alignment includes two potential corridors for the tra il. In both instances, the alternatives are intended to indicate a short- and long-term conne ction for the greenway. At the north end, a short-term connection is recommended along the east bank of the river where cu rrently, an informal dirt walking path exists near the edge of the river. Improving this trail to become an ADA-accessible, multi-use path will be difficult however, primarily due to its closeness to Route 8 an d seasonal flooding of the Naugatuck River. In the long term, a fully-accessible trail is recommended to run along the existing rail corridor on the west bank of the river from the Prospect Street bridge north to a proposed bridge that will connect it to the existing canoe/kayak launch along Platts Mill Road. Addi tionally, roadway and sidewalk improvements are recommended along a series of streets that lead from downtown to the Naugatuck State Forest, via Lewis Street and Hunter’s Mountain Road. This is intende d to be a short-term connection to Beacon Falls, over the hill and through the state forest, primarily for intrepid cyclists d ue to the distance and the steep topography. In the long term, options to connect through the state fores t to Beacon Falls, are recommended but will require further study due to their complexity and p robable high cost. B. Greenway Trail Characteristics The primary goal of the NRG is to provide a cont inuous greenway trail through Naugatuck connecting to Waterbury and Beacon Falls for use by pedestrians, cyc lists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other accessibility devices. In limited areas, access to equestrians is anticipated as well. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a 5-10’ la ndscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a 3’-wide grassy shoulder. This Study recomm ends the accommodation of all of these users for the maximum length of the trail as practicable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the short term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring significant engineering solutions shou ld be designed to accommodate all users in a safe and comfortable environment. In some sections, “singl e track” natural trail surfaces for hiking, mountain biking and/or equestrian use may be the best availa ble options. Water trail or ‘blueway’ options are also an important consideration so the Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe and kayak. In Naugatuck, there are two proposed paddl ecraft put-ins/take-outs in addition to the existing one along Platts Mill Road. Proposed locations include a stretch of river adja cent to the parking area at Linden Park and at the south end of Breen Field. Within Naugatuck, most of the greenway is intended to be a 10’ wide, shared-use asphalt path, with 8’ widths in constrained areas. Two-foot-wide soft-surfa ce shoulders will be included with a white shoulder line set 8-12” from the edge of the asphalt. This trail configuration is appropriate for the majority of the greenway through the Borough. If co nditions permit, a four-to-six foot, soft-surface shoulder should be considered on one side of the trail to facilitate eq uestrians and runners looking for a more comfortable surface. Locations very close to the river or wetland areas can be a permeable or semi-permeable surface (stone dust or stabilized aggregate) to reduce st orm-water runoff and make for a more “natural” appearance within environmentally sensitive areas. In Naugatuck, this cond ition may occur along the northern section of the alignment wh ere the NRG trail splits off from the railroad corridor and runs along a shelf closer to the river. Along portions of South Main Street, Hotchkiss Street and the access road into Linden Park, the trail alignment will utiliz e existing (in some case widened) sidewalks for pedestrians, wheelchairs, and young cyclists and road way improvements such as bike lanes, shoulders and signage for cyclists. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 70 | Final Regional Overview Report C. Access Points and Amenities Access to the NRG trail will be provided at a number of parking areas and trailheads in Naugatuck. Some are existing publicly-accessible sites (such as the parking lots at Linden Park and Breen Field), while others will formalize de facto parking areas (such as the shoulder along Platts Mill Road near the small boat launch). All parking lots include trailheads and/or kiosks that feature maps, safety information and environmental and historical interpretive materials. To discourage trail use by ATVs and other motorized vehicles, signs and bollards will be needed at a ll trailheads as well. Some parking lots are located near proposed small boat launches so people can park and carry their canoes and kayaks a short distance to the river. These locations may also work well for fishing access. Locations for proposed paddlecraft boat launches include a spot adjacent to the parking lot in Lind en Park and at the south end of Breen Field. Other trail-related amenities in Naugatuck will be d etermined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms, water fountain s and lighting are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. A rest station is proposed at Linden Park. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs enhance the tr ail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns, and other educational information. In 2006, COGCNV installed three interpretive signs in Linden Park along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Public health can be integ rated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Pedestrian-scale Lighting Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety along public streets that double as the NRG route, at key intersections and at trailheads. Locations for proposed lighting improvements include the section of trail from Linden Park to the Whittemore Bridge, the sp ur connection to Borough Hall and up Water Street, South Main Street and the shared driveway/path thro ugh Breen Field. Lighting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibl y emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads Potential location for new boat launch along river’s ed ge in Linden Park. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 71 and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists should be commissioned to provide art fo r the trail system, making the trail unique to its community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. In Naugatuck, pub lic art should be considered at the primary parking lot/trailhead locations at Linden Park and Breen Fi eld as well as at the future recreation area on the Uniroyal site. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 72 | Final Regional Overview Report 15e. Recommended Greenway Routing – Beacon Falls See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 73 Figure 30: Recommended Greenway Ro uting Concept in Beacon Falls. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 74 | Final Regional Overview Report The Naugatuck River Greenway in the Town of Beacon Falls will take various forms including a trail set immediately adjacent to existing road ways, soft-surface pathways adjacent to the river, “rail-with-trail” portions, and the long-term possibility of a catwalk- like trail bracketed against rock faces in the Naugatuck State Forest. The route will provide importa nt connections to public open spaces in Beacon Falls, including the State Forest, Veteran’s Park, and to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. Trail-side amenities will be provided along the route including small parking lots, picnic areas, small boat launches (canoes and kayaks), rest stops, water fountains, pub lic art, seating and interpretive signage and kiosks. The 4.3 miles of trail will enhance the quality of life fo r residents of Beacon Falls and attract new visitors. A half-mile portion of greenway along South Main Street from the Depot Street bridge to Route 42 has been funded. Greenway connections north through the Naugatuck State Forest to the Borough of Naugatuck and south to Seymour will also provide sa fe corridors for walking and biking and encourage more non-motorized trips in town. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment The Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) trail within Beacon Falls begins at the northern endpoint of the Old Route 8 roadbed. This spot at the end of Borgnis Road will include an enhanced trailhead with a handful of parking spaces, a kiosk with trail maps, dog-waste bag dispensers and possibly a port-o-potty or composting toilet. From there, the trail will connect north to Naugatuck along a path that runs on the east side of the northbound exit 25 off-ramp from Route 8. The link south to Beacon Falls will incorporate the former roadbed for approximately ¾ mile until it terminates near the edge of a steep cliff where a large concrete retaining wall was built when Route 8 was expanded into an expressway in the 1970s. Along the route, a trailhead will provide connections to the system of Blue-Blazed hiking trails in the east side of the Naugatuck State Forest . In the short term, a steep hiking trail connecting to Barton Road or possibly to the rear of the Laurel Le dge Elementary School may be the only east-side link from Naugatuck to Beacon Falls. On the west side of the river, short-term access between the two municipalities is provided by an on-street bike ro ute along Hunter’s Mountain Road in Naugatuck, through the state forest via Black Forest Road and connecting to Beacon Falls along High Rock Road. There is also a trail connection used primarily by equestrians that links the Chestnut Tree Hill Road area of the State Forest to the Larking State Park Trail to the north, via the Oxford Greens community. Preservation of this connection should be maintained and improved. Ultimately, a more convenient and ADA-accessible route is recommended to pass through the state forest within the river corridor. Creating an ADA-accessible, multi-use trail through the Naugatuck State Forest will re quire careful planning and significant funds to complete. This mile and a half stretch The steep river valley, Route 8 and the rail tracks (hidden at right) create a significant barrier for trail connectivity between Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. Section of the Blue-Blazed trail system within the Naugatuck State Forest. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 75 of the NRG trail is likely to be the most complica ted and expensive along the entire 22-mile corridor from Thomaston to Beacon Falls. This is due to the steep topography on both sides of the river, rocky slopes prone to landslides, and the presence of both Route 8 and the rai l line along the narrow stretch of flat land adjacent to the river. The preferred trail a lignment along the east side of the river will include catwalk-like sections, cantilevered paths and the cutting of shelves into steep slopes. A secondary option is to develop a dramatic—and potentially very expe nsive—bridge that spans Route 8, the river and the rail line. These two options are described in more detail in section B below. In the short-term, improvements to the existing trail system through th e state forests (signage, benches, minor regrading, etc.) could accommodate hiking and mountain bike connections. Both NRG trail options through the State Forest are intended to bring the trail to the downtown area of Beacon Falls. Currently, there is a short stretch of greenway that runs along the west sidewalk of North Main Street, connecting Volunteer Park behind the fire station with Veteran’s Park at the Depot Street corner. The unit pavers that comprise this special sidewalk work well for walkers and for ADA access but the overall dimension of this sidewalk is too narrow to accommodate adult cyclists. In the future, this section of sidewalk should either be widened or bike lanes added to the adjacent section of North Main Street. In either scenario, the center median of North Main may need to be narrowed or a travel lane removed to avoid the removal of on-street parking along the west edge of the road. The trail will continue south along the west edge of South Main Street within a corridor currently designed and funded and ready for construction in 2011. This stretch will feature a 10-12’ trail along what is currently two south-bound lanes of South Main. In this plan, one lane of south-bound and north-bound traffic will share the eastern half of the right of way. This funded portion of the tr ail exists only to the Route 42 intersection with South Main Street. From the Route 42/South Main intersection to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, there are multiple options to connect downriver to the large open space recently donated to the Town by O&G Industries. Each option maintains a continuous trail but does so within a very different context. The east option will run the trail within the Route 42 right of way from the endpoint of the funded greenway segment to the Pines Bridge. The west option (and sub-option) will incorporate the existing hi king trail on O&G property and extend it downriver to Toby’s Pond. In either option—described in more detail in section B below— a seamless connection to Toby’s Pond is anticipated. At Toby’s Pond, the NRG will be routed along the west side of the pond to the south end of the park. A narrower, non-ADA accessible spur trail will loop Route 42 south of Beacon Falls could feature the trail on either the east or west bank of the river. Autumn view of Toby’s Pond Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 76 | Final Regional Overview Report around the pond and connect back to the main entry area of the park where parking, a rest station (or port-o-potties) and boat launch will be located. Additionally, from this location, on-street bike improvements and miscellaneous sidewalk enhan cements will help to connect the greenway to the Woodland Regional High School. In the long term, the tr ail is anticipated to continue south to Seymour. To do so, a new bridge or tunnel will be needed to cross over or under the railroad tracks (used by the Metro-North Waterbury branch line) from Toby’s Pond to access an existing corridor that is being considered for a connector road between Routes 42 and 67. In lieu of cro ssing the tracks with a potentially expensive bridge, another option to ma ke the connection to Seymour is to use on-street improvements along Pines Bridge, Breault Road and the unpaved access road that continues south. B. Greenway Trail Alignment Options There are two challenging locations along the NRG alignment through Beacon Falls where multiple routing options have been studied. The first pair of options (the “North Options”) were developed to bridge the difficult gap within the heart of the Naug atuck State Forest. This section is complex due to the steep slopes along both sides of the river (including c liffs and man-made retaining walls), the presence of Route 8 on the east bank of the river and the active rail line on the west bank. The short term solution to bypass this gap is to improve walking/hiking access through the Blue-Bla zed trail system on the east side and to develop an on-street route for cyclists on the west side via Lewis Street, Hunters Mountain Road and Black Forest Road. It is recommended that a longer-term and more expensive connection be pursued for this nearly one-mile gap in orde r to create a continuous and fully accessible, multi-use trail from Thomaston to Beacon Falls. Of the two options studied, the east option is more favorable, but a western connection—via a long-span bridge—has significant merit as well (see Figure 30: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept map on page 73 for North East and North West option locations). In addition, a third option was considered but ultimately eliminated because of technical problems and the likely high cost. Called the “tunnel option”, it studied the potential widening of the existing culvert tunnel below Route 8, provided during the construction of the highway to provide fisherman access to the river from the Naugatuck State Forest. From the west edge of the tunnel, a bridge was then proposed to cross the river and the railroad tracks. North East Option The preferred North East Option will maintain a fully accessible, multi-use trail connection on the east side of the river, connecting directly into the downtown area that fronts North and South Main Streets. It will not require crossing Route 8 or the river because it will utilize portions of the Old Route 8 road bed. Accommodation of the NRG trail along this alignment will require crossing at least three sections of rock face, concrete retaining wall or loose rock. An engineered solution at relatively significant expense and required permitting will be necessary to bridge over these sections safely. Between these three Two of the major obstacles on the east side of the river: the large retaining wall and the scree field immediately adjacent. Catwalk Trail in New Mexico’s Gila National Forest. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 77 sections, however, portions of the Old Route 8 road be d are extant and are likely in usable condition. From the north, the first difficult section is the la rge concrete retaining wall adjacent to the northbound lanes of Route 8, just south of the termination of the Old Route 8 road bed. The wall is approximately 200’ long and cannot be crossed from above because of its 120’+ height. The most appropriate method to get around the wall will be to build a catwalk-like trail section that is 8-10’ wide, running approximately 60’ above the grade of Route 8. Bracketed against the reta ining wall, the trail is likely to look similar to the “Catwalk Trail” through a canyon in New Mexico’s Gila National Forest. A few hundred feet south of the wall, the trail will cross a sloping scree field of loose rocks that will require a differently-engineered solution likely to involve deep pilings and tie backs. Between and adjacent to these two barriers are steep, but manageable, slopes that will require the developm ent of a “shelf” to accommodate the trail. A few hundred feet south, another cliff sits adjacent to Rou te 8 and it will be crossed with a catwalk-like trail bracketed to the rockface. Immediately past this cliff, the Old Route 8 road bed currently continues towards Beacon Falls and discontinues a few hundred feet short of the end of North Main Street. This trail connection will be made by incorporating the NRG (and accompanying security fence) within the Route 8 right of way, allowing the bypass of a re sidential property along Beacon Street. Along North Main Street, the sidewalk is relatively narrow and sp ace will need to be made for the trail. This could include the removal of a lane of traffic in either or both directions, striped on-street bikes lanes or the narrowing of the existing median that separates traffic on the two-way road. North West Option In lieu of the east-side connection, the Naugatuck State Forest gap will be closed in this option by the development of a long-span bridge that springs from the end of the existing Old Route 8 road bed, across Route 8, the Naugatuck River, and rail line and will connect to a small landing on the west bank sitting approximately 30’ above the grade of the rail line below (see Figure 31 and 32 at right and on the following page). The bridge has the potential to be a spectacular gateway into the Central Naugatuck River Valley and feature spectacular views. It could provide not just a continuous greenway link but help create access from one side of th e state forest to the other, linking the Blue-Blazed hiking trail system. From the landing on the west side, a shelf will be carved into the steeply-sloped area (including some cliff sections) gradually ramp down to the east end of Black Forest Road, a public right of way in the state forest. (This shelf would be built adjacent to an active rail corridor so careful planning will be needed to minimize disruption to rail servi ce and provide a safe environment for construction workers and future NRG trail users.) At this spot, ex isting interpretive signs and a parking area will serve the trail. Within this vicinity, a port-o-potty or composting toilet should be considered as well. Figure 31: Cross-sectional view of th e Naugatuck River Valley illustrating the large span bridge feat ured in the West Option. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 78 | Final Regional Overview Report A new bridge over the brook and a series of public roads (High Rock Road on state forest land, Cold Spring Road, Lopus Road and the Depot Street brid ge) will make the connection back into downtown Beacon Falls. This route will use roadways in limited rights-of-way and opportunities for greenway trail enhancements such as a new sidewalk or bike lanes is limited. Traffic is light however, and the sharing of the roadway is certainly possible, but will not accommodate ADA requirements. Figure 32: Existing and photo-simulation view of the west end of the long-span bridge over Route 8, the river and the railroad line. The structural piers are configured to accommodate a second track in the future. Near the south end of th e alignment through Beacon Falls, th ere are two options for connectivity between the downtown area and Toby’s Pond and R ecreational Park (called “South Options”). One runs along the east side of the river and the other on th e west. The South West Option additionally includes a sub-option within the corridor (see Figure 30: R ecommended Greenway Routing Concept map for South East and South West option locations). South East Option The South East Option maintains the NRG trail within CTDOT’s Route 42 right of way. This stretch of Route 42 is a remnant of Old Route 8 and has no curb cuts or intersections making it an ideal location for a greenway trail. Currently, there are two south-bound travel lanes from the Bethany Road/South Main intersection that narrow to one travel lane upon the approach to the exit 23 off ramp from north- bound Route 8. This option proposes that a single-lan e configuration south-bound be considered for the entire stretch from Bethany Road to the Route 8 over pass to accommodate the trail. (This will, of course, Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 79 require further traffic analysis and discussion with CTDOT to explore its feasibility.) From the overpass to Pines Bridge, the trail will use the shoulder—potentially accompanied by a narrowed median—of the north/west side of Route 42 passing a small residential neighborhood between Route 8 and the river. Here, a short spur trail will connect the NRG trail to Riverbend Park, maintained by Trout Unlimited. To cross the river at Pines Bridge, a parallel trail bridge is recommended to sit adjacent to the existing span on the north side. There are old bridge abutments in this location and their feasibility for use in the new bridge will need to be explored. South West Option The South West Option takes advantage of an existing, publicly-accessible trail network on O&G property behind the Murtha Industrial Park on the wes t bank of the Naugatuck River. The trail will need to be regraded with a stone-dust surface and widene d to 8’ to accommodate cyclists and ADA access but maintains its wooded, natural character. To reach th e trailhead on the north end, a new bridge will span the river and connect the O&G trail to the end of the previously approved and funded section of greenway along South Main Street. At the south end of the O&G trail, there are two options to link it with the north end of Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, both of which run through O&G’s wash plant. South West Option A will maintain a multi-use trail al ong the river, passing under the Route 8 overpass and along the south side of the wash plant. Option B will continue the NRG trail under Route 8 via the private extension of Railroad Avenue that parallels the Metro-North railroad along the west side of the wash plant. This route is still used occasionally by O&G trucks and space is limited due to the nearby active rail line, so sharing of the corridor will be require d. At the southern edge of the wash plant facility, the two sub-options will come together and continue south to Toby’s Pond. This quarter-mile segment is within the rail corridor but is a broad dirt road that is used by O&G to access Toby’s Pond. The existing dirt road can accommodate a greenway trail/O&G vehi cle corridor along with the 25’ buffer from the tracks required by CTDOT (see Figure 33 on following page). View of Pines Bridge fr om Toby’s Pond with a new parallel trail bridge likely to cross to the north of the existing span (at far left). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 80 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 33: Existing and photo-simulation view of the rail corridor adjacent to Lopus Road (at left) between the O&G wash plant (background) and Toby ’s Pond and Recreational Park. C. Greenway Trail Characteristics The primary goal of the NRG is to provide a continuous pathway through Beacon Falls that is accessible to pedestrians, cyclists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other accessibility devices. In limited area, access to equestrians is anticipated as well. The dawn-to-dusk pathway will be designed for use as both a transportation corridor (commuting, errands, etc.) and for recreational purposes. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a 5’-10’ landscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a 3’-wide grassy shoulder. This Study recommends the accommodation of all of these Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 81 uses for the maximum length of the trail as practi cable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the shor t term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring significant engineering solutions should be designed to accommodate all users safely and comfortably. Through the Naugatuck State Forest, a “single track” hiking trail (part of the Blue- Blazed system) for hiking, mountain biking and/or eque strian use is the best available option in the short term. Water trail or ‘blueway’ options are also an important consideration so th e Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe and kayak. Curre ntly, there are two existing paddlecraft boat launches and take-out areas in town, one at Riverbed Park and the other at Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. Within Beacon Falls, most of the greenway is intended to be a 10’ wide, shared-use asphalt path, with 8’ widths in constrained areas. Two-foot wide soft-sur face shoulders (stone dust or packed gravel) will be included with a white shoulder line set 8- 12” from the edge of the asphalt. This trail configuration is appropriate for the majority of the greenway through the Town. If conditions permit, a four-to- six foot, soft-surface shoulder should be considered on one side of the trail to facilitate equestrians and runners looking for a more comfortable surface. Locations very close to the river or wetland areas can be a permeable or semi-permeable surface (stone dust or packed aggregate with a binding agent) to reduce storm-water runoff and make for a more “natural” a ppearance. In Beacon Falls, this condition may occur in portions of the trail on O&G property south of the downtown area. Along portions of North Main Street, the NRG will incorporate the unit-paver sidewalk along the west side of the street. The design of the trail through sections adjacent to the unit-paver sidewalk should incorporate this design detail so that it’s a consistent feature through the entire downtown area. An option is to replace the unit pavers with a surface that is more consis tent with other stretches of the NRG trail. D. Access Points and Amenities The NRG trail includes a number of parking areas and trailheads to provide access to the transportation and recreational corridor. Some existing public park ing areas will serve as access points for the NRG, including the commuter park-and-ride lot on Cross St reet in Naugatuck, the parking area at High Rock Grove in the Naugatuck State Forest, and at Volun teer Park. Other parking areas are not paved and/or ADA accessible and will need to be improved su ch as the O&G trailhead off Railroad Avenue and Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, whose parking lo t experiences flooding during the spring months. Because of this, rebuilding the latter parking lot at a slightly higher grade and with a fully permeable surface should be considered. All parking lots include trailheads and/or kiosks that feature maps, dog- waste bag dispensers, safety information and environmental and historica l interpretive materials. To discourage trail use by ATVs and other motorized ve hicles, signs and bollards will be needed at all trailheads as well. Some parking lots are located near existing small boat launches so people can park and carry their canoes and kayaks a short distance to the river. These locations may also work well for fishing access. An 8’-wide permeable portion of the NRG in Beacon Falls could look like the Airline Rail Trail in Eastern Connecticut. (photo: Clare Haney via flickr ) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 82 | Final Regional Overview Report Other trail-related amenities in Beacon Falls will be determined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms, water fountain s and lighting are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. A rest station is proposed at Toby’s Pond and a composting toilet is recommended at the High Rock parking area in the Naugatuck State Forest. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs enhance the tr ail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns, and other educational information. Public health can be integ rated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Recently, interpretive signs have been installed with COGCNV’s assistance at High Rock Grove in the Naugatuck State Forest, and at Volunteer and Veteran’s Parks downtown. Pedestrian-scale Lighting . Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety at key lo cations along the NRG route and at trailheads. In Beacon Falls, the stretch of trail along North and South Main should be well lit, especially the Depot Street intersection. Additionally, designated parking areas, rest stations and trailheads should have a modest level of lighting for safety reasons. Lighting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibly emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists can be commissioned to provide art for the trail system, making the trail unique to its community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. Public art insta llations along the greenway should be consistent with a design theme, based on the surrounding context. In Beacon Falls, public art should be considered at key locations along the NRG, such as where the trail en ters/exits the downtown area along North and South Main Streets and the entrance to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 83 16. Use of the Rail Corridor Throughout discrete portions of the 22-mile Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) corridor, the recommended trail route runs within the state-owned, active rail corridor. The portion of the corridor south of the Waterbury train station carries the Waterbury branch of the Metro-North Commuter Railroad. North of the train station, the tracks ar e primarily used by the Naugatuck Railroad, providing scenic tours of the river valley from Torrington to Waterbury. This serv ice is run by volunteers from the Railroad Museum of New England which owns the Naug atuck Railroad. Freight trains also occasionally run along the tracks both north and south of Waterbury. Because of the use patterns of the rail line adjacent to the river, th e NRG’s alignment will need to be carefully designed so as not to disrupt train servi ce. Early on in the planning process, members of the project team met with rail operations officials from the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) in New Haven to better understand their needs for the corridor. According to CTDOT, the agency is open to considering having a greenway trail as long as operations are not disrupted and the following conditions are met:  A 25’ setback/buffer from the centerline of the tracks to the edge of the trail to accommodate future double tracking, rail spurs and/or electrif ication towers (it is important to note, however, that CTDOT’s Waterbury/New Canaan Branch Lines Study does not recommend double tracking or electrification because of high costs and limited benefits)  Unencumbered access for service and emergency vehicles  A security fence with intermittent gates for maintenance access  A future greenway trail construction schedule that is coordinated with Metro-North’s summer maintenance schedule when Waterbury Branch rail service is suspended and replaced with buses.  Any maintenance of the railroad corridor should be coordinated with futu re greenway construction for maximum efficiency of time and funding The project team also met with me mbers of the Railroad Museum of New England (RMNE) and written comments from the Executive Director were subseque ntly received as well. The RMNE is a strong supporter of the NRG Greenway and endorses the pla nning efforts. They understand that there is a potential synergy between the trail and the museum and that some visitors to the RMNE may arrive by foot or bike after the NRG is built. Additionally, it is hoped that some greenway users may use the Naugatuck Railroad as a shuttle service and take the train one way and walk or bike back to their original destination. Along the NRG adjacent to the rail line used by the Naugatuck Railroad, the trail will need to be designed for accessibility by railroad personnel n eeding to clear obstructions that may result from a storm or other damage. Many of these conditions are consistent with research conducted for the U.S. DOT’s Rail-with-Trails: Lessons Learned document by Alta Planning + Design (see: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ rectrails/rwt/toc.htm). This document showed that well-design ed rail-with-trail projects typically meet the operational needs of railroads. In some loca tions, the setback/buffer can be as low as 10’ in constrained areas within rail corridors that have a low frequency and low-speed train service. (If double tracking or rail sidings were to occur in the future along the Waterbury branch line, this would be the condition of the NRG through portions of Naugatuck and Beacon Falls.) Regardless of setback distance, some recommended NRG rail-with-trail portions may not fit neatly on to the existing rail bed used by maintenance vehicles. In some cases, achieving the 25’ setback may require the cutting of adjacent trees, re-grading of a portion of the bed and, in some cases, potentially building small retaining walls to accommodate the additional width. In extreme pinch poi nts, the bare minimum setback will need to be at least 12’ to accommodate maintenance vehicles and other machinery. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 84 | Final Regional Overview Report It is also important to recognize, according to the U.S. DOT’s report, that the rail-with-trail portions of the greenway can provide benefits to the rail-corridor owner and operator. This includes providing them with a new, well- maintained service corridor adjacent to the tracks (in the form of a greenway trail), and a reduction of illegal track crossings, trespassing and dumping. In addition, towns and cities have seen benefits with increased adjacent property values and enhanced access to the rail corridor by law enforcement and emergency vehicles. On the following pages, a series of maps are presented to illustrate areas in Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls in which the NRG trail runs within the state-owned rail corridor. In Thomaston and Waterbury, there are no “rail with trail” stretches of the greenway. Greenway trail in Portland, Oregon whose edge runs within 10-15’ of the centerline of the adjacent active rail line. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 85 Figure 34: Rail with Trail Alignment Diagram for Watertown. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 86 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 35: Rail with Trail Alignment Diagram for Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 87 Figure 36: Rail with Trail Alig nment Diagram for Beacon Falls. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 88 | Final Regional Overview Report 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits Two separate, but related, questions must be answered in order to develop a recommended sequence of greenway construction. What are the limits of each individual construction phase? What is the best sequence in which to complete these sections? Secti on limits were determined with an eye toward the following characteristics:  Connectivity – Individual phases should be useful as stand-alone projects and connect to existing public rights-of-way adjacent to resident ial neighborhoods or an employment area.  Funding Availability – The complete greenway program should be broken into reasonably-sized projects likely to attract funding.  Logical Termini – Since several years may pass between the completion of one section and the beginning of the next, each section should have a logical terminus, such as at an existing public road or park.  Momentum Building – Greenway sections likely to generate the greatest excitem ent and enthusiasm in the community should be built first.  Consistency of Character – Areas in which the character remains consistent from end to end. Using these criteria as a guide, recommended section limits were established for the four municipalities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. These sections were then evaluated using criteria that were developed in conjunction with the Naugatuck River Greenway Committee. The results of this evaluation lead to the prioritization of the 11 trail secti ons throughout the corridor. Because the Waterbury Greenway planning process was developed separatel y, priority recommendations for the city are not included here. 18. Trail Section Prioritization Whenever possible, greenway facilities should be deve loped as single construction projects or using as few phases as possible. This allows project proponent s—elected officials, business interests, community groups, etc.—to realize significant cost savings by pe rforming the design, permitting and construction administration more efficiently. However, it is qui te likely that financial constraints will require the various sections of the Naugatuck River Greenway to be completed in seve ral phases. For each of the four municipalities, a recommended phasing plan was created by weighing seven criteria (relative weighting of each criterion shown in parentheses) with the prioritization matrix, Table 1, shown on the following page: 1. Connectivity (25%) – Does the phase connect to existing portions of the greenway, destinations, or amenities? 2. Permitting Requirements (15%) – W ill the phase be easy to permit? 3. Construction Cost (10%) – Will the pha se be economical to construct? 4. Ease of Construction (10%) – Will the phase cr eate fewer disturbances to the community? 5. Private Property Impacts (15%) – Does the phase avoid private property or adversely impacting adjacent property owners? 6. Momentum Building (15%) – Will the phase gene rate excitement and enthusiasm within the community for the overall greenway? 7. Cultural Benefits (10%) – Are there natural, historical, environmental, recreational, or educational resources that will be accessed or protected by the phase? Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 89 The results of the evaluation have shown that one of the two or three NRG trail sections per municipality stands out as the clear priority project. The quartet s hould help to chart a course for a regional strategy that looks at funding portions of the greenway in an effective manner; one that will ultimately introduce portions of the greenway to Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls at approximately the same time period. It also highlights the great potential of the Downtown Thomaston to Frost Bridge Road segment of the NRG as a transportation and recr eational amenity that should be designed, funded and implemented at approximately the same time (see Regional NRG Trail Priority Sections map on following page). Additionally, the priority projects so uth of Waterbury are those projects that extend the linear length of the previously-funded NRG proj ects in downtown Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, respectively. Finally, the evaluation matrix acknowledges that connecting all four towns to each other and to Waterbury’s portion of the NRG will be a long- term endeavor but one that will bring tremendous rewards for the tens of thousands of people that live in the region. T-1 T-2 T-3 W-1 W-2 N-1 N-2 N-3 BF-1 BF-2 BF-3 Connectivity Prioritize phases that will build the greatest connectivity 25%Connects to at least one existing/funded and two planned greenway facilities: 25 Connects to one existing/funded greenway facility or downtown area and one planned greenway facility: 10-15 Long-term link needed to build regional network: 0 10 10 25 10 15 15 25 10 10 15 0 Permitting Requirements Favor phases that involve fewer regulatory hurdles 15n be constructed with only Local Approval: 15 Requires only “General Permits” at the state or federal level: 5-10 Extensive individual state and federal permits required: 0 10 15 10 10 10 0 15 0 5 10 10 Construction Cost Prefer phases with a lower cost per linear foot of completed trail 10%Per Linear Foot cost less than $150: 10 Per Linear Foot cost is between $150 and $250: 5 Per Linear Foot cost exceeds $250: 0 5 5 0105550055 Ease of Construction Select phases with less disturbance to local community over more invasive projects 10n be built with little or no inconvenience to the community: 10 Construction will create only minor inconvenience: 5 Construction will entail significant inconvenience or temporary closure of road/rails: 0 5 0 10 10 5 10 5 10 0 5 10 Property Impacts Favor projects that require fewer Rights-of-Way on private property 15%Phase entails no impacts to private landowners: 15 Phase requires easements or acquisition across 1-3 private properties: 5-10 Phase requires easements or acquisition across >3 private properties: 010 15 0 1510151015151010 Momentum Building Prioritize phases that will generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm within the community 15%Completion is likely to create significant enthusiasm within the community: 15 Completion is likely to create some enthusiasm within the community: 5-10 Phase serves will serve most users only after adjacent connections are made: 015 10 15 15 15 10 10 15 15 15 0 Cultural Benefits Select phases that provide greater access to natural, historical, recreational, archeological or educational resources 10%This section contains significant cultural resources: 10 This section contains some cultural resources: 5 This section contains few cultural resources: 051010555505100 Total Score 100% 60 65 70 75 65 60 75 50 50 70 35Thomaston Watertown Naugatuck Beacon Falls Criteria % of Evaluation Scoring   Table 1: Trail Section Prioritization Matrix. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 90 | Final Regional Overview Report   Figure 37: Regional NRG Trail Priority Sections Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 91 19. Cost Estimate Right-of-Way Acquisition Costs Payments to owners for the easements and parcels required to construct the greenway vary widely depending up existing land use, size and utility of th e portion of a parcel acquired, development potential of the area, and a host of other factors. Based u pon recent greenway projects within Connecticut, these costs may range between $40,000 and $100,000 per pa rcel. In addition to the payments to property owners, the services of a licensed surveyor will be n eeded during the ROW process. The survey firm will perform boundary surveys and prepare easement maps th at must be recorded in the municipalities’ land records. These services typically cost $3,000 to $5,000 per easement. Note: this range assumes that easement maps are prepared after survey base maps of the proposed corridor are developed. Finally, legal services will be needed to perform the property transactions. A relatively simple easement transaction will typically cost on the order of $1,500 per tr ansaction if performed by outside counsel. Engineering Costs Engineering costs cover a variety of professional services, including:  Survey (including preparation of ea sement maps as described above)  Preliminary, Semi-Final and Final Design  Public Participation  Permitting (Local, State and Federal as required)  Preparation of Construction Documents  Bid Assistance  Construction Observation and Contract Administration Based upon similar project experience and the proposed greenway features, the engineering costs for the greenway are expected to be in the range of 8-12 % of the estimated construction cost. However, the actual cost of these services will vary widely depe nding on project phasing. To a large extent, the costs of permitting, preparing bid documents and administering the construction for a single phase is the same as the cost for the entire project. Similarly, survey and de sign are more cost effective if done at one time. For this reason, significant cost savings can be rea lized by developing the greenway as a single project. Construction Costs Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this report. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g. replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines , dated January 2010. In keeping with CTDOT’s co st estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 92 | Final Regional Overview Report and protection of traffic [4%], minor items [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Cost estimates can also be impacted when a local public works department carries out the work. In these cases, so me of CTDOT’s estimated add-ons would not apply. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit pr ices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with othe r greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemented where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre-fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Since these preliminary estimates are based on a planning -level understanding of trail components, rather than a detailed design, they should be considered “order of magnitude” estimates. ASTM Standard E2620 defines order of magnitude as being accurate to within plus 50% or minus 30% of actual cost. This broad range of potential costs is appropriate given the level of uncertainty in the design at this point in the process. Many factors can affect final construction costs, including:  Revisions to the design as required by local, state and federal permitting agencies  Additional requirements imposed by property owners as a condition of granting property rights (e.g., fencing, vegetated buffers, etc.)  Fluctuations in commodity prices during the design and permitting proces ses  Selected construction materials  Type and quantity of amenities (e.g., benches, lighting, bike racks, etc.)  Extent of landscaping desired As the project progresses through preliminary, semi-final, and final design phases, these uncertainties will begin to diminish. With each round of refinement, the range of expected construction costs will become more accurately known. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 93 20. Community Phasing Plans The following tables provide a description of phase limits, phase lengths, recommended construction priority, and estimated cost for the five municipalities in the corridor. (The detailed cost estimation tables and location maps are provided in Appendix C.) Th e tables and appendix are also broken down into “Primary” and “Secondary” portions, i.e. trail elem ents that are necessary for the completion of the primary portion of the NRG trail vs. secondary elements such as spurs, loops and streetscape improvements that are not integral to the full co mpletion of the trail within the town limits. Thomaston Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost T‐ 1  Thomaston Dam  to  Railroad  Museum   1.5  3 $1,716,000  T‐2  East  Main  Street  Bridge  and  Elm  Street   0.5  2  $1,913,000   T‐3  Seth Thomas  Factory  to Watertown  Line   1.9  1 $1,900,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  3.9    $5,529,000     Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*       $372,000  Watertown Waterbury Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost WB‐1  Thomaston  Town  Line  to  Huntingdon  Avenue  Section  Not Determined   $4,192,000  WB‐2  Huntingdon  Avenue  to Steele  Brook Section   Not Determined   $3,576,000  WB‐3  Steele Brook to  West  Main  Street  Section   Not Determined   $4,127,000  WB‐4  Downtown  Section   Not Determined   $2,174,000  WB‐5  Liberty Street  to  Eagle  Street  Bridge  Section   Not Determined   $2,279,000  WB‐6  South  Main  Street  and  Platts  Mills  Road  Section   Not Determined   $3,037,000    Total  Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary      $19,385,000    Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*        $3,996,000  Naugatuck Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost N‐1  Waterbury Line to  Pulaski  Bridge   1.1  2  $1,140,000 N‐2  Maple  Street  Bridge  to  Breen  Field  0.8  1  $1,192,000 N‐2  Breen Field  to  Beacon  Falls  Line   1.4   3  $2,044,000   Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  3.3   $4,376,000   Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*       $888,000 Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost W‐1  Thomaston Line  to  Frost  Bridge  Road   2.7  1 $1,847,000  W‐2  Frost  Bridge  Road  to  Waterbury  Line  0.7  2  $917,000   Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary 3.4  $2,764,000     Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*       $1,970,000  Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 94 | Final Regional Overview Report Beacon Falls Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost BF‐1   Naugatuck Line  to  Main  Street   1.8  2  $2,744,000 BF‐2   Main  Street  to  Toby’s  Pond   1.8  1  $1,357,000 BF‐3   Toby’s Pond  to  Seymour  Line   0.7   3  $681,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  4.3   $4,782,000   Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*       $910,000 *- These secondary items are highlighted on the trail segment cost estimate tables in Appendix C. 21. Greenway Zoning Greenway/River Overlay Zoning A greenway/river overlay zone is a land use regulation established by a municipality for the purpose of protecting a linear corridor for recreational and conservation purposes. These zones have also demonstrated ancillary benefits such as spurring economic development, facilitating redevelopment of underutilized parcels, improving flood management an d water quality and preserving critical habitats. When incorporated into municipal zoning regulations, overlay zones modify the underlying zone’s bulk standards and uses. This tool ca n be used to encourage or dissuade various development scenarios. Relevant to greenway development, overlay zones may be used to:  Alter setback requirements.  Provide incentives in the form of higher developm ent density in exchange for public access to a greenway or river corridor.  Provide incentives for granting easements or providing related amenities for the greenway.  Stipulate landscaping requirements.  Require construction of greenway segments as a condition of site development. Excellent examples of the greenway overlay zoning that have served as model ordinances for communities across the nation include:  Portland, OR – http://www.portlandonline.com/bds/index.cfm?a=53351 (Chapter 33.440 of the Portland Zoning Regulations)  Davidson, NC – http://www.ci.davidson.nc.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1304 (Section 11 of the Town of Davidson Planning Ordinance) Riparian Habitat Zones A riparian habitat ordinance is narrowly focused on protecting the unique habitat present along stream channels and wetland areas. Unlike the Greenway and River Overlay zones described above, a riparian habitat zone does not contain sp ecific requirements for public acce ss or accommodation of a greenway and can be used in areas adjacent to the NRG or along tributaries of the Naugatuck River. Elements of effective riparian habitat ordinances include: Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 95  Defines a protected buffer.  Requires a written plan for the protection of the resource.  Requires approval of mitigation measures as a condition of project approval. An example riparian habitat ordinance from Napa, California can be found at the National Center for Appropriate Technology’s (NCAT) Smart Communities Network website: www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/codes/napaord.shtml . This site is a clearinghouse for sustainable development and energy conservation ideas. Complete Streets Complete streets are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users. 1 The State of Connecticut enacted Public Act 09-154 in June of 2009, “An A ct Improving Bicycle and Pedestrian Access”. This law requires transportation planners to accommodate all use rs as “a routine part of the planning, design construction and operating activities of all highways …” This change in focus from car-centric to user- centric planning helps create safer, healthier, gr eener and more livable communities. The law also mandates that at least 1% of highway funding be spent on pedestrian and bicycle facilitates. Many municipalities are choosing to formalize their commitment to include all users in the transportation planning process by adopting Complete Streets ordinances. Whereas the overlay zoning regulations described above focus on protecting undeveloped or underdeveloped corridors, Complete Streets ordinances focus on improving facilities within public rights-of- way. Several excellent examples of successful municipal ordinances can be found at www.completestreets.org/webdocs/policy/cs-chart-samplepolicy.pdf 22. Funding Sources Generally, greenways are funded through a combination of local, state, and federal sources. Many funding programs require a minimum local match (e.g., 80% federal funds, 20% local). In some instances, communities have successfully leveraged grant money from private foundations or state programs as a match for other funding sources. Land donations or town public works cre w’s labor may be counted as local match under some funding programs. Community leaders and elected officials from all four communities should pursue a variety of funding sources for land acquisition and greenway construction. Reliance on a single funding source can lead to a 1 National Complete Streets Coalition, “Complete Streets FAQ.” 2009.http://www.completestreets.org/complete-streets- fundamentals/complete-streets -faq/ (accessed May 19, 2010). An ideal complete streets policy  Includes a vision for the comm unity’s complete streets.  Defines ‘all users.’  Encourages street conne ctivity for all modes.  Is adoptable by all agencies to cover all roads.  Applies to both new and retrofit projects.  Makes exceptions specific and re quires approval of exceptions.  Directs the use of the latest and best design standards.  Complements the contex t of the community.  Establishes performance standard s with measurable outcomes.  Includes specific next steps for implementation of the policy. Adopted from National Complete Streets Coalition Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 96 | Final Regional Overview Report boom/bust cycle of construction as funding levels shift with the political winds. The following list gives overview of the major funding programs: Municipal Bonds Municipalities have access to the commercial financia l markets via bonds. Use of this funding mechanism is dependent upon strong community support in order to pass the required bond referendum. This is frequently used to obtain the required local ma tch for state and federal funding program. Greenway Trust Fund A strategy used by some communities is the creati on of a trust fund for land acquisition and facility operation. These are typically administered by a n on-profit group or by a local greenway commission. These trusts can perform a variety of functions such as property acquisition, fund raising, volunteer organization, community outreach and advocacy. Money may be contributed to the trust fund from a variety of sources, including the municipal general funds, private grant s and gifts. Adopt-A-Trail Programs These programs are often administered by a local greenway commission and used to fund new construction, renovation, trail brochures, informati onal kiosks, and other amenities. These programs can also be extended to include sponsorship of trail segments for housekeeping needs. Federal Transportation Bill The Congress appropriates funding for federal trans portation projects every five years. The federal transportation bill has been the primary source for greenways construction money in recent years. Various funding programs within the legislation relate to greenway devel opment, including the High Priority Projects (commonly referred to as “earmarks”), Recreational Trails, and Safe Routes to Schools programs. These funds are administered throug h the Connecticut DOT and the Connecticut DEP. The current iteration of the federal Transportation Bill, the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) expired on September 30, 2009. Funding has been continued by continuing resoluti ons until the next federal transportation bill is approved. The next transportation bill is currently being developed by Congress. This presents an opportunity for municipalities to discuss greenway fund ing under the High Priority Projects program with their representatives in Congress. Recreational Trails Program. These annual grants are available to government and non-profit agencies, for amounts ranging from $5,000 to $50,000 or more, for the building of trails . It is a reimbursement grant program (sponsor must fund 100% of the project up front) and requires a 20 % local match. These grants are authorized by the SAFETEA-LU (reauthorization in progress, see abov e), and in Connecticut they are administered by the Department of Environmental Protection. Design Arts Program The National Endowment for the Arts provides gran ts to states and local agencies, individuals and nonprofit organizations for projects that incorpora te urban design, historic preservation, planning, Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 97 architecture, landscape architecture and other community improvement activities, including greenway development. Grants to organizations and agencies must be matched by a 50-percent local contribution. Agencies can receive up to $50,000. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE) prov ides grants as part of their USACOE Handshake Program. The link to find out more information can be found at: http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/employees/challenge/handshake.cfm Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 98 | Final Regional Overview Report 23. Next Steps The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study is just the first step in the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG). The NRG will be a long-term, multi-phase project led by the municipalities along the corridor, in cooperation wi th state and federal agencies. It will require the continued involvement of members of the public, el ected officials at all levels of government and community groups in order to support and guide the implementation effort. The following ‘next steps’ are recommended in order to move the effort forward in a sustainable fashion:  Adopt the Study: The City of Waterbury has recently adopted its plan for the portion of the NRG that runs through the city. The four other municipalities within the corridor could do the same within a timely manner. Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls could amend their Plans of Conservation and Developm ent to incorporate the greenway alignment. The municipalities should also pursue endorsement of the Study by their most relevant commissions, such as the Planning and Zoni ng Commission(s), Recreation Commission, Economic Development Commission and Conservation Commission.  Create the Right-of-Way: This will ensure that the proposed alignment for the trail is gradually assembled and made available for public access. This can be accomplished by using: o New zoning regulations to ensure that the greenway is accommodated into redevelopment proposals along the alignmen t (see Greenway Zoning section of the report for more detail). A greenway overlay dist rict, in particular, can be an effective tool for a municipality to require that tra il facilities are integrated into redevelopment projects. A greenway district could also sh ape the quality of the development by ensuring that only uses compatible to the gr eenway can be located along side of it. o Solicitations of easement or outright ownership should also be considered when key privately-owned parcels are on the market. o Begin negotiations with public agencies to ensure that all necessary approvals and permits are completed in order to create an easement across public lands. This can be a lengthy process, especially in areas of environmental sensitivity or at brownfield sites. Stretches of the NRG that permit access to equestrians will need to be considered on a case-by-case basis by each of the municipalities as well.  Find Project “Champions” to Raise Awareness and Money: Each municipality should identify an individual, commission or committee to oversee subsequent steps in the design, funding and implementation process for the greenway. (The involvement of the local business community and/or Chamber of Commerce will be cr itical as well.) This will ensure continuity of effort even as elected officials, First Selectmen and Mayoral administrations change. Fundraising, in particular, is an important component that should begin immediately. Available funding opportunities including: federal transportation funds, regional TIP funding (via COGCNV), economic stimulus/TIGER grants , national recreational trails grants, and state open space grants should be pursued on an annual basis to ensure success (see Funding Sources section of the report for more detail).  Establish a Public-Private-Non-Profit Partnership: Establishment of a “Friends of the NRG” non-profit organization can be an effecti ve advocate for the project. In conjunction with the project “Champion”, this non-profit or ganization can coordinate volunteers, develop an ‘adopt-a-mile’ program and raise funds thro ugh the sale of trail elements including benches, bridges, trailheads, public art, bike racks and trees. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 99  Find “Early Win” Projects: Support for continued action at the local level will grow out of small successes that move the project or in dividual pieces of the project forward. Neighborhood cleanups and ‘adoption’ of futu re trail sections can help build long-term support. Frequent ribbon cuttings, festivals and events create long- term visibility for the project. Development of maps and other NRG pr omotional material will help to publicize the future trail and build excitement. Celebrating every opportunity, no matter how small, can be just as important as a major ribbon cutting for the finished project.  Negotiate with CTDOT : Town/Borough planners and future design consultants will need to work closely with the Connecticut Department of Transportation to: o Ensure that the needs of the railroad corridor and commuter-rail service are met. In particular, coordination with CTDOT on the federally-mandated Positi ve Train Control (PTC) Plan will be necessary to ensure that the PTC Plan does not preclude the greenway’s routing and incorpor ates the trail’s recommended alignment. o Coordinate with the Highwa y Division on the use of state highway rights of way. The NRG alignment utilizes the shoulders of a number of signed state highways and on/off-ramps, and recommends the use of some state-owned bridges for greenway access. Additionally, bicycle improv ements such as shoulder striping and signage are recommended on a number of sta te routes outside of the immediate river corridor.  Negotiate with US Army Corps of Engineers : Town of Thomaston planners and future design consultants will also need to work closely with the US Army Corps of Engineers to ensure the continuity of the NRG into the Federal lands that surround the Thomaston Dam. The alignment will need to be incorporated into the Corps of Engineer’s master plan for the Thomaston Dam. According to the Corps, their master planning process will include land surveys, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analyses, cost sharing and alternative analyses as well as real estate out-granting of a le ase of license for the trail. All of this will be subject to public input and a hearing. With these actions moving forward, the Naugatuck River Greenway will be a significant asset for the region’s residents, businesses and visitors. The trail will enhance non-motorized transportation opportunities and bring a recreational amenity that rivals any within the State of Connecticut. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 100 | Final Regional Overview Report This page intentionally blank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 101 Appendices Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 102 | Final Regional Overview Report Appendix A – Community Input Detailed A key component of the Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) and the consultant team’s efforts was community involvement and seeking input on the identification of a feasible greenway routing. After a number of years of ina ctivity, the Regional Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway Committee (RNRGC) was reconvened to help steer the routing study. Repr esentatives on the RNRGC included officials from Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beac on Falls as well as representatives from state and federal agencies, such as Connecticut DOT and DEP, National Parks Service and the Army Corps of Engineers. Staff members of the two U.S. Represen tatives that represent the Naugatuck River Valley were also on the committee. The committee met every six to eight weeks and all meetings were open to the public. The RNRGC played an important role in guiding the direction of the routing study and in keeping municipalities, government agencies and U.S. Representatives informed about the study’s progress. Supplementing the RNRGC input was a series of pub lic workshops. One workshop was held in each of the four study communities. The first two public wo rkshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while th e next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston. The second two public workshops were held on Marc h 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of the meeting was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they woul d like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, these four community workshops, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a re sult. One attendee even suggested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps and study reports were also posted on the project website which was established at the beginning of the process and maintained unt il the very end of the process. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the wo rkshops, via email, and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of works hops in the Republican American and weekly town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. The second half of each workshop featured a sma ll-group exercise. Using large maps as references, community members were asked to discuss the following questions and mark up the maps with their suggestions, ideas and concerns. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 103 1. What are the key places/destinations that the Greenway trail should connect to? 2. Where are the critical gaps between th ese places and the Naugatuck River? 3. Where along the river are the best places for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc.? 4. What are your comments on the draft recommended routing? 5. Where along the proposed greenway are the best pl aces for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc.? Each meeting wrapped up after the smaller groups reported back to the entire group with their comments on local conditions as well as recommendations for potential routing options and the placement and nature of greenway amenities. Subsequent to the four community workshops, me mbers of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail connections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A meeting was also held with representatives of th e Railroad Museum of New England, the operator of the Naugatuck Railroad. They explained their future plans for the museum and support for the greenway project. The museum representatives also explained their safety concerns and maintenance requirements for the rail with trails sections of the greenway route. After comments were gathered from the workshops and other key stakeholders, draft reports for the four municipalities and the overall region were written and made available for public comment. Printed copies were available at public libraries and town clerks ’ offices in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The project website included links to electronic copies of the draft reports. A fifth and final public meeting was held in Waterbury on September 14, 2010, in conjunction with the monthly meeting of the Regional Planning Commission. This provided a final opportunity for the public to weigh-in on the final draft reco mmendations of the Greenway Routing Study. During the month of October, public presentations of the final recommendations were made in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. (The alignment for the Naugatuck River Gree nway in Waterbury had been determined in an earlier study and adopted in early 2010.) These gave their respective communities and elected officials the opportunity to see the final r ecommendations in a Powerpoint slideshow format. Simultaneously, electronic copies of the final report s for the individual municipalities as well as the Regional Report and Executive Summary were made available on the project website. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 104 | Final Regional Overview Report Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps Thomaston Watertown Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 105 Naugatuck Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 106 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 38: Land Parcel Inventory Map 1 for Thomaston Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 107 Figure 39: Land Parcel Inventory Map 2 for Thomaston Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 108 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 40: Land Parcel Inventor y Map 3 for Thomaston/Watertown Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 109 Figure 41: Land Parcel Inventor y Map 4 for Thomaston/Watertown Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 110 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 42: Land Parcel Inventory Map 5 for Naugatuck Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 111 Figure 43: Land Parcel Inventor y Map 6 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 112 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 44: Land Parcel Inventor y Map 7 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 113 Figure 45: Land Parcel Inventory Map 8 for Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 114 | Final Regional Overview Report This page intentionally blank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 115 Appendix C – Detailed Cost Estimate Tables Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this appendix. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g. replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines , dated January 2010. In keeping with CTDOT’s co st estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic [4%], minor items [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Cost estimates can also be impacted when a local public works department carries out the work. In these cases, so me of CTDOT’s estimated add-ons would not apply. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit pr ices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with othe r greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemented where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre-fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 116 | Final Regional Overview Report Appendix C1 – Thomaston Deta iled Cost Estimate Tables Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 117 Figure 46: Thomaston Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 118 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 119 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 120 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 121 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 122 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 123 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 124 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 125 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 126 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 127 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 128 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 129 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 130 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 131 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 132 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 133 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 134 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 135 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 136 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 137 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 138 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 139 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 140 | Final Regional Overview Report Appendix C2 – Watertown Deta iled Cost Estimate Tables Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 141 | Final Regional Overview Report Figure 47: Watertown Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 142 | Final Regional Overview Report Final Regional Overview Report | 143 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 144 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 145 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 146 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 147 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 148 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 149 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 150 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 151 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 152 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 153 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 154 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 155 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 156 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 157 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 158 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 159 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 160 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 161 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 162 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 163 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 164 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 165 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 166 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 167 This page intentionally blank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 168 | Final Regional Overview Report Appendix C3 – Naugatuck Detailed Cost Estimate Tables Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 169 Figure 48: Naugatuck Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 170 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 171 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 172 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 173 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 174 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 175 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 176 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 177 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 178 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 179 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 180 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 181 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 182 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 183 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 184 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 185 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 186 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 187 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 188 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 189 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 190 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 191 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 192 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 193 This page intentionally blank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 194 | Final Regional Overview Report Appendix C4 – Beacon Falls Detailed Cost Estimate Tables Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 195 Figure 49 : Beacon Falls Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 196 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 197 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 198 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 199 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 200 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 201 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 202 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 203 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 204 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 205 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 206 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 207 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 208 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 209 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 210 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 211 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 212 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 213 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 214 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 215 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 216 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 217 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 218 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 219 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 220 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 221 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 222 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 223 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 224 | Final Regional Overview Report Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Regional Overview Report | 225 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 226 | Final Regional Overview Report This page intentionally blank

Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 1 Table of Contents 1. Overview ……………………………………………………………… …………………… 3 2. Mission and Goals …………………………………………………………….. ………….. 5 3. Study Methodology ……………………………………………………………… ………… 6 4. Study Area ……………………………………………………………… …………………. 7 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis …………………………………………………….. 8 6. Obstacles to Access and Co nnectivity (Gap Analysis) ………………………………….. 11 7. Affected Prop erty Data …………………………………………………………… ……. 11 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost ……………………………………………… 11 9. Brownfields and Environmental Cons traints ……………………………………………. 12 10. Safety and Security ……………………………………………………………… …….. 13 11. Permitting Issues ……………………………………………………………… ………. 14 12. Coordination with Other Studies ………………………………………………………. 17 13. Community Input ……………………………………………………………… ………. 19 14. Opportunities an d Challenges …………………………………………………………. 20 15. Recommended Gr eenway Routing …………………………………………………….. 22 16. Use of Rail Corridor ……………………………………………………………. ……… 32 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits ……………………………………………………. 34 18. Trail Section Prioritization …………………………………………………………….. 35 19. Cost Es timate …………………………………………………………….. …………… 36 20. Community Phasing Pl ans ………………………………………………………….. …. 37 21. Greenway Zoning …………………………………………………………….. ……….. 37 22. Funding Sources ……………………………………………………………… ………… 39 23. Next Steps ………………………………………………………….. …………………. 41 Appendices Appendix A – Community Input Detailed ………………………………………………….. 44 Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps …………………………………………….. 46 Appendix C – Detailed Co st Estimate Tables ………………………………………………. 49 List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. ……………………. 3 Figure 2: Greenway Routing An alysis in Naugatuck. ………………………………………. 10 Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges for Potential Greenway Route in Naugatuck. ….. 21 Figure 4: Recommended Greenway Rout ing Concept Map in Naugatuck. ………………… 23 Figure 5: Cross-section showing the greenway trail at the edge of the Metro-North rail corridor ……………………………………………………………… …… 24 Figure 6: Proposed photographic simulation of the NRG trail alongside the Waterbury Branch rail line nort h of the Prospect Street Bridge, potentially as far north as the Bristo l Street bridge in Waterbury. ………………………. 25 Figure 7: New street trees, bike lanes and other sidewalk improvements will enhance the connection from the greenway trail to the train station along Water Street. ……………………………………………………………. ………….. 26 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 2 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Figure 8: Site cross-section of the Naugatuck River showing the NRG on the left, adjacent to the Boro ugh’s proposed recreational fields. ………………. 27 Figure 9: Trail alignment at the so uth end of Naugatuck illustrating the proposed location for a new br idge across the Naugatuck River. (Note: Downtown Naugatuck is to the ri ght, the State Forest to the left.) ……………… 28 Figure 10: Rail with Trai l Alignment Diagram. ……………………………………………. 32 Figure 11: Naugatuck Greenway Sections. ………………………………………………… 34 Figure 12: Land Parcel Inve ntory Map 5 for Naugatuck …………………………………… 47 Figure 13: Land Parcel Inventory Ma p 6 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls ……………………. 48 Figure 14: Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram in Naugatuck. ……………….. 51 List of Tables Table 1: Naugatuck Trail Sectio n Prioritization Matrix. ………………………………….. 35 Table 2: Land Parcel In ventory (Appendix B) ……………………………………………… 46 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 3 1. Overview The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Stud y report recommends routing for the Naugatuck River Greenway trail through the Borough of Naugatuck, Connecticut. The routing is the product of a year-long effort to study, analyze and devel op routing recommendations for a Naugatuck River Greenway trail along the Naugatuck River in Wester n Connecticut. As part of this project, greenway routing reports were also created for Thomaston, Watertown and Beacon Falls. A routing report was also created for Waterbury, as part of a separate proce ss. The overall goal of these reports is to identify a route for a 22-mile long regional greenway trail in the Central Naugatuck Valley Region. It is envisioned that this greenway will ultimately extend 44 miles fr om Torrington in the north to Derby in the south. The two primary goals of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) are: 1) To develop a non-motorized transportation facility for walkers and cyclists. 2) To provide public access to the Naugatuck River. The NRG will provide Naugatuck residents with a safe pedestrian and bicycle path that will connect to neighboring municipalities. The NRG will facilitate river access for fishing and small boat launches. The recommended alignment in Naugatuck remains within viewing distance of the river for almost the entire proposed route. This allows users to appreciate the beauty of the Naugatuck River, even when being directly alongside of it is not possible or practical. In most areas along the length of the alignment, the preferred greenway route was apparent due to the relative ease of developing a trail along one side of the river versus the opposite bank. In a handful of locations, however, routing options were presented and narrowed down after input from the general public, the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, town officials and Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) staff. For the Study, a greenway is defined as “ a corridor of land that connects people and nature together,” and a trail is defined as “ a linear facility for non-motori zed transportation and recreation .” The future trail’s design will be context sensitive; in some sections it may be a paved, shared-use path for pedestrians and bicyclists, while in others, the trail may be a rustic, natural-sur face path more amenable to equestrians. The Study also makes recommendations for the trail and related improvements such as trailheads, parking areas, canoe/kayak landings, on-street bike improvements and other spur connections. Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 4 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Greenway-oriented ec onomic development adjacent to the Sue Gro ssman Still River Greenway in Torrington. ( photo: Peter Kisselburgh ) Throughout the planning process, care was taken to ensure that recommendations coming from this Study fully considered recommendations from the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing/ Feasibility Study as well as the various greenway-planning efforts occurring separately in all four municipalities. The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study also recommends connections to nearby parks, schools, state forests and town centers along the route. The Naugatuck River is the Central Naugatuck Valley Region’s primary natural resource. While in many stretches the river has an industrial nature, in others it takes on the traits of a wild ri ver running through far less developed area, such as northern New England or the Berkshires. Today, there is a new appreciation of the value of this resource in the heart of Western Connecticut. The COGCNV recognizes this portion of the Naugatuck River Greenway as the core of an inter- connected greenway system that will eventually connect to Oxford, Middlebury and Southbury via Larkin State Park Trail and to Connecticut Forest and Park’s Blue-Blazed hiking trail network. When complete, the Naugatuck River Greenway will:  Serve as an alternative green transportation facility.  Provide recreation opportunities for residents and visitors.  Improve the quality of life in local communities.  Increase property values adjoining the greenway.  Help retain and attract new businesses and residents.  Raise awareness and help build appreciation of the value of the Naugatuck River. The scenic quality of some se ctions of the Naugatuck River rivals that of rivers nearly anywhere in New England. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 5 2. Mission and Goals The following Mission and Goals provide a measurable set of guidelines for the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway. Mission: Develop an interconnected greenway trail along the Naugatuck River corridor from Thomaston to Beacon Falls that incorporates existing and planned trails and open spaces, and connects to nearby parks, schools, do wntowns, public transportation and other destinations in order to create opportuniti es for non-motorized transportation and for communities to reconnect with the na tural environment along the river. Goal 1: Connect Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury , Naugatuck and Beacon Falls with a contiguous multiuse greenway trail. Furt hermore, access points and connectivity to commuter and tourist train stations and bus ro utes are necessary for the proposed trail to be a successful transportation and recreational facility. Goal 2: Increase the number of people walking an d bicycling for transportation and recreation and the number of children walking and bicycling to school in the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region, helping to reduce traffic congestion, greenhouse-gas emissions and sedentary lifestyles. Goal 3: Support each community’s economic developm ent efforts by routing the greenway to serve their downtown areas. Goal 4: Incorporate context-sensitive design in th e planning and development of the greenway trail. The trail will be sensitive to local conditions. Individual sections of the trail may be designed as a rustic, natural-surface trail or as a paved, shared-use path based on local conditions. Some stretches could be designed to encourage equestrians, depending on local conditions. Interpretive elements will reflect each community’s unique heritage and culture, while a greenway logo will establish a consistent identity along the entire greenway trail. Goal 5: Reconnect the communities of the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region to the Naugatuck River. Provide access to the river for recreati onal, educational and public safety purposes. Encourage municipalities and residents to better protect the river corridor. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 6 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut 3. Study Methodology The Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study followed a methodology that included community workshops, site walks, stakeholder meetings, review of relevant planning documents, and field observations to identify short-term and long-term alternatives for development of the regional greenway. Planning tools such as GIS-based data analysis and review of aerial photography were employed as well. The mission and goals outlined in the previous section guided the planning process. A series of site walks and meeti ngs with stakeholders in each of the communities occurred in the fall of 2009 and continued on an as-needed basis through the summer of 2010. Public workshops for the data- gathering stage were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively and on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Water town, respectively. Additionally, the project website ( http://www.cogcnv.org/greenway ) was maintained throughout the duration of the Study. A core element of the Routing Study was to identify gaps in the current greenway system and propose short- and long-term alternatives for closing the gaps and connecting existing or planned sections of the greenway. Gaps were evaluated for:  Land ownership issues  User accessibility  Environmental concerns  Physical barriers such as topography, major roads and rail lines, etc.  Permitability, constructability and cost  Adjacent planned development  Community support or opposition  Overall character, including view opportunities  Adjacency to points of interest  Potential or lack of access points After the Gap Evaluation, an analysis of opportuniti es and challenges within the project corridor was conducted to refine the routing alternatives. Worki ng with COGCNV planners and the Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, the alternatives were narrowed do wn to a recommended greenway alignment that had the community’s support. In conjunction with th e routing recommendations, a phasing plan for implementation, along with cost estimates for each phase were developed. The phasing recommendations take into account that greenway planning, design an d development often occur over extended periods of time and early successes can help to maintain overall project support, funding and momentum. One of the break-out group tables at the community meeting held in Naugatuck on November 17, 2009. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 7 The planning and conceptual design of the trail followed appropriate trail-related design guidelines. For example, the typical cross-section for the NRG is based on the AASHTO 1999 Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities which recommends a ten foot-wide shared-use pa th with two-foot soft shoulders (14 feet total) with a minimum dimension of eight feet to clea r pinch points. This does not preclude, however, the possibility that some sections of the trail may includ e stretches that are narrower and made of permeable surfaces due to local conditions and other constraints. 4. Study Area The study area is a 22-mile corridor along the Naugat uck River within the municipalities of Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The corridor is approximately one-half to one mile in width but can vary to allow for a full range of opportunities for con sideration, including the potential for trails on both sides of the river or al ong roads, highways and rail corridors. Within the 3.3-mile long river corridor in Naugatuck, the study area includes a variety of settings and contexts. At the very north end, both river banks are lined with a relatively- dense canopy trees as neither the rail line nor any busy roadways sit immediately adjacent to the river. On the west bank, the rail line is separated from the river by an abandoned rail right-of-way and a stand of mature trees until it reaches downtown. At the south end of Platts Mill Road, however, Route 8 runs very close to the river and dominates the east riverbank for approximately a mile until Linden Park. From north to south, Lind en Park is the first of a trio of existing and future park spaces along the river. This includes Breen Field and the proposed recreation fields at the former Uniroyal/Naugatuck Chemical plant site. In between the riverside park spaces, there is a mi x of commercial and industrial land uses fronting the river with downtown and residential neighborhoods sitting beyond. Along Maple Street there are a few large parcel slated for redevelopment, including those slated for the mixed-use Renaissance Center Development project. South of General Datacom and Br een Field, the river corridor includes the former Uniroyal site and sewage treatment plant on the wes t bank and Route 8 with the Grove and St. James cemeteries beyond on the east bank. At the far southern end of the Borough the corridor include s a commuter park-and-ride lot and Cotton Hollow Field al ong Cross Street and an old Route 8 right-of-way that provides access to the eastern half of the Naugatuck State Forest. River corridor looking north fr om the Whittemore Bridge with southbound Route 8 exit. ramp. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 8 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis The analysis of Potential Greenway Routes is base d on meetings and walking tours with stakeholders, field observations and the examinatio ns of aerial photos and GIS-based maps. This analysis is based on the long-term desire to incorporate a 8-12’ wide st one dust or paved trail in close proximity to the Naugatuck River, but a narrower dirt hiking trail or on-street bike lanes in the short term are not precluded. These may be necessary to avoid diffi cult stretches where property ownership issues, engineering challenges or envi ronmental constraints exist. The Borough of Naugatuck’s Greenway Routing Analysis Map (Figure 2 on page 10) includes:  Identification of cultural and historic destinations and scenic areas that should be connected to the greenway.  Existing, planned or proposed local greenways.  Portions of the corridor for which no apparent routing options currently exist, i.e. gaps.  Identification of potential spurs and loops that connect to other greenw ays, amenities and destinations. For the latter two bullet points, the map features el ements along the river that present existing and potential conditions along the Naugatuck River. Poten tial conditions and example situations from the region are presented below:  No apparent routing option along the river – typically due to the placement of Route 8 along the edge of the river or very steep hills or cliffs that may present significant challenges (note that this does not preclude the possibility of a narrow, short- term path as mentioned above).  Potential ‘rail with trail’ along active rail line – an active rail line with an adjacent level shelf, unutilized spur or maintenance way that is potentially wide enough to accommodate the greenway trail with an appropriate setback (ideally 20-25’ but potentially as low as 10’) from the rail line. Example: North of the Prospect Street Bridge in Naugatuck where Route 8 runs very close to the river’s edge. Example: The rail corridor through parts of Naugatuck may offer an opportunity for a rail-with-trail greenway section. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 9  Potential trail adjacent to the river – portions of the riverbank where spatial and topographical constraints do not prevent the routing of the trail close to the river’s edge.  Potential connection along existing access road or street rights of way (ROW) – areas where the greenway may be able to use an adjacent access road or the portion of an adjacent road ROW with sufficient width to accommodate a trail.  Potential spur trail/street improvements – these are on-road improvements that may involve creating bicycle lanes and improved pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks. These on-road improvements can help to connect the greenway to other trails, schools, cultural destinations and downtown areas. Example: Portions of the greenway trail within Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park are likely to run adjacent to the river. Example: A dirt maintenance roadway that runs between the rail line and Route 8 in Watertown is an opportunity for the trail. Example: Streetscape enhancements along Elm Street in Thomaston will improve connections between the future Naugatuck River Greenway and the Clock Walk. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 10 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis in Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 11 6. Obstacles to Access and Connectivity (Gap Analysis) Throughout the 3.3-mile corridor in Naugatuck, there are a handful of obstacles to access and connectivity for a seamless Naugatuck River Greenway trail. The primary obstacles are the line along the west bank of the river and the Rou te 8 expressway on the east bank. Starting from the Waterbury line, few constraints to NRG access exist along Platts Mill Road until it meets Route 8. Portions of Route 8 pass very close to the river’s east bank, providing only space for a narrow hiking trail from Platt’s Mill Road until the north end of Linden Park. On the west side, the active rail line runs along the river from the Waterbury/Nau gatuck boundary to Maple Street, where it passes overhead on a trestle. Long stretches of the rail line include a wide shoulder or a separated dirt access road for service vehicles. This offers some potential for trail connectivity in the future such as connecting north to Waterbury via the Bristol Street Bridge. Immediately south of downtown Naugatuck, private property along the river or the rail line creates obstacles to river access on both banks. However, the So uth Main Street right of way is a simple way to avoid the private properties on the east side and to access Breen Field. Access through the park works well for cars, walkers and bikes. At the southern end of Breen Field, Route 8 rejoins the river and runs immediately adjacent to it, in some places cantilevering out over it. Route 8 remains an obstacle to riverside access on the east bank for the remaining st retch of the river in Naugatuck. On the west bank, the obstacles created by the rail line continue to the Naugatuck State Forest, but access for vehicles, bikes and pedestrians is limited—but physically possible—on a pair of underpasses below the rail line on the former Uniroyal/Naugatuck Chemical site. 7. Affected Property Data The parcels falling within or adjacent to the study area boundary have been identified and shown on the figures provided in Appendix B. A table with parcel size and property-owner information is also provided in Table 2 in Appendix B. The parcel inventory is intended to facilitate future correspondence between the municipality and affected property owners. The parcel table was developed from COGCNV GIS parcel database. In some instances the information may be incomplete. In Naugatuck, a total of 13 parcels have been identifi ed within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include:  Rail corridor between Bristol Street (Waterbu ry) and the General Pulaski foot bridge  Linden Park  Breen Field  Portions of the former Uniroyal site (in negotiation)  Naugatuck State Forest 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost Experience on other greenway projects can be used to infer a planning level estimate of expected construction cost for the Naugatuck River Green way in Naugatuck. For a typical greenway with conventional structure types in a rural setting, exp ected greenway construction costs for either a 10-12’ paved or stone dust path range fr om $0.75 to $1.25 million per mile. Many factors will affect final cost including construction materials, commodity prices, pr operty impacts of the selected alignment and other undetermined issues. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 12 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Costs for a greenway trail along the Naugatuck River corridor, as with most greenway projects, will be largely driven by the requirements of structural com ponents (e.g., bridges, pile-supported walkways, etc.). The NRG through the Borough of Naugatuck is expected to capitalize on several linear assets including the scheduled and funded Naugatuck Riverwalk project, existing rail bed, Linden Park, Breen Field and the former Uniroyal site. These relatively low-cost segments will offset the three, more-expensive river crossings that will be required for a continuous trail from one end of t he Borough to the other. 9. Brownfields and Envi ronmental Constraints Land use within Naugatuck’s greenway corridor is a varied mix of comm ercial and industrials uses, transportation corridors and public open spaces. One significant property is the site of the former Uniroyal Chemical plant which potentially contai ns polluted soils in need of remediation. In urbanized environments with a history of industry like Naugatuck, it is common to find sites contaminated with oils or hazardous materials. Olde r development frequently included use of urban fill materials (e.g., brick, block and asphalt within a soil and ash matrix). Due to the presence of ash and asphalt within the urban fill, it is common to find pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (compounds commonly found in petroleu m and combustion by-products) within urban fill materials. These concerns will likely complicate the acquisition of parcels for greenway development. As definitive designs for the various greenway segments are developed, the designer should identify parcels with known or potential historic releases of contam inants. This will allow trail designs to incorporate appropriate mitigation measures.A first order assessm ent of potential contamination can be made by reviewing the Connecticut Department of Environm ental Protection’s (CTDEP) “List of Contaminated or Potentially Contaminated Sites in Connecticut” and “List of Significant Environmental Hazards Reported to the DEP.” As of September 2009 an d February 2010, respectively, no sites along the greenway corridor in Naugatuck were listed by the CTDEP as contaminated. However, these lists are not exhaustive and only provide information about sites th at the CTDEP is aware of. If warranted, a more detailed evaluation in the form of a Phase I/II Environmental Site Assessment may need to be undertaken. Constructing portions of the greenway may require dist urbing polluted soil, especially at the former Uniroyal site. In all cases, special consideration should be given to the following: o Soil disposal: If excess soil is generated during the cons truction of the trail, it may require special handling and disposal due to the presen ce of pollutants. We recommend that the trail be designed in a manner to reduce the amount of excess soil generated during the project to mitigate the potential for excessive costs associated with polluted soil disposal. o Potential for exposure: Although the greenway may be paved, thereby mitigating the potential for users to come into contact with pollutants directly beneath the trail, soil located along the shoulders of the trail could provide a potential exposure pathway. Surficial soil quality testing may reveal these conditions and permit the desi gner to incorporate mitigating measures (e.g., separation fabrics, clean fill, etc.). In less developed areas, environmental constraints re late less to mitigating man-made contamination and more to protecting and managing natural resources. Sensitive resources include: wetlands, flood plains, endangered or threatened species habitat, steep sl opes or erosive soils and archeological resources. In these resource areas, a special effort should be ma de to maintain and/or re-establish riparian buffers adjacent to the river or wetlands. These buffers help protect water quality, lower water temperatures and Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 13 provide wildlife corridors. Where the greenway is propos ed to cross an area identified as a potential endangered or threatened species habitat, a review by the CTDEP should be sought early in the design process. The CTDEP will advise the municipality on a ppropriate measures to protect the critical habitat. If the CTDEP determines that the proposed project is lik ely to impact a listed threatened or endangered species, or significant natural communities, departme nt staff will provide recommendations to avoid or minimize impacts to these species and habitats. The CTDEP permit analysts reviewing the project environmental permit applications will consider these recommendations during their review and typically incorporate appropriate conditions as part of the permit. Where appropriate, municipalities are encouraged to wo rk with their design professionals to incorporate low-impact design (LID) principles into the greenway. LID allows for more natural stormwater drainage patterns and promotes groundwater recharge. It help s to decrease the adverse effects of development upon our water resources. Common LID measures include permeable pavements, rain gardens, bio- filtration swales, etc. These measures may not be a ppropriate, however, in areas where underlying soils are polluted. In Naugatuck, the trail is anticipated to require some work within a designated flood plain adjacent to the rail line in the north end of the alignment. In addi tion, the three potential new river bridges will impact the regulated floodway and require special permitting es pecially if any of the abutments touch the river or the adjacent floodway. 10. Safety and Security Trail safety is a major concern of both trail users and those whose property is adja cent to a greenway trail. Emergency vehicles access to the NRG is paramoun t and the alignment and access point locations were planned with this in mind. The Borough of Naugatuck should plan for regular security patrols fo r the section of the trail within its jurisdiction and devel op an emergency response plan for police, fire and ambulance service. Creating a safe trail environment goes beyond design and law enforcement, however and should involve the entire community. The most eff ective and most visible deterrent to illegal activity on the NRG will be the presence of legitimate trail users . Getting as many “eyes on the trail” as possible is the most effective deterrent to undesirable acti vity. There are several components to accomplish this: Provide good access to the trail Access ranges from providing conveniently-located trailheads along the Greenway, to encouraging the development of sidewalks and bike facilities along pu blic roadways that connect to, or intersect, the NRG. Access points should be inviting and sign ed to welcome the public onto the trail. Good visibility from adjacent neighbors Neighbors adjacent to the trail can po tentially provide 24-hour surveillance of the trail and can become an ally to the municipalities’ police departments. Thou gh some screening and setback of the trail may be needed for privacy of adjacent neighbors, complete blocking out of the trail from neighborhood view should be discouraged. This eliminates the potential of neighbors’ “eyes on the trail,” and could result in a tunnel effect along the trail. High level of maintenance A well maintained trail sends a message that the co mmunity cares about the public space. This message alone will discourage undesirable activity along the trail. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 14 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Programmed events Community events along any of the various segments of the NRG will help increase public awareness and thereby attract more people to use the trail. Various civic organizations can help organize public events along the trail which will increase support. Events might include a day-long trail cleanup or a series of short interpretive walks led by knowledgeable residents or a naturalist. These events could be coordinated with the Connecticut Forest and Park Trail Manager for the Blue-Blazed hiking trails that lie within the east block of the Naugatuck State Forest. Community projects The support generated for the NRG could be further ca pitalized by involving neighbors and friends of the trail in a community project. Ideas for community projects include volunteer planting events, art projects and interpretive research projects. These co mmunity projects create a sense of ownership along the greenway and serve as a strongest deterrent to undesirable activity along the trail. Adopt-a-Trail Program Nearby businesses, community institutions and re sidential neighbors often see the benefit of their involvement in trail development and maintenance. Businesses and developers may view the trail as an integral piece of their site planning and may be willing to take on some level of responsibility for the trail as well. Creation of an adopt-a-trail program should be explored to capitalize on this opportunity and build civic pride in the greenway. 11. Permitting Issues The construction of the regional greenway along the Na ugatuck River will require permits from various agencies. A brief description of each anticipated permit is provided below. It should be noted that each permit may not be required for each individual section of the greenway t rail. Municipal Inland Wetlands and Watercours es Permit for Regulated Activities Basis: Delegated authority from the State based on Connecticut General Statutes. Threshold: Any regulated activity within a State regulated wetland, or upland review area. Can also be required if the activity is in an upland area, drains to a regulated wetland area and/or is deemed to have a potential impact on the wetland. Process: Application must be made to th e Municipality and most include a Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Repo rting Form. At the first meeting after application is received, it is formally accep ted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues. If the proposed activity is deemed to be a potentially significant activity, then a Public Hearing must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. If the activity is found to have no significant impact, then the Commission may hold a public hearing, if it is found to be in the public good, or may render a decision without holding a hearing. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, depending on whether a Public Hearing is required. Application must be submitted prior to or concurrent with the Planning and Zoning Permit, if required. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 15 Municipal Planning and Zoning or Municipal Zoning Department Permit (S ite Plan Approval) Basis: Local authority granted under Connecticut General Statutes, but based on local bylaws and regulations. Threshold: Any significant earthwork or work requ iring a building permit. A Zoning permit may not be required for basic greenway trail projects. This should be discussed with each municipality’s Planning and Zoning staff once the corridor and proposed construction methods are sufficiently defined. Process: Application is made to the Municipali ty. At the first meeting after the application is received, it is formally accepted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues and local bylaws. Certain activities require a special permit which requires a public hearing and must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. Also, the Commission cannot make a decision until the Inland Wetlands Commission has made a decision. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Plans must normally be approximately 70% construction document level in order to contain sufficient information to gain approvals. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, following submission, depending on whether a public hearing is required. The permit application cannot be submitted prior to the application for Inland Wetlands, although they can be submitted on the same day. FEMA Floodplain Development and Condi tional Letter of Map Revision Basis: Federal law with some review authority delegated to the municipality. Threshold: Any earthwork or construction within a designated flood plain; work over , or in a designated floodway. Process: A floodplain permit is required before construction begins within any Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), or any flood-prone area s if no SFHA has been defined. Permits are required to ensure that the proposed development project meets the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the community’s floodplain management ordinance. In Connecticut, this review is usua lly performed by the Planning and Zoning or Wetlands Commissions. Generally, passive recreation, such as bicycle and pedestrian trails, are allowed as permitted use in flood-prone areas. However, if the proposed construction affects the elevation or horizontal spread of flood waters, the applicant may need to apply for a Conditional Letter of Map Change (CLOMR). Application is made to FEMA with the concurrence of the municipality. The application must demonstrate that the water surface elevation will not increase by more than one foot (cumulatively with other developments) in the flood plain or by any amount in the regulatory floodway through use of hydraulic modeling software. It should be noted that some municipalities have floodplain-management regulation more restrictive than these requirements. Following construction, an application must be made for a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) depicting actual “as-built” conditions and modeling demonstrating that the data presented in the application is valid. Time Line: Normally takes twelve to eighteen months for CLOMR. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 16 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Connecticut Flood Management Certification (FMC) Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: All State of Connecticut actions in or affecting floodplains or natural or man-made storm drainage facilities, including projects undertak en by municipalities with funding provided by the State. Process: Application is made to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). Upon receipt of a request for CT DEP approval of a state agency’s flood management certification, the application is a ssigned to a project manager and is reviewed for sufficiency. If the application is sufficient, a detailed technical review is initiated. These reviews consist of an evaluation of the technical documentation provided in the application as well as an independent a ssessment of the site and of the project’s consistency with the flood manage ment standards and criteria. Time Line: Normally processed within three months. If other CTDEP approvals are required, the FMC will be processed concurrently with the other applications. Stream Channel Encroachment Permit Basis: State regulation of specific stream cha nnels as defined by Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Any earthwork within the stream channel encroachment line. Process: Application is made to the CTDEP. App lication must include hydrologic analysis proving that activity does not negatively impact flood water or impede flow within the channel. Time Line: Normally takes six to twelve mo nths depending upon the nature of the proposed construction. Connecticut Department of Environmental Prot ection General Permit for the Discharge of Stormwater and Dewatering Wastewater from Construction Activities Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Compliance with the General Permit is required for all projects that disturb one or more acres of total land area. Projects with five or more total acres of disturbance, regardless of phase must also file a registration with th e CTDEP. Projects exceeding ten acres of total disturbance must obtain an approval of registration, including a detailed review of the required Stormwater Pollution Control Plan. Process: Application is made to CTDEP. Time Line: Must be submitted at least sixty days prior to the start of construction. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 17 Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) Permit Basis: Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Threshold: There are three categories of ACOE permits based on the total area of disturbance of federally regulated wetlands. The federal de finition of wetland is different from the Connecticut definition. Although the limits of both federal and state wetland tend to be the same, there are sometimes differences. ACOE jurisdiction is triggered by any fill-in, or secondary impact to, a federally regulated wetl and. If the ACOE has jurisdiction, then the category of permit is decided based on the to tal direct and secondary impacts to wetlands. Direct impacts include earthwork operations. Secondary impacts can include changes in drainage patterns or groundwater hydrology, cl earing/cutting of vegetation, or alteration of shade patterns. Category I General Permit (less than 5,000 square feet of disturbance) Category II Programmatic General Permit (PGP) ( 5,000 square feet to 1 acre of disturbance) Category III Individual Permit (one acre, or more, of disturbance) Process: For Category I, there is no application required. For Category II and II I permits, application is made to the ACOE. Review is conducted jointly by the ACOE and the CTDEP (see CT 401 Water Quality Permit). Additional review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and other federal agencies is conducted for Category II and III permits. Category II permits can be changed to Category III if requested by reviewing agencies based on potential impacts of the wetl ands or wildlife habitat. Time Line: Category II permits normally take six to nine months depending on complexity, quality/function of wetlands, and surrounding ha bitats. Category III can take one year or more. Category II and III permits cannot be gr anted until the CTDEP issues a 401 Water Quality Permit. Connecticut Section 401 Wa ter Quality Certification Basis: Federal authority, under the Clean Water s Act, delegated to the State of Connecticut. Threshold: Category II or III ACOE Perm it, or any State of Connecticut Project. Process: Application to the ACOE is jointly reviewed by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). The CTDEP often requires additional information to be submitted which is not required by the ACOE. Time Line: Normally takes four to six months. Th is certification must be granted before the ACOE can issue a Category II or III permit. 12. Coordination with Other Studies Along with the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Rout ing Study, other relevant studies have recently been completed or are occurring concurrently. In some cases, some of these studies have had an impact on the routing decisions for the NRG and recommendations from this Study have led to proposal alterations to the other studies. The other studies include:  The Route 8 Study is an active planning effort that is l ooking at ways to improve traffic flow and motorist safety at exits 22-30 along Route 8 in Seymour, Beacon Falls and Naugatuck. All design recommendations are being classified as near-, medium- or long-term improvements. From north Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 18 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut to south, potential projects that are most relevant for the Naugatuck River Greenway in Naugatuck include: o Elimination of the Route 8 south-bound on-ramp from Platts Mill Road and the adjacent south-bound off ramp to create a frontage ro ad-like connection from South Main Street in Waterbury and North Main Street in Naugatuck. This section, depending on traffic speeds and lane width, the new frontage road could be used by bicyclists for local connections. o Widening the west side of Route 8 just north of the Prospect Street Bridge which will bring the edge of the highway closer to the Naugatuck River, crea ting a tighter pinch point than the one that exists today. o Widening the North Main/Union City/City H ill intersection in Naugatuck to improve traffic flow but could make any potential pedestrian or bike connection to the neighborhoods to the east more difficult. o Adding a shared-use path adjacent to Route 8 al ong the east bank of the river, just south of Linden Park in Naugatuck (overlaps wi th the Borough’s existing greenway plans). o Removal of the Route 8 south-bound access ramp from South Main Street, via Route 63, potentially opening up the opportunity for the greenway trail to use this de-commissioned stretch of road bed adjacent to Breen Field. o Adding a roundabout at exit 25 in Naugat uck to better accommodate on and off-ramp traffic intermingling with Cross Street traffic (will need to be coordinated with the NRG alignment that will cross the southern leg of the roundabout).  The Waterbury and New Canaan Bran ch Lines Feasibility Study was a CTDOT managed study to investigate and recommend improvements for two branch lines of Metro-North commuter rail network. The study’s recommendations may impact the routing of the greenway in two ways: o A new Naugatuck Train Station is proposed on top of the Maple Street railroad overpass. This new station would have direct access to the greenway trail via the recommended pedestrian and bicycle improvements for the Whittemore Bridge. o Full signalization of the branch line to Waterbury is recommended. Signalization may require installation of cables, control boxers, and signal lights along the rail corridor, which could create obstacles for the rails with trails sections of the greenway trail.  The Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenw ay Routing and Feasibility Study recommends a hybrid greenway alignment through the city that ut ilizes public and private property along the east and west banks of the river, numerous bridges, and a handful of roadway corridors to link difficult-to-bridge gaps along the river. The St udy includes numerous loops and spur connections to important nearby destinations, as well as natu re trails that run adjacent to the wider, paved greenway trail. At the south end, the Waterbury Greenway runs along the Platts Mill Road right of way and terminates at the existing small boat launch at the Naugatuck/Waterbury line.  The Connecticut Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Plan was updated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation in 2009. The effort includes a state-wide plan and detailed map that illustrates the state’s policies, ex isting facilities and future needs for safe and efficient travel by bike or by foot. The official bike map includes a cross-state route following Route 63 through Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 19 13. Community Input The Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) hosted two pairs of public workshops for the Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study. A workshop was held in each of the four greenway study municipalities. The first public workshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while the next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston The second of the two pairs of public workshops were held on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of these meetings was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they would like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, the four community meetings, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a result. One attendee even sug gested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps were also posted on the project website. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the workshops, via e-mail and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of work shops in the Republican American and other town papers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. Subsequent to the community meetings, members of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail conn ections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A final public meeting was held on September 14 , 2010 at COGCNV’s offices in Waterbury. The completed draft study was presented to the Regional Planning Commission and members of the public in attendance. Members of the public and RPC commissions voiced support for the greenway study. One member of the public emphasized the importance of designing the greenway to not take away from the beauty of the Naugatuck River. Elected officials from Naugatuck and Beacon Falls pose next to NRG analysis maps displayed at the November public meetings. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 20 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut 14. Opportunities and Challenges Part of the community and stakeholder meetings, field work and analysis during the easy stages of this Study included the documentation and analysis of existing opportunities and challenges to the development of a greenway trail within the Naugatuc k River corridor in Naugatuck. This analysis is shown in the diagrammatic map, Figure 3, on the following page. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 21 Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges fo r Potential Greenway Route in Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 22 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut 15. Recommended Greenway Routing See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 23 Figure 4: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept Map in Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 24 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut The Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) in the Borough of Naugatuck will take various forms including portions set immediately adjacent to, but separated from, existing roadways, soft-surface pathways adjacent to the river (in the short term), “rail-with-t rail” portions adjacent to Metro-North, and a multi- use path running through borough parks adjacent to the river. The route will provide connections to many destinations and attractions in town: the Boro ugh Green, railroad station, the Historical Society Museum and a number of open spaces including Linden Park, Breen Field, Naugatuck State Forest and a future recreation area on the former Uniroyal site. Tr ail-side amenities will be provided along the route including small parking lots, picnic areas, small boat launches (canoes and kayaks), rest stops, water fountains, public art, seating, interpretive signag e and kiosks. The 3.3 miles of trail will increase non- motorized transportation options and enhance the quality of life of Naugatuck’s residents and attract new visitors. Greenway connections north to Waterbury an d south to Beacon Falls will also provide safe corridors for walking and biking and encourage more non-motorized trips in and out of the borough. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment The formal beginning of the NRG alignment in Naugatuck is the existing canoe/kayak launch along Platts Mill Road, near the Waterbury line. The 2010 Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing and Feasibility Study identifies this as the end point of the Waterbury section of the NRG. From this spot, a short-term connection to the downtown area w ill be provided along the east bank with an improvement to the existing dirt walking/hiking path that now runs south adjacent to Platts Mill Road and along the river’s eastern edge to the Pulaski pedestrian bridge. This path may only be passable seasonally, due to flooding by the Naugatuc k River. The path also does not accommodate cyclists and is not ADA accessible, so the long-term recommendation is for a 10’ paved, multi-use path along the edge of the rail corridor on the west bank of the river. Accessing the west bank will occur with the developm ent of a new trail bridge from the canoe/kayak launch at Platts Mill Road to the other side of the river. In lieu of a new bridge, the greenway could use an improved south sidewalk on the Bristol Street Bridge in Waterbury to cross the river. In either case, a soft-surface trail connection between the Bristol Street bridge and Whittemore Glen State Park should be explored to help link the Larkin State Park Trail and the Middlebury Gre enway (via Route 63 and Hop Brook Lake) with the NRG. The trail’ s placement will be as far from the active railroad tracks as possible, 25’ from the centerline of the tracks to the edge of the trail surface is intended. This will provide the necessary space to accommodate Metro-North and CT DOT’s needs for double tracking, electrification, signals and maintenance vehicle access within the rail co rridor. With or without a second track, the trail will be separated from the rail corri dor by a security fence with intermittent gates for maintenance access to the tracks. The trail will be engineered to ac commodate the loads of Metro-North service vehicles which will have access to the greenway for routine maintenance runs or in the case of emergencies. To minimize use of the state-owned rail corridor, the NRG in this area should incorporate a shelf of land along the river bank that was used until the mid-20 th century as a trolley bed. This will allow the trail to split off from the rail corridor along some stretches an d bring walkers, cyclists and other trail users closer to the edge of the river. Figure 5: Cross-section showing the greenway trail at the edge of the Metro-North rail corridor Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 25 As the trail approaches the Prospect Street bridge from the north, it splits off and follows an existing unpaved access road that passes under the Route 68 bridge and connects to the Polish-American Community Center at the east end of Bridge Street. This beautiful stretch of trail passes through a mature stand of trees away from the rail line and closer to the river. From the Community Center, the trail follows the alignment of the planned and funded Borough of Naugatuck Riverwalk project. This alignment crosses the river on the existing Pulaski pedestrian bridge an d turns south to follow the east bank of the Naugatuck River to the Whittemore Bridge (Maple Street Bridge). Along the way, the trail proceeds along a new sidewalk/path on the edge of the Route 8 on ramp, runs through Linden Park on the existing wide paved path, past the parking lot an d along a nearly ¼ mile-long sidewalk adjacent to the Route 8 off-ramp to Maple Street. This six-foot-wid e sidewalk is quite narrow for a multi-use greenway trail but to widen it to a more comfortable ten feet would be prohibi tively expensive for such a long Figure 6: Proposed photographic simulation of the NRG trail alongside the Waterbury Branch rail line north of the Prospect Street Bridge, pote ntially as far north as the Bristol Street bridge in Waterbury. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 26 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut distance. Depending on the popularity of the greenway, this should be considered in any redesign or reconstruction of the Route 8 interchange. At the Whittemore Bridge, a greenway spur will split off from the primary trail across the river along Maple and Water Streets. These spurs will create pedestrian and bike connections into downtown Naugatuck and the proposed Renaissance Place mixed-use development. Streetscape improvements such as corner bump outs, improved sidewalks, ADA sidewalk ramps, street trees and lighting are incorporated into Maple and Water streets to encourage connections to the Borough Green, Borough Hall, shops and restaurants, the train station and the Historical Society Museum in the old train station building. To improve bicycle access from the greenway, bike lanes, shoulder striping and/or share-the-road signs are incorporated along Water Street and portions of Maple Street from the bridge to the Borough Green. Similar improvements are recommended along a series of streets within the Borough to improve the cycling experience from the river corridor up to and through the Naugatuck State Forest. Until structures are built within the State Forest to enhance connectivity through this challenging section of the river valley, Existing sidewalk along the Route 8 southbound off-ramp that will be incorporated into the Borough’s planned Riverwalk project. Figure 7: New street trees, bike lanes and other side walk improvements will enhance the connection from the greenway trail to the train station along Water Street. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 27 this on-street bike connection may be the only way to connect the greenway in Naugatuck to Beacon Falls. From the Whittemore Bridge, the recommended greenway alignment runs along South Main Street to connect to Breen Field. Currently, the street contains one lane in each direction and parking lanes on both sides of the street. The parking along the Route 8 embankment drops on the appr oach to Maple Street to accommodate a left-turn lane to Maple westbound. To accommodate the greenway, the parking along the embankment should be removed entirely, the travel lanes narrowed to 11’ and the existing 6’ sidewalk incorporated into the trail a lignment. This portion of the NRG will function like a wide sidewalk with bicycle traffic, so care will need to be taken to discourage cyclists from riding much more than walking speed (approx. 2.5 mph). To control speeds, strategically placed bollards should be incorporated along with signage. Additionally, some level of enforcement of reckless riding by Borough police will be needed to ensure a comfortable environment for all sidewalk/path users. This path segment begins at a potential park space planned for the corner of Maple and South Main, an underutilized building that the Borough has considered for demolition and transformation in to a pocket park. This future park space could become the gateway into Naugatuck from the NRG tra il and include benches, public art, a map kiosk, water fountain and possibly restrooms. From South Main, the greenway route becomes a shared roadway with adjacent sidewalk along Hotchkiss Street and connects to Breen Field through the far end of the parking lot at the north end of the park. Access to this area may instead be along a section of path closer to the river. At the South Main/Hotchkiss intersection, a new school bus depot has located at the former Cam Motors site. The depot could create conflicts between trail users and buses. The Study recommends that the Borough explore the possibility of establishing a 20’-wide easement along the north and west edge of this property to accommodate a trail. This could provide a more seamless connection from South Main to the Breen Field parking area and driveway and avoid conflicts with buses. The route through Breen Field will utilize a shared roadway as cyclists and walkers mix with slow-moving motor vehicles driving to the baseball diamonds in the park. While the intent is to minimize the removal of parking, some loss may be necessary to improve sight lines and other safety improvements for those looking to pass through the park space on foot or bike. Near the south end of the park, oppos ite the dividing line between the two baseball diamonds, a new bridge across the river will connect to the north end of the former Uniroyal site. This bridge could be either for trail use only or possibly for vehicle traffic as well. The Borough of Former Uniroyal site, home to a future recreation park for the Borough of Naugatuck. Figure 8: Site cross-section of the Naugatuck River showing the NRG on the left, adjacent to the Borough’s proposed recreational fields. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 28 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Naugatuck has proposed the remediation and eventual redevelopment of this site into a recreation park with fields for soccer, football and baseball. Parking, rest rooms and other amenities are planned for the site as well. The NRG trail runs along the eastern edge of the future park, at the top of the west river bank (see cross-section, Figure 8, on previous page). The NRG trail will pass through the new Recreational Park and run downriver to the Borough’s Water Treatment Plant. As the trail approaches this spot, the rail line and the river bank converge to create a pinch point that precludes the continuation of the trail on the west bank without significant structural solutions. Such solutions could include cantilevering the path out from the river bank or elevating the trail to run over the railroad tracks. To avoid these costly solutions, the alignment will shift to the east bank of the river, incorporating a new pedestrian/bike bridge over the Naugatuck River. The trail will proceed south using the shoulder of the Route 8 exit 25 off-ramp and then pass beneath Route 8 within the existing underpass that connects to Cross Street. Along Cross Street, the ten-foot wide multi-use trail will be separated from the roadway by a landscaped bu ffer and include an enhanced crossing at the north end of the north bound exit 25 off-ramp. (At this location, a roundabout is proposed in the 2010 Route 8 Study. The Route 8 Study and the Regional NRG Routin g Study has been coordinated to ensure that the south leg of this roundabout is designed to accomm odate the crossing of the trail.) The NRG will then turn south and run along the east edge of the off- ramp and terminate at the end of the Old Route 8 roadbed, off-limits to traffic and part of the Conn ecticut Forest & Park Association’s Blue-Blazed trail system. (To accommodate the trail on the off-ramp, the paved surface of the off ramp may need to be widened to accommodate the trail and a crash barrier.) Improvements in this area include a small kiosk with trail information and potentially a port-o-potty or composting toilet. From this trailhead, the NRG will continue along the Old Route 8 Trail through the Naugatuck State Forest into Beacon Falls, requiring a number of innovative engineering solutions to link the trail across the handful of existing cliffs, large retaining walls and steep scree fields. Figure 9: Trail alignment at the south end of Naugatuck illustrating the proposed location for a new bridge across the Naugatuck River. (Note: Downtown Naugatuck is to the right, the State Forest to the left.) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 29 B. Greenway Trail Alignment Options Within this Study’s recommendations, there are two locations where the proposed NRG alignment includes two potential corridors for the trail. In bo th instances, the alternatives are intended to indicate a short- and long-term connection for the greenway. At the north end, a short-term connection is recommended along the east bank of the river where cu rrently, an informal dirt walking path exists near the edge of the river. Improving this trail to become an ADA-accessible, multi-use path will be difficult however, primarily due to its closeness to Route 8 an d seasonal flooding of the Naugatuck River. In the long term, a fully-accessible trail is recommended to run along the existing rail corridor on the west bank of the river from the Prospect Street bridge north to a proposed bridge that will connect it to the existing canoe/kayak launch along Platts Mill Road. Addi tionally, roadway and sidewalk improvements are recommended along a series of streets that lead from downtown to the Naugatuck State Forest, via Lewis Street and Hunter’s Mountain Road. This is intende d to be a short-term connection to Beacon Falls, over the hill and through the State Forest, primarily for intrepid cyclists due to the distance and the steep topography. In the long term, options to connect through the State Forest to Beacon Falls, are recommended but will require further study due to their complexity and p robable high cost. C. Greenway Trail Characteristics The primary goal of the NRG is to provide a cont inuous greenway trail through Naugatuck connecting to Waterbury and Beacon Falls for use by pedestrians, cyc lists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other accessibility devices. In limited areas, access to equestrians is anticipated as well. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a 5-10’ la ndscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a 3’-wide grassy shoulder. This Study recomm ends the accommodation of all of these users for the maximum length of the trail as practicable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the short term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring significant engineering solutions shou ld be designed to accommodate all users in a safe and comfortable environment. In some sections, “singl e track” natural trail surfaces for hiking, mountain biking and/or equestrian use may be the best availa ble options. Water trail or ‘blueway’ options are also an important consideration so the Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe and kayak. In Naugatuck, there are two proposed paddl ecraft put-ins/take-outs in addition to the existing one along Platts Mill Road. Proposed locations include a stretch of river adja cent to the parking area at Linden Park and at the south end of Breen Field. Within Naugatuck, most of the greenway is intended to be a 10’ wide, shared-use asphalt path, with 8’ widths in constrained areas. Two-foot-wide soft-surfa ce shoulders will be included with a white shoulder line set 8-12” from the edge of the asphalt. This trail configuration is appropriate for the majority of the greenway through the Borough. If co nditions permit, a four-to-six foot, soft-surface shoulder should be considered on one side of the trail to facilitate eq uestrians and runners looking for a more comfortable surface. Locations very close to the river or wetland areas can be a permeable or semi-permeable surface (stone dust or stabilized aggregate) to reduce st orm-water runoff and make for a more “natural” appearance within environmentally sensitive areas. In Naugatuck, this cond ition may occur along the northern section of the alignment wh ere the NRG trail splits off from the railroad corridor and runs along a shelf closer to the river. Along portions of South Main Street, Hotchkiss Street and the access road into Linden Park, the trail alignment will utiliz e existing (in some case widened) sidewalks for pedestrians, wheelchairs, and young cyclists and road way improvements such as bike lanes, shoulders and signage for cyclists. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 30 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut D. Access Points and Amenities Access to the NRG trail will be provided at a number of parking areas and trailheads in Naugatuck. Some are existing publicly-accessible sites (such as the parking lots at Linden Park and Breen Field), while others will formalize de facto parking areas (such as the shoulder along Platts Mill Road near the small boat launch). All parking lots include trailheads and/or kiosks that feature maps, safety information and environmental and historical interpretive materials. To discourage trail use by ATVs and other motorized vehicles, signs and bollards will be needed at all trailheads as well. Some parking lots are located near proposed small boat launches so people can park and carry their canoes and kayaks a short distance to the river. These locations may also work well for fishing access. Locations for proposed paddlecraft boat launches include a spot adjacent to the parking lot in Linden Park and at the south end of Breen Field. Other trail-related amenities will be determined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms, water fountain s and lighting are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. A rest station is proposed at Linden Park. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs enhance the tr ail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns, and other educational information. In 2006, the COGCNV insta lled three interpretive signs in Linden Park along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Public health can be integrated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Pedestrian-scale Lighting Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety along public streets that double as the NRG route, at key intersections and at trailheads. Locations for proposed lighting improvements include the section of trail from Linden Park to the Whittemore Bridge, the sp ur connection to Borough Hall and up Water Street, South Main Street and the shared driveway/path thro ugh Breen Field. Lighting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibl y emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Potential location for new boat launch along river’s edge in Linden Park. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 31 Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists should be commissioned to provide art fo r the trail system, making the trail unique to its community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. In Naugatuck, pub lic art should be considered at the primary parking lot/trailhead locations at Linden Park and Breen Fi eld as well as at the future recreation area on the Uniroyal site. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 32 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut 16. Use of Rail Corridor Throughout discrete portions of the 22-mile Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG), the recommended trail route runs within the state-owned, active rail corri dor. In Naugatuck, the railroad corridor carries the Waterbury branch of the Metro-North commuter rail se rvice and occasional freight trains. The NRG trail in Naugatuck will run within the rail corridor for appr oximately a mile from a spot across the river from the existing boat launch on Platts Mill Road to the Pulaski Pedestrian Bridge, though portions of the NRG will utilize an old trolley bed and unpaved access road outside of the corridor where possible (see Figure 10 below). Figure 10: Rail with Trail Alignment Diagram. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 33 Because of the use patterns of the rail line, the NRG’s alignment will need to be carefully designed so as not to disrupt train service. Early on in the planning process, members of the project team met with rail operations officials from the Connecticut Departme nt of Transportation (CTDOT) in New Haven to better understand their needs for the corridor. According to the CTDOT, the agency is open to considering having a greenway trail as long as operations are not disrupted and the following conditions are met:  A 25’ setback/buffer from the centerline of the tracks to the edge of the trail to accommodate future double tracking, rail spurs and/or electrif ication towers (it is important to note, however, that the CTDOT’s recently completed Waterbu ry/New Canaan Branch Lines Study does not recommend double tracking or electrification b ecause of high costs and limited benefits).  Unencumbered access for service and emergency vehicles.  A security fence with intermittent gates for maintenance access.  A future greenway trail construction schedule that is coordinated with Metro-North’s summer maintenance schedule when the Waterbury Branch rail service is suspended and replaced with buses.  Any maintenance of the railroad corridor should be coordinated with futu re greenway construction for maximum efficiency of time and funding. Many of these conditions are consistent with research conducted for the U.S. DOT’s Rail-with-Trails: Lessons Learned document by Alta Planning + Design (see: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ rectrails/rwt/toc.htm). This document showed that well-designed rail-with-trail projects typically meet the operational needs of railroads. In some locations, the setback/buffer can be as low as 10’ in constrained areas within rail corridors that have a low frequency and low-speed train service. Regardless of setback distance, the recommended NRG rail-with-trail portion in Naugatuck may not fit neatly on to the existing rail bed used by maintenance vehicles. Achieving the 25’ setback may require the cutting of adjacent trees, re- grading of a portion of the bed and potentially building small retaining walls to accommodate the additional width. In extreme pinch points, the bare minimum setback will need to be at least 12’ to accommodate maintenance vehicles and other machinery. It is also important to recognize, according to the U.S. DOT’s report, that the rail- with-trail portions of the greenway can provide benefi ts to the rail-corridor owner and operator. This includes providing them with a new, well-maintained service corridor adjacent to the tracks (in the form of a greenway trail), and a reduction of illegal track crossings, trespassing and dumping. In addition, towns and cities have seen benefits with increased adjacent property values and enhanced access to the rail corridor by law enforcement and emergency vehicles. Greenway trail in Portland, Oregon whose edge runs within 10-15’ of the centerline of the adjacent active rail line. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 34 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits Two separate, but related, questions must be answered in order to develop a recommended sequence of greenway construction: What are the limits of each individual construction phase? What is the best sequence in which to complete these sections? Secti on limits were determined with an eye toward the following characteristics:  Connectivity – Individual phases should be useful as stand-alone projects and connect to existing public rights-of-way adjacent to residential neighborhoods or an employment area.  Funding Availability – The complete greenway program should be broken into reasonably- sized projects likely to attract funding.  Logical Termini – Since several years may pass between the completion of one section and the beginning of the next, each section should have a logical terminus, such as at an existing public road or park.  Momentum Building – Greenway sections likely to generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm in the community should be built first.  Consistency of Character – Areas in which the character remains consistent from one end to the other. Using these criteria as a guide, recommended section limits for the Naugatuck River Greenway in Naugatuck were created and shown in Figure 11. Section Description Length (miles) N ‐1  Waterbury Line to  Pulaski  Bridge   1.1  N‐2  Whittemore  Bridge  to Breen  Field  0.8  N‐2  Breen Field  to  Beacon  Falls  Line   1.4   TOTAL  LENGTH    3.3  Figure 11: Naugatuck Greenway Sections. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 35 18. Trail Section Prioritization Whenever possible, greenway facilities should be developed as single construction projects or use as few phases as possible. This allows project proponents— elected officials, business interests, community groups, etc.—to realize significant cost savings by pe rforming the design, permitting and construction administration more efficiently. However, it is qui te likely that financial constraints will require the various sections of the Naugatuck River Greenway to be completed in several phases. In Naugatuck, a recommended phasing plan was created by weighing seve n criteria (relative weighting of each criterion shown in parentheses) with the prioritiza tion matrix shown in Table 1 at bottom: 1. Connectivity (25 %) – Does the phase connect to existing or funded portions of the greenway, destinations, or amenities? 2. Permitting Requirements (15 %) – Will the phase be easy to permit? 3. Construction Cost (10 %) – Will the phase be economical to construct? 4. Ease of Construction (10 %) – Will the phase create fewer disturbances to the community? 5. Private Property Impacts (15 %) – Does the phase avoid private property or adversely impacting adjacent property owners? 6. Momentum Building (15 %) – Will the phase generate excitem ent and enthusiasm within the community for the overall greenway? 7. Cultural Benefits (10 %) – Are there natural, historical, environmental, recreational, or educational resources that will be accessed or protected by the phase? Criteria % of Evaluation Scoring N-1 N-2 N-3 Connectivity Prioritize phases that will build the greatest connectivity 25%Connects to at least two existing or funded greenway facilities: 2 5 Connects to one existing or funded greenway facility or downtown area: 10-15 Long-term link needed to build regional network: 015 25 10 Permitting Requirements Favor phases that involve fewer regulatory hurdles 15n be constructed with only Local Approval: 15 Requires only “General Permits” at the state or federal level: 10 Extensive individual state and federal permits required: 0 0150 Construction Cost Prefer phases with a lower cost per linear foot of completed trail 10%Per Linear Foot cost less than $150: 10 Per Linear Foot cost is between $150 and $250: 5 Per Linear Foot cost exceeds $250: 0 550 Ease of Construction Select phases with less disturbance to local community over more invasive projects 10n be built with little or no inconvenience to the community: 10 Construction will create only minor inconvenience: 5 Construction will entail significant inconvenience or temporary closure of road/rails: 0 10 5 10 Property Impacts Favor projects that require fewer Rights-of-Way on private property 15%Phase entails no impacts to private landowners: 15 Phase requires easements or acquisition across 1-3 private properties: 10 Phase requires easements or acquisition across >3 private properties: 015 10 15 Momentum Building Prioritize phases that will generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm within the community 15%Completion is likely to create significant enthusiasm within the community: 15 Completion is likely to create some enthusiasm within the community: 10 Phase serves will serve most users only after adjacent connections are made: 010 10 15 Cultural Benefits Select phases that provide greater access to natural, historical, recreational, archeological or educational resources 10% This section contains significant cultural resources: 10 This section contains some cultural resources: 5 This section contains few cultural resources: 0 550 Total Score 100% 60 75 50 Table 1: Naugatuck Trail Section Prioritization Matrix. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 36 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut 19. Cost Estimate Right-of-Way Acquisition Costs Payments to owners for the easements and parcels required to construct the greenway vary widely depending up existing land use, size and utility of the portion of a parcel acquired, development potential of the area, and a host of other factors. Based u pon recent greenway projects within Connecticut, these costs may range between $40,000 and $100,000 per pa rcel. In addition to the payments to property owners, the services of a licensed surveyor will be n eeded during the ROW process. The survey firm will perform boundary surveys and prepare easement maps that must be recorded in the borough’s land records. These services typically cost $3,000 to $5,000 per easement. Note: this range assumes that easement maps are prepared after survey base maps of the proposed corridor are developed. Finally, legal services will be needed to perform the property transactions. A relatively simple easement transaction will typically cost on the order of $1,500 per tr ansaction if performed by outside counsel. Engineering Costs Engineering costs cover a variety of professional services, including:  Survey (including preparation of ea sement maps as described above)  Preliminary, Semi-Final and Final Design  Public Participation  Permitting (Local, State and Federal as required)  Preparation of Construction Documents  Bid Assistance  Construction Observation and Contract Administration Based upon similar project experience and the proposed greenway features, the engineering costs for the greenway are expected to be in the range of 8-12 % of the estimated construction cost. However, the actual cost of these services will vary widely depe nding on project phasing. To a large extent, the cost of permitting, preparing bid documents and administering the construction for a single phase is the same as the cost for the entire project. Similarly, survey and de sign are more cost effective if done at one time. For this reason, significant cost savings can be rea lized by developing the greenway as a single project. Construction Costs Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this report. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g. replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines, dated January 2010. In keeping with the CTDOT’s cost estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic [4%], minor item s [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 37 tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit prices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with other greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemen ted where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre- fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Since these preliminary estimates are based on a planning -level understanding of trail components, rather than a detailed design, they should be considered “o rder of magnitude” estimates. ASTM Standard E2620 defines order of magnitude as being accurate to within plus 50% or minus 30% of actual cost. This broad range of potential costs is appropriate given the level of uncertainty in the design at this point in the process. Many factors can affect final construction costs, including:  Revisions to the design as required by local, state and federal permitting agencies  Additional requirements imposed by property owners as a condition of granting property rights (e.g., fencing, vegetated buffers, etc.)  Fluctuations in commodity prices during the design and permitting proces ses  Selected construction materials  Type, quality, and quantity of amenities (e. g., benches, lighting, bike racks, etc.)  Extent of landscaping desired As the project progresses through preliminary, semi-final, and final design phases, these uncertainties will begin to diminish. With each round of refinement, the range of expected construction costs will become more accurately known. 20. Community Phasing Plans The following table provides a description of phase limits, phase lengths, recommended construction priority, and estimated cost for each of the gree nway trail phases in Naugatuck. (The detailed cost estimation tables and location map are provided in Appendix C.) The table and appendix are also broken down into “Primary” and “Secondary” portions, i.e. tr ail elements that are necessary for the completion of the primary portion of the NRG trail vs. secondar y elements such as spurs, loops and streetscape improvements that are not integral to the full co mpletion of the trail within the town limits. Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost N‐1  Waterbury Line to  Pulaski  Bridge   1.1  2  $1,140,000 N‐2  Whittemore  Bridge  to Breen  Field  0.8  1  $1,192,000 N‐2  Breen Field  to  Beacon  Falls  Line   1.4   3  $2,044,000   Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  3.3   $4,376,000   Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*       $888,000 * These  secondary  items  are  highlighted  on  the  trail  segment  cost  estimate  table  on  the  second  page  of  Appendix  C.    21. Greenway Zoning Greenway/River Overlay Zoning A greenway/river overlay zone is a land use regulati on established by a municipality for the purpose of protecting a linear corridor for recreational and conservation purposes. These zones have also demonstrated ancillary benefits such as spurring economic development, facilitating redevelopment of Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 38 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut underutilized parcels, improving flood management and water quality and preserving critical habitats. When incorporated into municipal zoning regulations, overlay zones modify the underlying zone’s bulk standards and uses. This tool ca n be used to encourage or dissuade various development scenarios. Relevant to greenway development, overlay zones may be used to:  Alter setback requirements.  Provide incentives in the form of higher developm ent density in exchange for public access to a greenway or river corridor.  Provide incentives for granting easements or providing related amenities for the greenway.  Stipulate landscaping requirements.  Require construction of greenway segments as a condition of site development. Excellent examples of the greenway overlay zoning that have served as model ordinances for communities across the nation include:  Portland, OR – http://www.portlandonline.com/bds/index.cfm?a=53351 (Chapter 33.440 of the Portland Zoning Regulations)  Davidson, NC – http://www.ci.davidson.nc.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1304 (Section 11 of the Town of Davidson Planning Ordinance) Riparian Habitat Zones A riparian habitat ordinance is narrowly focused on protecting the unique habitat present along stream channels and wetland areas. Unlike the Greenway and River Overlay zones described above, a riparian habitat zone does not contain sp ecific requirements for public acce ss or accommodation of a greenway and can be used in areas adjacent to the NRG or along tributaries of the Naugatuck River. Elements of effective riparian habitat ordinances include:  Defines a protected buffer.  Requires a written plan for the protection of the resource.  Requires approval of mitigation measures as a condition of project approval. An example riparian habitat ordinance from Napa, California can be found at the National Center for Appropriate Technology’s (NCAT) Smart Communities Network website: www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/codes/napaord.shtml . This site is a clearinghouse for sustainable development and energy conservation ideas. Complete Streets Complete streets are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users. 1 The State of Connecticut enacted Public Act 09-154 in June of 2009, “An Act Improving Bicycle and Pedestrian Access”. This law requires transportation planners to accommodate all use rs as “a routine part of the planning, design construction and operating activities of all highways…” This change in focus from car-centric to user- 1 National Complete Streets Coalition, “Complete Streets FAQ.” 2009.http://www.completestreets.org/complete-streets- fundamentals/complete-streets -faq/ (accessed May 19, 2010). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 39 centric planning helps create safer, healthier, gr eener and more livable communities. The law also mandates that at least 1% of highway funding be spent on pedestrian and bicycle facilitates. Many municipalities are choosing to formalize their commitment to include all users in the transportation planning process by adopting Complete Streets ordinances. Whereas the overlay zoning regulations described above focus on protecting undeveloped or underdeveloped corridors, Complete Streets ordinances focus on improving facilities within public rights-of-way. Several excellent examples of successful municipal ordinances can be found at www.completestreets.org/webdocs/policy/cs-chart-samplepolicy.pdf 22. Funding Sources Generally, greenways are funded through a combination of local, state, and federal sources. Many funding programs require a minimum local match (e.g., 80 % federal funds, 20% local). In some instances communities have successfully leveraged grant money from private foundations or state programs as a match for other funding sources. Land donations or town public works cre w’s labor may be counted as local match under some funding programs. Community leaders and elected officials from Naugatuc k should pursue a variety of funding sources for land acquisition and greenway constr uction. Reliance on a single funding source can lead to a boom/bust cycle of construction as funding levels shift with the political winds. The following lists an overview of the major funding programs: Municipal Bonds Municipalities have access to the commercial financia l markets via bonds. Use of this funding mechanism is dependent upon strong community support in order to pass the required bond referendum. This is frequently used to obtain the required local match for state and federal funding program. Naugatuck voters approved funding a portion of the greenway tra il from Linden Park to the pedestrian bridge though bonding. Greenway Trust Fund A strategy used by some communities is the creati on of a trust fund for land acquisition and facility operation. These are typically administered by a n on-profit group or by a local greenway commission. These trusts can perform a variety of functions such as property acquisition, fund raising, volunteer organization, community outreach and advocacy. Money may be contributed to the trust fund from a variety of sources, including the municipal general funds, private grant s and gifts. An ideal complete streets policy  Includes a vision for the comm unity’s complete streets.  Defines ‘all users.’  Encourages street conne ctivity for all modes.  Is adoptable by all agencies to cover all roads.  Applies to both new and retrofit projects.  Makes exceptions specific and re quires approval of exceptions.  Directs the use of the latest and best design standards.  Complements the context of the community.  Establishes performance standard s with measurable outcomes.  Includes specific next steps for implementation of the policy. Adopted from National Complete Streets Coalition Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 40 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Adopt-A-Trail Programs These programs are often administered by a local greenway commission and used to fund new construction, renovation, trail brochures, informati onal kiosks, and other amenities. These programs can also be extended to include sponsorship of trail segments for housekeeping needs. Federal Transportation Bill The Congress appropriates funding for federal tran sportation projects every 5 years. The federal transportation bill has been the primary source for greenways construction money in recent years. Various funding programs within the legislation relate to greenway devel opment, including the High Priority Projects (commonly referred to as “earmarks”), Recreational Trails, and Safe Routes to Schools programs. These funds are administered throug h the Connecticut DOT and the Connecticut DEP. The current iteration of the federal Transportation Bill, the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) expired on September 30, 2009. Funding has been continued by continuing resoluti ons until the next federal transportation bill is approved. The next transportation bill is currently being developed by Congress. This presents an opportunity for municipalities to discuss greenway fund ing under the High Priority Projects program with their representatives in Congress. Recreational Trails Program These annual grants are available to government and non-profit agencies, for amounts ranging from $5,000 to $50,000 or more, for the building of trails . It is a reimbursement grant program (sponsor must fund 100% of the project up front) and requires a 20 % local match. These grants are authorized by the SAFETEA-LU (reauthorization in progress, see abov e), and in Connecticut they are administered by the Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). Design Arts Program The National Endowment for the Arts provides gran ts to states and local agencies, individuals and nonprofit organizations for projects that incorpora te urban design, historic preservation, planning, architecture, landscape architecture and other community improvement activities, including greenway development. Grants to organizations and agencies must be matched by a 50-percent local contribution. Agencies can receive up to $50,000. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 41 23. Next Steps The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study is just the first step in the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) in Naugatuck. The NRG will be a long-term, multi-phase project led by all of the municipalities in the corridor, in cooper ation with state and federal agencies. It will require the continued involvement of members of the public, elected officials at all levels of government and community groups in order to support and guide the implementation effort. The following ‘next steps’ are recommended in order to move the effort forward in a sustainable fashion:  Adopt the Study: The City of Waterbury has recently ad opted its plan for the portion of the NRG that runs through the city. Naugatuck could do the same and amend their Plan of Conservation and Development to incorporate the greenway alignment. The Borough could also pursue endorsement of the Study by th eir Planning and Zoning Commissions, Economic Development Commission and Parks Commission.  Create the Right-of-Way : This will ensure that the proposed alignment for the trail is gradually assembled and made available for public access. This can be accomplished by using: o New zoning regulations to ensure that the greenway is accommodated into redevelopment proposals along the alignmen t (see Greenway Zoning section of the report for more detail). A greenway overlay dist rict, in particular, can be an effective tool for Naugatuck to require that trail facilities are integrated into redevelopment projects. A greenway district could also sh ape the quality of the development by ensuring that only uses compatible to the gr eenway can be located along side of it. o Solicitations of easement or outright owne rship should also be considered when key privately-owned parcels are on the market. This is especially critical for properties that may be for sale along South Main Street between Maple Street and Hotchkiss. Here, the NRG could benefit if some (or eventually) all of the parcels were in public ownership, allowing a wider buffer along South Main and/or a possible easement closer to the river. o Begin negotiations with public agencies to ensure that all necessary approvals and permits are completed in order to create an easement across public lands. This can be a lengthy process, especially in areas of environmental sensitivity or at brownfield sites. Stretches of the NRG that permit access to equestrians will need to be considered by the Borough as well.  Find Project “Champions” to Raise Awareness and Money: The Borough should identify an individual, commission or committee to oversee subsequent steps in the design, funding and implementation process for the greenway. (The involvement of the local business community and/or Chamber of Commerce will be cr itical as well.) This will ensure continuity of effort even as elected officials or Mayoral administrations change. F undraising, in particular, is an important component that should begin immediately. Available funding opportunities including: federal transportation funds, regional TIP funding (via COGCNV), economic stimulus grants, national recreational tr ails grants, and state open space grants should be pursued on an annual basis to ensure success (see Funding Sources section of the report for more detail).  Establish a Public-Private-Non-Profit Partnership : Establishment of a “Friends of the NRG” non-profit organization can be an effecti ve advocate for the project. In conjunction with the project “Champion”, this non-profit or ganization can coordinate volunteers, develop an ‘adopt-a-mile’ program and raise funds thro ugh the sale of trail elements including benches, bridges, trailheads, public art, bike racks and trees. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 42 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut  Find “Early Win” Projects : Support for continued action at the local level will grow out of small successes that move the project or in dividual pieces of the project forward. Neighborhood cleanups and ‘adoption’ of futu re trail sections can help build long-term support. Frequent ribbon cuttings, festivals and events create long- term visibility for the project. Development of maps and other NRG pr omotional material will help to publicize the future trail and build excitement. Celebrating every opportunity, no matter how small, can be just as important as a major ribbon cutting for the finished project.  Negotiate with the CTDOT : Town planners and future design consultants will need to work closely with the Connecticut Department of Transportation to: o Ensure that the needs of the railroad corri dor and commuter-rail service are met. In particular, coordination with the CTDOT on the federally-mandated Positi ve Train Control (PTC) Plan will be necessary to ensur e that this PTC Plan does not preclude the greenway’s routing and incorporates the trail’s recommended al ignment. o Coordinate with the Highway Division on the use of state highway rights of way. The NRG alignment utilizes a portion of the shou lder of Route 8 southbound exits 28, 27 and 25 on/off-ramp and the CTDOT will n eed assurance that greenway users will be prevented from accessing the highway. Addi tionally, coordination may be required in the event that the proposed roundabout along Cross Street at exit 25 is funded. Here, the geometry and design of the roundabout may need some minor changes to accommodate the NRG along the south leg. With these actions moving forward, the Naugatuc k River Greenway will be a significant asset for Naugatuck’s residents, businesses and visitors. Th e trail will enhance non-motorized transportation opportunities and bring a recreational amenity that rivals any within the state of Connecticut. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 43 Appendices Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 44 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Appendix A – Community Input Detailed A key component of the Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) and the consultant team’s efforts was community involvement and seeking input on the identification of a feasible greenway routing. After a number of years of ina ctivity, the Regional Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway Committee (RNRGC) was reconvened to help steer routing study. Representa tives on RNRGC included officials from Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls as well as representatives from state and federal agencies, such as Connecticut DOT and DEP, National Parks Service and the Army Corps of Engineers. Staff members of two U.S. Representatives that re present the Naugatuck River Valley were also on the committee. The committee m et every six to eight weeks and all m eetings were open to the public. The RNRGC played an important role in guiding the direction of the routing study and in keeping municipalities, government agencies and U.S. Representatives informed about study progress. Supplementing the RNRGC input was a series of pub lic workshops. One workshop was held in each of the four study communities. The first two public wo rkshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while th e next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston. The second two public workshops were held on Marc h 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of the meeting was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they woul d like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, these four community workshops, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a re sult. One attendee even suggested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps and study reports were also posted on the project website which was established at the beginning of the process and maintained unt il the very end of the process. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the wo rkshops, via email, and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of works hops in the Republican American and weekly town papers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. The second half of each workshop featured a sma ll-group exercise. Using large maps as references, community members were asked to discuss the following questions and mark up the maps with their suggestions, ideas and concerns. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 45 1. What are the key places/destinations that the Greenway trail should connect to? 2. Where are the critical gaps between th ese places and the Naugatuck River? 3. Where along the river are the best places for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc. 4. What are your comments on the draft recommended routing? 5. Where along the proposed greenway are the best pl aces for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc.? Each meeting wrapped up after the smaller groups reported back to the entire group with their comments on local conditions as well as recommendations for potential routing options and the placement and nature of greenway amenities. Subsequent to the four community workshops, me mbers of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail connections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A meeting was also held with representatives of th e Railroad Museum of New England, the operator of the Naugatuck Railroad. They explained their future plans for the museum and support for the greenway project. The museum representatives also explained their safety concerns and maintenance requirements for the rail with trails sections of the greenway route. After comments were gathered from the workshops and other key stakeholders, draft reports for the four municipalities and the overall region were written and made available for public comment. Printed copies were available at Town Clerks’ offices as well as at the Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls public libraries. The project web site included links to electronic copies of the draft reports. A fifth and final public meeting was held in Waterbury on September 14, 2010, in conjunction with the monthly meeting of the Regional Planning Commission. This provided a final opportunity for the public to weigh-in on the final draft reco mmendations of the Greenway Routing Study. During the month of October, public presentations of the final recommendations were made in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. (The alignment for the Naugatuck River Gree nway in Waterbury had been determined in an earlier study and adopted in early 2010.) These gave their respective communities and elected officials the opportunity to see the final r ecommendations in a Powerpoint slideshow format. Simultaneously, electronic copies of the final report s for the individual municipalities as well as the Regional Report and Executive Summary were made available on the project website. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 46 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps Table 2: Land Parcel Inventory (see maps on following pages). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 47 Figure 12: Land Parcel Inventory Map 5 for Naugatuck Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 48 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Figure 13: Land Parcel Inventory Map 6 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 49 Appendix C – Detailed Cost Estimate Tables Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this appendix. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g. replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines , dated January 2010. In keeping with CTDOT’s co st estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic [4%], minor items [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Cost estimates can also be impacted when a local public works department carries out the work. In these cases, so me of CTDOT’s estimated add-ons would not apply. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit pr ices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with othe r greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemented where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre-fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 50 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 51 Figure 14: Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram in Naugatuck. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 52 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 53 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 54 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 55 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 56 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 57 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 58 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 59 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 60 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 61 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 62 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 63 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 64 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 65 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 66 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 67 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 68 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 69 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 70 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 71 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 72 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut | 73 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 74 | Final Report: Naugatuck, Connecticut

Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 1 1. Overview of the Study The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study recommends a feasible routing for the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) trail through Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, connecting to Waterbury. The NRG will provide residents throughout the region with a safe multi-use path that connects to neighboring municipalities. It is envisioned that this greenway will ultimately extend 44 miles from Torrington to Derby. The two primary goals of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) are: 1) To develop a non-motorized transportation facility for walkers and cyclists. 2) To provide public access to the Naugatuck River. The Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) and a consultant team led by Alta Planning + Design studied, analyzed and developed routing recommendations for the Naugatuck River Greenway trail. Five study reports were created, one for each study municipality and a regional report that covers the 22-mile river corridor through the Central Naugatuck River Region. The st udy reports make recommendations for the trail and related improvements such trailheads, parking areas, canoe/kayak landings, as river access for fishing, on-street bike improvements, equestrian uses and spur connections. Cost esti mates and phasing recommendations for the greenway trail are also included. The year-long routing study effort included commu nity workshops, site walks, stakeholder meetings, GIS-based data analysis and review of aerial photography. The study was ov erseen by the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Committee (RNRGC), which included municipal officials, representatives from state and federal agencies, and COGCNV staff. Committee meetings were open to the public. A study website (http://www.cogcnv.org/greenway/ ) was created to keep the public informed about the study and to solicit public comment on draft documents and maps. Public workshops were conducted in each of the four communities. These workshops provided valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The study team also learned of important connections to neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the study corridor. Additional trail spurs and connections were added to the recommendations as a result. A public meeting was held in September 2010. Informational presentations were also given in October 2010 to the public and municipal officials in each study community. Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined se paratel y One of the break-out group tables at the community meeting held in Thomaston on November 18, 2009 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 2 Proposed view looking southwest to the new NRG at-grade crossing of Hill Road Trail cross-section north of Frost Bridge Road (Route 262) showing the greenway trail’s relationship to the Naugatuck River, the Naugatuck Railroad and Route 8 2. Recommended Greenway Routing Early on in the planning process, the consulting team analyzed the opportunities and challenges of establishing a trail along the Naugatuck River. So me of the primary opportunities include existing unpaved service-vehicle access roads, roadways with wide lanes and shoulders (that could be narrowed), existing or funded sections of trail currently along the river and large parcels of public land. The most significant challenges to creating a greenway trail with in the river corridor include an active railroad line, the Route 8 expressway, privately owned propertie s along the river, steep slopes and wetlands. The resulting analysis was incorporated into the developm ent of recommendations for the routing of the trail and is summarized below: Thomaston The NRG within Thomaston will provide a diverse experience for walkers, runners and cyclists. The 4.5 mile trail includes portions set adjacent to existing roadways, soft-surface pathways close to the river, a short “rail- with-trail” portion, and streets shared with low-speed vehicle traffic. The route will provide connections to many attractions in town: Thomaston Dam, Railroad Museum of New England, Clock Walk, Thomaston Opera House and Blue-Blazed Mattatuck Trail at the Watertown line. Trail-side amenities will be provided along the route, including: small parking lots, picnic areas, small boat launches (for canoes and kayaks), rest stops, seating, water fountains, public art, and interpretive signage and kiosks. Watertown In Watertown, the 3.4 mile long NRG will consist primarily of a multi-use path that runs in between Route 8 and the rail line adjacent to the west bank of the Naugatuck River. In some locations, the trail alignment is relatively close to the tracks—separated by a buffer of 25’— whereas in others locations, it is separated from the rail line by a wider vegetated buffer. The stretch of greenway between the Thomaston Town Line at Branch Brook and Frost Bridge Road is a two-mile stretch of pathway unbroken by cross streets or roads. It runs through a very scenic section of the Naugatuck River valley. From Frost Bridge Road to the Waterbury line, the trail will run alongside the rail line with occasional sections affording closer access and views to the river. A new pedestrian/bike bridge connects the trail on the west bank to the northern terminus of Waterbury’s portion of the Naugatuck River Greenway just south of the intersection of Thomaston Avenue and Spruce Brook Road. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 3 Chase River Road’s wide shoulders will be narrowed to accommodate the NRG Future NRG trail alongside the active commuter rail line in Naugatuck The connection through the State Forest could include a trail section similar to the Catwalk Trail in New Mexico’s Gila National Forest Waterbury Completed in February 2010, the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing and Feasibility Study developed recommendations for the city’s seven-mile section of greenway trail. The proposed trail will include ten trailheads, six small parking areas, four new paddlecraft put-ins, four new river bridges and the rehabilitation of three existing rail trestle bridges. It also includes recommendations for trail spurs and on-street connections to link the Waterbury NRG to the Steele Brook path, downtown Waterbury and the train station. Though completed in a separate planning process, the proposed alignment was intended to incorporate the trail’s extension to the north and south as part of the regional Naugatuck River Greenway. Naugatuck The NRG in Naugatuck will take various forms including portions set adjacent to existing roadways, soft-surface pathways adjacent to the river (in the short term), “rail- with-trail” portions adjacent to Metro-North and a multi- use path running through Borough parks adjacent to the river. The 3.3 mile route will incorporate the already planned greenway trail through Linden Park to the Maple Street Bridge and provide connections to many destinations and attractions such as the Green, the railroad station, the Historical Society Museum and a number of open spaces including Linden Park, Breen Field, the Naugatuck State Forest and a future recreation area on the former Uniroyal site. Trail-side amenities will include small parking lots, picnic areas, boat launches, rest stops, water fountains, public art, seating, interpretive signage and kiosks. Beacon Falls In Beacon Falls, the NRG will be a 4.3 mile trail that includes a nearly two-mile stretch through the Naugatuck State Forest, in the short term as an improved system of existing trails. In the long term, the greenway will include catwalks, structured portions and potentially a new bridge over the river to connect the do wntown area to the existing trails behind the Murtha Ind ustrial Park. From North Main Street, the trail will connect to the section of greenway currently planned and funded along South Main Street from the Depot Street Bridge to the intersection with Rte. 42. The route will provide important connections to numerous public open spaces, including the State Forest, Veterans Park, Volunteer Park and to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. Like other municipalities, trail-side amenities will be provided along the route as well. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 4 Recommended Greenway Routing Concept from Thomaston to Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 5 Diagram illustrating Regional NRG Trail Priority Sections 3. Trail Section Prioritization Most likely, financial constraints will require the Na ugatuck River Greenway to be completed in multiple phases. For Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, a recommended phasing plan was created by weighing seven criteria for each segment of the NRG trail. The criteria included Connectivity, Permitting Requirements, Construction Cost, Ease of Construction, Private Property Impacts, Momentum Building and Cultural Benefits. The results of the evaluation show that one of the two or three NRG trail sections in each municipality stands out as the clear priority project. This quartet of phased projects should help to chart a course for a regional strategy that looks at funding portions of the greenway in an effective manner, one that will introduce portions of the greenway to Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls at approximately the same time period. North of Waterbury, the phasing evaluation highlights the potential of two adjoining phases in Thomaston and Watertown running from downtown Thomaston to Frost Bridge Road. South of Waterbury, the priority projects extend the linear length of the previously- funded NRG projects in downtown Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, respectively. Although connecting all four towns to each other and to Waterbury’s portion of the NRG will be a long-term endeavor but one that will bring tremendous rewards for the residents of the region. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 6 4. Community Phasing Plans and Cost Estimates The following tables provide a description of phase limits, phase lengths, recommended construction priority, and estimated cost for the four municipalities in the corridor , not including Waterbury. The tables are also broken down into “Primary” and “S econdary” portions, i.e. trail elements that are necessary for the completion of the primary portion of the NRG trail vs. secondary elements such as spurs, loops and streetscape improvem ents that are not integral to the full completion of the trail within the municipal limits. Table 1: Thomaston Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost T‐ 1  Thomaston Dam  to  Railroad  Museum   1.5  3 $1,716,000  T‐2  East  Main  Street  Bridge  and  Elm  Street   0.5  2  $1,913,000   T‐3  Seth Thomas  Factory  to Watertown  Line   1.9  1 $1,900,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  3.9    $5,529,000     Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Secondary       $372,000  Table 2: Watertown   Table 3: Naugatuck Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost N ‐1  Waterbury Line to  Pulaski  Bridge   1.1  2 $1,140,000  N‐2  Maple  Street  Bridge  to  Breen  Field  0.8  1  $1,192,000   N‐2  Breen Field  to  Beacon  Falls  Line   1.4   3 $2,044,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  3.3   $4,376,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Secondary      $888,000     Table 4: Beacon Falls Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost BF‐1   Naugatuck Line  to  Main  Street   1.8  2 $2,744,000  BF‐2   Main  Street  to  Toby’s  Pond   1.8  1  $1,357,000   BF‐3   Toby’s Pond  to  Seymour  Line   0.7   3 $681,000     Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  4.3   $4,782,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Secondary      $910,000   Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost W‐1  Thomaston Line  to  Frost  Bridge  Road   2.7  1 $1,847,000  W‐2  Frost  Bridge  Road  to  Waterbury  Line  0.7  2  $917,000   Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary 3.4  $2,764,000     Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Secondary       $1,970,000  Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 7 Future view of the NRG trail adjace nt to the active railroad tracks between the O&G wash plant and Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park in Beacon Falls Conclusion / Next Steps The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study is just the first step in the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG). The NRG will be a long-term, multi-phase project led by the municipalities, in cooperation with state and federal ag encies. It will require the continued involvement of members of the public, elected officials at all levels of government and community groups in order to support and guide the implementation effort. The following ‘next steps’ are recommended in order to move the effort forward in a sustainable fashion:  Adopt the Study: Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls could amend their Plans of Conservation and Development to in corporate the greenway alignment.  Create the Right-of-Way: This will ensure that the proposed alignment for the trail is gradually assembled and made available for public access. This can be accomplished by using: o New zoning regulations to ensure that the greenway is accommodated into redevelopment proposals along the proposed greenway alignment. o Solicitations of easement or outright ownership should also be considered when key privately-owned parcels are on the market. o Begin permitting process to ensure that all necessary approvals and permits are completed, including Inland Wetlands, CTDEP and Army Corps of Engineers.  Find Project “Champions” to Raise Awareness and Money: Each municipality should identify an individual, commission or committee to oversee subsequent steps in the design, funding and implementation process for the greenway.  Establish a Public-Private-Non-Profit Partnership: Establishment of a “Friends of the NRG” non-profit organization can be an effective advocate and fundraiser for the project.  Find “Early Win” Projects: Support for continued action at the local level will grow out of small successes that move the project or in dividual pieces of the project forward.  Negotiate with the Connecticut Department of Transportation to ensure that the needs of the railroad corridor are met while designing the rails-with-trails sections. Also coordinate with the highway division on the use of state highway rights-of-way.  Incorporate the greenway alignment into the Thomaston Dam master plan to allow for future partnerships with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. With these actions moving forward, the Naugatuck River Greenway will become a regional asset for residents, businesses and visitors. The trail will enhance non- motorized transportation opportunities and bring a recreational amenity that rivals any within the state of Connecticut. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 8 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 9 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 10 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 11 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Executive Summary 12

Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 1 Table of Contents 1. Overview ……………………………………………………………… ………………….. 3 2. Mission and Goals …………………………………………………………….. ………….. 5 3. Study Methodology ……………………………………………………………… ………… 6 4. Study Area ……………………………………………………………… …………………. 7 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis …………………………………………………….. 8 6. Obstacles to Access and Co nnectivity (Gap Analysis) ………………………………….. 11 7. Affected Prop erty Data …………………………………………………………… ……. 12 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost ……………………………………………… 12 9. Brownfields and Environmental Cons traints ……………………………………………. 12 10. Safety and Security ……………………………………………………………… …….. 14 11. Permitting Issues ……………………………………………………………… ………. 15 12. Coordination with Other Studies ………………………………………………………. 18 13. Community Input ……………………………………………………………… ………. 19 14. Opportunities an d Challenges …………………………………………………………. 20 15. Recommended Gr eenway Routing …………………………………………………….. 22 16. Use of Rail Corridor ……………………………………………………………. ……… 33 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits ……………………………………………………. 35 18. Trail Section Prioritization …………………………………………………………….. 36 19. Cost Es timate …………………………………………………………….. …………… 37 20. Community Phasing Pl ans ………………………………………………………….. …. 38 21. Greenway Zoning …………………………………………………………….. ……….. 38 22. Funding Sources ……………………………………………………………… ………… 40 23. Next Steps ………………………………………………………….. …………………. 42 Appendices Appendix A – Community Input Detailed ………………………………………………….. 45 Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps …………………………………………….. 47 Appendix C – Detailed Co st Estimate Tables ………………………………………………. 51 List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. ……………………. 3 Figure 2: Greenway Routing An alysis in Beacon Falls. ……………………………………. 10 Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges for Potential Greenway Route in Beacon Falls …. 21 Figure 4: Recommended Greenway Rout ing Concept in Beacon Falls ……………………. 23 Figure 5: Cross-sectional view of th e Naugatuck River Valley illustrating the large span bridge featur ed in the West Option. ………………………………………. 27 Figure 6: Existing and photo-simulati on view of the west end of the long-span bridge over Route 8, the river and the railroad line. The structural piers are configured to accommo date a second track in the future. …………. 28 Figure 7: Existing and photo-simula tion view of the rail corridor adjacent to Lopus Road (at left ) between the O&G wash plant (background) and Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. …………………………………… 30 Figure 8: Rail with Trail Alignm ent Diagram in Beacon Falls. …………………………….. 33 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 2 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Figure 9: Beacon Falls Greenway Sections ………………………………………………… 35 Figure 10: Land Parcel Inventory Ma p 6 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls ……………………. 48 Figure 11: Land Parcel Inventory Ma p 7 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls ……………………. 49 Figure 12: Land Parcel Invent ory Map 8 for Beacon Falls …………………………………. 50 Figure 13: Trail Segment Cost Es timate Location Diagram. ………………………………. 54 List of Tables Table 1: Beacon Falls Trail Sect ion Prioritization Matrix …………………………………. 36 Table 2: Land Parcel In ventory (Appendix B) ……………………………………………… 47 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 3 1. Overview The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Stud y report recommends routing for the Naugatuck River Greenway trail through the Town of Beacon Fa lls, Connecticut. The routing is the product of a year-long effort to study, analyze and devel op routing recommendations for a Naugatuck River Greenway trail along the Naugatuck River in Wester n Connecticut. As part of this project, greenway routing reports were also created for Thomaston, Wa tertown and Naugatuck. A routing report was also created for Waterbury, as part of a separate process. The overall goal of these reports is to identify a route for a 22-mile long regional greenway trail in the Central Naugatuck Valley Region. It is envisioned that this greenway will ultimately extend 44 miles fr om Torrington in the north to Derby in the south. The two primary goals of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) are: 1) To develop a non-motorized transportation facility for walkers and cyclists. 2) To provide public access to the Naugatuck River. The NRG will provide Beacon Falls residents with a safe pedestrian and bicycle path that will connect to neighboring municipalities. The NRG will facilitate river access for fishing and small boat launches. The recommended alignment in Beacon Falls remains within viewing distance of the river for almost the entire proposed route. This allows users to appreciate the beauty of the Naugatuck River, even when being directly alongside of it is not possible or practical. In most areas along the length of the alignment, the preferred greenway route was apparent due to the relative ease of developing a trail along one side of the river versus the opposite bank. In a handful of locations, however, routing options were presented and narrowed down after input from the general public, the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, town officials and Council of Governments of th e Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) staff. For the Study, a greenway is defined as “ a corridor of land that connects people and nature together,” and a trail is defined as “ a linear facility for non-motori zed transportation and recreation .” The future trail’s design will be context sensitive; in some sections it may be a paved, shared-use path for pedestrians and bicyclists, while in others, the trail may be a rustic, natural-surface path amenable to equestrians. The Study also makes recommendations for the trail and related improvements such as trailheads, parking areas, canoe/kayak landings, on-street bike improvements and other spur connections. Figure 1: Map showing the five municipalities affected by this Study, though the alignment through Waterbury was determined separately. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 4 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Throughout the planning process, care was taken to ensure that recommendations coming from this Study fully considered recommendations from the Waterbury Naugatuck River Greenway Routing/ Feasibility Study as well as the various greenway planning efforts occurring separately in all four municipalities. The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study also recommends connections to nearby parks, schools, state forests and town centers along the route. The Naugatuck River is the Central Naugatuck Valley Region’s primary natural resource. While in many stretches the river has an industrial nature, in others it takes on the traits of a wild river running through far less developed areas, such as northern New England or the Berkshires. Today, there is a new appreciation of the value of this resource in the heart of Western Connecticut. COGCNV recognizes this portion of the Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway as the core of an inter-connected greenway system that will eventually connect to Ox ford, Middlebury and Southbury via Larkin State Park Trail and to Connecticut Forest and Park’s Blue- Blazed hiking trail network. When complete, the Naugatuck River Greenway will:  Serve as alternative green transportation facility.  Provide recreation opportunities for residents and visitors.  Improve the quality of life in local communities.  Increase property values adjoining the greenway.  Help retain and attract new businesses and residents.  Raise awareness and help build appreciation of the value of the Naugatuck River. The scenic quality of some se ctions of the Naugatuck River rivals that of rivers nearly anywhere in New England. Greenway-oriented ec onomic development adjacent to the Sue Gro ssman Still River Greenway in Torrington. (photo: Peter Kisselburgh) Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 5 2. Mission and Goals The following Mission and Goals provide a measurable set of guidelines for the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway. Mission: Develop an interconnected greenway trail along the Naugatuck River corridor from Thomaston to Beacon Falls that incorporates existing and planned trails and open spaces, and connects to nearby parks, schools, do wntowns, public transportation and other destinations in order to create opportuniti es for non-motorized transportation and for communities to reconnect with the na tural environment along the river. Goal 1: Connect Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury , Naugatuck and Beacon Falls with a contiguous multiuse greenway trail. Furt hermore, access points and connectivity to commuter and tourist train stations and bus routes are necessary for the proposed trail to be a successful transportation and recreational facility. Goal 2: Increase the number of people walking an d bicycling for transportation and recreation and the number of children walking and bicycling to school in the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region, helping to reduce traffic congestion, greenhouse-gas emissions and sedentary lifestyles. Goal 3: Support each community’s economic developm ent efforts by routing the greenway to serve their downtown areas. Goal 4: Incorporate context-sensitive design in th e planning and development of the greenway trail. The trail will be sensitive to local conditions. Individual sections of the trail may be designed as a rustic, natural-surface trail or as a paved, shared-use path based on local conditions. Some stretches could be designed to encourage equestrians, depending on local conditions. Interpretive elements will reflect each community’s unique heritage and culture, while a greenway logo will establish a consistent identity along the entire greenway trail. Goal 5: Reconnect the communities of the Centra l Naugatuck Valley Region to the Naugatuck River. Provide access to the river for recreati onal, educational and public safety purposes. Encourage municipalities and residents to better protect the river corridor. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 6 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 3. Study Methodology The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study followed a methodology that included community workshops, site walks, stakeholder meetings, reviews of relevant planning documents and field observations to identify short-term and long-term alternatives for development of the regional greenway. Planning tools such as GIS-based data analysis and review of aerial photography were employed as well. The mission and goals outlined in the previous section guided the planning process. A series of site walks and meetings with stakeholders in each of the communities occurred throughout the fall of 2009 and continued on an as-needed basis through the summer of 2010. Public workshops for the data-gathering stage were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively and on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. Additionally, the project website ( http://www.cogcnv.org/greenway ) was maintained throughout the duration of the Study. A core element of the Routing Study was to identify gaps in the current greenway system and propose short- and long-term alternatives for closing the gaps and connecting existing or planned sections of the greenway. Gaps were evaluated for:  Land ownership issues  User accessibility  Environmental concerns  Physical barriers such as topography, major roads and rail lines, etc.  Permitability, constructability and cost  Adjacent planned development  Community support or opposition  Overall character, including view opportunities  Adjacency to points of interest  Potential or lack of access points After the Gap Evaluation, an analysis of opportuniti es and challenges within the project corridor was conducted to refine the routing alternatives. Worki ng with COGCNV planners and the Naugatuck River Greenway Committee, the alternatives were narrowed do wn to a recommended greenway alignment that had the community’s support. In conjunction with th e routing recommendations, a phasing plan for implementation, along with cost estimates for each phase were developed. The phasing recommendations take into account that greenway planning, design an d development often occur over extended periods of time and early successes can help to maintain overall project support, funding and momentum. Community members discuss greenway planning issues at the March 23 meetin g at Woodland Hi gh School. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 7 The planning and conceptual design of the trail fo llows appropriate trail-related design guidelines. For example, the typical cross-section for the NRG is based on the AASHTO 19 99 Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities, which recommends a ten foot-wide shared-use path with two-foot soft shoulders (fourteen feet total) with a minimum dimension of eight feet to clear pinch points. This does not preclude, however, the possibility that some sections of the trail may include stretches that are narrower and made of permeable surfaces due to lo cal conditions and other constraints. 4. Study Area The study area is a 22-mile corridor along the Naugat uck River within the municipalities of Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. The corridor is approximately one-half to one mile in width but can vary to allow for a full range of opportunities for con sideration, including the potential for trails on both sides of the river or along roads, highways and rail corridors. Recommendations for the greenway alignment extend from the Thomaston Dam in Thomaston to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park in Beacon Falls. Connections further north to To rrington and south to Derby are being coordinated by the Litchfield Hills Council of Elected Officials and the Valley Council of Governments, respectively. Within the 4.5-mile long river corr idor in Beacon Falls, the northern half of the study area for a potential greenway trail was limited to an approximately half -mile wide river corridor between the steeply-sloping hills of the Naugatuck State Forest. Beyond the ri ver corridor, however, on-road bicycle improvements and hiking trail enhancements were studied within in St ate Forest. On the eastern side of the river valley, lies the current Route 8 Expressway and an abandoned portion of Old Route 8. To the west, there lies the Metro-North Railroad Waterbury Branch and a sing le land, unpaved access road (Cold Spring Road). There are also a number of Blue-Bla zed hiking trails in the Naugatuck State Forest, including the popular High Rock trail on the west side. Limited parking and poor access keep the number of hikers and mountain bikers to a relative minimum on the eastern portion of the State Forest. South of State Forest boundary, the study area flattens out considerably and the adjacent land uses become more varied. Flanking the river in this area are residential neighborhoods and small-scale commercial sites on the east bank while industrial users are more prevalent on the west. Despite this, there is still a verdant quality to the river landscape as most buildings are set back from the river and the riverbank retains its natural look. While Route 8 hugs the river through the State Forest, through downtown Route 8 sits away from the edge of the river and does not dominate the river landscape. Route 8 crosses back to the east and the Naugatuck River turns sharply at Riverbend Park. The corridor ends at Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, the southern terminus of the study area. The Naugatuck River has retained its natural beauty through much of Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 8 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 5. Potential Greenway Routing Analysis The analysis of Potential Greenway Routes is based on meetings and walking tours with stakeholders, field observations and the examinatio ns of aerial photos and GIS-based maps. This analysis is based on the long-term desire to incorporate a 8-12’ wide st one dust or paved trail in close proximity to the Naugatuck River, but a narrower dirt hiking trail or on-street bike lanes in the short term are not precluded. These may be necessary to avoid diffi cult stretches where property ownership issues, engineering challenges or envi ronmental constraints exist. The Town of Beacon Falls’ Greenway Routing Analysis Map (Figure 2 on page 10) includes:  Identification of cultural and historic destinations and scenic areas that should be connected to the greenway.  Existing, planned or proposed local greenways.  Portions of the corridor for which no apparent routing options currently exist, i.e. gaps.  Identification of potential spurs and loops that connect to other greenw ays, amenities and destinations For the latter two bullet points, the map features el ements along the river that present existing and potential conditions along the Naugatuck River. Poten tial conditions and example situations from the region are presented below:  No apparent routing option along the river – typically due to the placement of Route 8 along the edge of the river or very steep hills or cliffs that may present significant challenges (note that this does not preclude the possibility of a narrow, short- term path as mentioned above).  Potential ‘rail with trail’ along active rail line – an active rail line with an adjacent level shelf, unutilized spur or maintenance way that is potentially wide enough to accommodate the greenway trail with an appropriate setback (ideally 20-25’ but potentially as low as 10’) from the rail line. Example: North of the Prospect Street Bridge in Naugatuck where Route 8 runs very close to the river’s edge. Example: The rail corridor through parts of Naugatuck may offer an opportunity for a rail-with-trail greenway section. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 9  Potential trail adjacent to the river – portions of the riverbank where spatial and topographical constraints do not prevent the routing of the trail close to the river’s edge.  Potential connection along existing access road or street rights of way (ROW) – areas where the greenway may be able to use an adjacent access road or the portion of an adjacent road ROW with sufficient width to accommodate a trail.  Potential spur trail/street improvements – these are on-road improvements that may involve creating bicycle lanes and improved pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks. These on-road improvements can help to connect the greenway to other trails, schools, cultural destinations and downtown areas. Example: Portions of the greenway trail within Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park are likely to run adjacent to the river. Example: A dirt maintenance roadway that runs between the rail line and Route 8 in Watertown is an opportunity for the trail. Example: Streetscape enhancements along Elm Street in Thomaston will improve connections between the future Naugatuck River Greenway and the Clock Walk. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 10 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Figure 2: Greenway Routing Analysis in Beacon Falls. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 11 6. Obstacles to Access and Connectivity (Gap Analysis) Throughout the 4.5-mile corridor in Beacon Falls, there are a handful of obstacles to access and connectivity for a seamless Naugatuck River Greenway tra il. The obstacles include the steep slopes of the hills within the Naugatuck State Forest, the presen ce of Route 8 and the rail line along the river, the Route 42 right of way and numerous priv ately-owned parcels along the river. Within the State Forest, the only flat land adjacent to the river is dominated by transportation infrastructure, limiting access to the river. This long gap runs the length of the State Forest on the east side, but parallel access for non-motorized users is possible along the existing road bed of former Route 8, just east of the current Route 8. The road bed allows hiking and mountain bike connectivity to a network of former logging roads and the Blue-Blazed hiking trail within the State Forest. On the west side of the rive r, the State Forest can be accessed via Hunters Mountain Road and Black Forest Road in Naugatuck and Cold Spring Road in Beacon Falls. The bridge connecting these two roads is currently out of service for cars, but is scheduled to be replaced. The bridge is accessible by those on foot or bicycle. There are Blue-Blazed hiking trails on the west side of Naugatuck State Forest as well. Obstacles to river access and connectivity continue within Beacon Falls proper, though some portions of the Naugatuck River are accessible to the community. Old Route 8/North Main Street on the east bank provides access along the sidewalk from Volunteer Park to Veteran’s Park. South of the Depot Street Bridge, a relatively narrow shoulder of the four-lane road will soon be transformed into a greenway link within the right of way from the bridge to South Main Street’s intersection with Route 42 . South of this spot, traffic increases and South Main becomes a more signific ant obstacle for non-motorized movement along the river or from the adjacent neighborhood to the northe ast. From Riverbend Park on the east bank south to the town line, a collection of homes and other pr ivate property, as well as the Route 8, present obstacles to river access. On the west bank of the river across from the center of Beacon Falls, numerous privately-owned parcels limit connecti vity along the river. Railroad Avenue runs parallel to the uses along the west bank of the river. This street brings motorist and hikers to the small parking area that serves the existing hiking trail behind the Murtha Industrial Park and brings hikers back to Railroad Avenue and the Route 8 overpass. South of this point, Railroad Avenue becomes a private road that accesses O&G Industries’ wash plant property. This private road ru ns parallel to the Metro-North Railroad. The private road ends at Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. The railroad tracks that run along the river for the length of the State Forest complicate the ability to place the NRG on the west bank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 12 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 7. Affected Property Data The parcels falling within or adjacent to the study area boundary have been identified and shown on the figures provided in Appendix B. A table with parcel size and property-owner information is also provided in Table 2 in Appendix B. The parcel inventory is intended to facilitate future correspondence between the municipality and affected property owners. The pa rcel table was developed from the COGCNV GIS parcel database. In some instances the information may be incomplete. In Beacon Falls, a total of ten parcels have been identi fied within the study corridor, not including public rights of way. Key parcels of public land within the corridor include:  CTDOT’s Route 8 right of way  CTDOT-owned property (various segments within town limits)  Riverbend Park (maintained by Trout Unlimited)  Volunteer Park  Veteran’s Park  O&G Industries’ hiking trail around the Murtha Industrial Park (privately owned with easement)  Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park 8. General Construction Feasibility and Cost Experience on other greenway projects can be used to infer a planning level estimate of expected construction cost for the Naugatuck River Greenw ay in Beacon Falls. For a typical greenway with conventional structure types in a rural setting, exp ected greenway construction costs for either a 10-12’ paved or stone dust path range fr om $0.75 to $1.25 million per mile. Many factors will affect final cost including construction materials, commodity prices, pr operty impacts of the selected alignment and other undetermined issues. Costs for a greenway trail along th e Naugatuck River corridor, as with most greenway projects, will be largely driven by the requirements of structural com ponents (e.g., bridges, pile-supported walkways, etc.). Completing the entire corridor within Beacon Falls’ to wn limits will require an expensive solution to pass through the Naugatuck State Forest, utilizing either bracketed, cantilevered sections or a large-scale river/Route 8/railroad track bridge crossing. Anothe r expensive component will be a new trail bridge over the Naugatuck River either adjacent to the Pine s Bridge or near the Route 42 intersection of South Main Street and Bethany Road. The rest of the NRG in Beacon Falls will rely on the relatively- straightforward development of a trail through existing parks and along road or rail rights-of-way. 9. Brownfields and Envi ronmental Constraints Land use within Beacon Falls’ greenway corridor vari es from densely developed industrial and mixed commercial/residential to undeveloped forestland. Each of the various land uses brings its own set of environmental challenges. In urbanized environments with a history of industry like Beacon Falls, it is common to find sites contaminated with oils or hazardous materials. Olde r development frequently included use of urban fill materials (e.g., brick, block and asphalt within a soil and ash matrix). Due to the presence of ash and asphalt within the urban fill, it is common to find pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (compounds commonly found in petroleu m and combustion by-products) within urban fill materials. These concerns will likely complicate the acquisition of parcels for greenway development. As definitive designs for the various greenway segments are developed, the designer should identify parcels Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 13 with known or potential historic releases of contaminants. This will allow trail designs to incorporate appropriate mitigation measures. A first-order assessment of potential contaminat ion can be made by reviewing the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection’s (CTD EP) “List of Contaminated or Potentially Contaminated Sites in Connecticut” and “List of Sig nificant Environmental Hazards Reported to the DEP.” As of September 2009 and February 2010, respectively, no sites along the greenway corridor in Beacon Falls were listed by the CTDEP as contaminated. However, these lists are not exhaustive and only provide information about sites that CTDEP is awar e of. If warranted, a more detailed evaluation in the form of a Phase I/II Environmental Site Assessment may need to be undertaken. Constructing portions of the greenway may require disturbing polluted soil. Special consideration should be given to the following: o Soil disposal: If excess soil is generated during the cons truction of the trail, it may require special handling and disposal due to the presen ce of pollutants. We recommend that the trail be designed in a manner to reduce the amount of excess soil generated during the project to mitigate the potential for excessive costs associated with polluted soil disposal. o Potential for exposure: Although the greenway may be paved, thereby mitigating the potential for users to come into contact with pollutants directly beneath the trail, soil located along the shoulders of the trail could provide a potential exposure pathway. Surficial soil quality testing may reveal these conditions and permit the desi gner to incorporate mitigating measures (e.g., separation fabrics, clean fill, etc.). In less developed areas, environmental constraints re late less to mitigating man-made contamination and more to protecting and managing natural resources. Sensitive resources include: wetlands, flood plains, endangered or threatened species habitat, steep sl opes or erosive soils and archeological resources. In these resource areas, a special effort should be ma de to maintain and/or re-establish riparian buffers adjacent to the river or wetlands. These buffers help protect water quality, lower water temperatures and provide wildlife corridors. Where the greenway is propos ed to cross an area identified as a potential endangered or threatened species habitat, a review by the CTDEP should be sought early in the design process. The CTDEP will advise the municipality on a ppropriate measures to protect the critical habitat. If the CTDEP determines that the proposed project is lik ely to impact a listed threatened or endangered species, or significant natural communities, departme nt staff will provide recommendations to avoid or minimize impacts to these species and habitats. CTDEP permit analysts reviewing the project environmental permit applications will consider these recommendations during their review and typically incorporate appropriate conditions as part of the permit. Where appropriate, municipalities are encouraged to wo rk with their design professionals to incorporate low-impact design (LID) principles into the greenway. LID allow for more natural stormwater drainage patterns and promotes groundwater recharge. It help s to decrease the adverse effects of development upon our water resources. Common LID measures include permeable pavements, rain gardens, bio- filtration swales, etc. These measures may not be a ppropriate, however, in areas where underlying soils are polluted. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 14 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 10. Safety and Security Trail safety is a major concern of both trail users and those whose property is adjacent to a greenway trail. Emergency vehicles access to the NRG is paramoun t and the alignment and access point locations were planned with this in mind. The Town of Beacon Falls should plan for regular security patrols for the section of the trail within its jurisdiction and devel op an emergency response plan for police, fire and ambulance service. Creating a safe trail environment goes beyond design and law enforcement, however and should involve the entire community. The most eff ective and most visible deterrent to illegal activity on the NRG will be the presence of legitimate trail users . Getting as many “eyes on the trail” as possible is the most effective deterrent to undesirable acti vity. There are several components to accomplish this: Provide good access to the trail Access ranges from providing conveniently-located trailheads along the Greenway, to encouraging the development of sidewalks and bike facilities along pu blic roadways that connect to, or intersect, the NRG. Access points should be inviting and sign ed to welcome the public onto the trail. Good visibility from adjacent neighbors Neighbors adjacent to the trail can po tentially provide 24-hour surveillance of the trail and can become an ally to the municipalities’ police departments. Thou gh some screening and setback of the trail may be needed for privacy of adjacent neighbors, complete blocking out of the trail from neighborhood view should be discouraged. This eliminates the potential of neighbors’ “eyes on the trail,” and could result in a tunnel effect along the trail. High level of maintenance A well maintained trail sends a message that the co mmunity cares about the public space. This message alone will discourage undesirable activity along the trail. Programmed events Community events along any of the various segmen ts of the Naugatuck River Greenway will help increase public awareness and thereby attract more pe ople to use the trail. Various civic organizations can help organize public events along the trail which w ill increase support. Events might include a day-long trail cleanup or a series of short interpretive walks led by knowledgeable residents or a naturalist. These events could be coordinated with the Connecticut Fo rest and Park Trail Manager for the Blue-Blazed hiking trails that lie within the east block of the Naugatuck State Forest. Community projects The support generated for the NRG could be further ca pitalized by involving neighbors and friends of the trail in a community project. Ideas for community projects include volunteer planting events, art projects and interpretive research projects. These co mmunity projects create a sense of ownership along the greenway and serve as a strong single dete rrent to undesirable activity along the trail. Adopt-a-Trail Program Nearby businesses, community institutions and re sidential neighbors often see the benefit of their involvement in trail development and maintenance. Businesses and developers may view the trail as an integral piece of their site planning and may be willing to take on some level of responsibility for the trail as well. Creation of an adopt-a-trail program should be explored to capitalize on this opportunity and build civic pride in the greenway. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 15 11. Permitting Issues The construction of the regional greenway along the Na ugatuck River will require permits from various agencies. A brief description of each anticipated permit is provided below. It should be noted that each permit may not be required for each individual section of the greenway t rail. Municipal Inland Wetlands and Watercours es Permit for Regulated Activities Basis: Delegated authority from the State based on Connecticut General Statutes. Threshold: Any regulated activity within a State regulated wetland, or upland review area. Can also be required if the activity is in an upland area, drains to a regulated wetland area and/or is deemed to have a potential impact on the wetland. Process: Application must be made to th e Municipality and most include a Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Repo rting Form. At the first meeting after application is received, it is formally accep ted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues. If the proposed activity is deemed to be a potentially significant activity, then a Public Hearing must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. If the activity is found to have no significant impact, then the Commission may hold a public hearing, if it is found to be in the public good, or may render a decision without holding a hearing. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, depending on whether a Public Hearing is required. Application must be submitted prior to or concurrent with the Planning and Zoning Permit, if required. Municipal Planning and Zoning or Municipal Zoning Department Permit (S ite Plan Approval) Basis: Local authority granted under Connecticut General Statutes, but based on local bylaws and regulations. Threshold: Any significant earthwork or work requ iring a building permit. A Zoning permit may not be required for basic greenway trail projects. This should be discussed with each municipality’s Planning and Zoning staff once the corridor and proposed construction methods are sufficiently defined. Process: Application is made to the Municipali ty. At the first meeting after the application is received, it is formally accepted by the Commission. This begins the time periods as defined in the State Statues and local bylaws. Certain activities require a special permit which requires a public hearing and must be held before a decision can be made by the Commission. Also, the Commission cannot make a decision until the Inland Wetlands Commission has made a decision. Following the formal publication of the decision, there is a 15-day appeal period. Plans must normally be approximately 70% construction document level in order to contain sufficient information to gain approvals. Time Line: Normally takes three to six months, following submission, depending on whether a public hearing is required. The permit application cannot be submitted prior to the application for Inland Wetlands, although they can be submitted on the same day. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 16 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut FEMA Floodplain Development and Conditional Letter of Map Revision Basis: Federal law with some review authority delegated to the municipality. Threshold: Any earthwork or construction within a designated flood plain; work over , or in a designated floodway. Process: A floodplain permit is required before construction begins within any Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA), or any flood-prone area s if no SFHA has been defined. Permits are required to ensure that the proposed development project meets the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the community’s floodplain management ordinance. In Connecticut, this review is usua lly performed by the Planning and Zoning or Wetlands Commissions. Generally, passive recreation, such as bicycle and pedestrian trails, are allowed as permitted use in flood-prone areas. However, if the proposed construction affects the elevation or horizontal spread of flood waters, the applicant may need to apply for a Conditional Letter of Map Change (CLOMR). Application is made to FEMA with the concurrence of the municipality. The application must demonstrate that the water surface elevation will not increase by more than one foot (cumulatively with other developments) in the flood plain or by any amount in the regulatory floodway through use of hydraulic modeling software. It should be noted that some municipalities have floodplain-management regulation more restrictive than these requirements. Following construction, an application must be made for a Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) depicting actual “as-built” conditions and modeling demonstrating that the data presented in the application is valid. Time Line: Normally takes twelve to eighteen months for CLOMR. Connecticut Flood Manageme nt Certification (FMC) Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: All State of Connecticut actions in or affecting floodplains or natural or man-made storm drainage facilities, including projects undertak en by municipalities with funding provided by the State. Process: Application is made to the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). Upon receipt of a request for CT DEP approval of a state agency’s flood management certification, the application is a ssigned to a project manager and is reviewed for sufficiency. If the application is sufficient, a detailed technical review is initiated. These reviews consist of an evaluation of the technical documentation provided in the application as well as an independent a ssessment of the site and of the project’s consistency with the flood manage ment standards and criteria. Time Line: Normally processed within three months. If other CTDEP approvals are required, the FMC will be processed concurrently with the other applications. Stream Channel Encroachment Permit Basis: State regulation of specific stream cha nnels as defined by Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Any earthwork within the stream channel encroachment line. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 17 Process: Application is made to the CTDEP. App lication must include hydrologic analysis proving that activity does not negatively impact flood water or impede flow within the channel. Time Line: Normally takes six to twelve mo nths depending upon the nature of the proposed construction. Connecticut Department of Environmental Prot ection General Permit for the Discharge of Stormwater and Dewatering Wastewater from Construction Activities Basis: Connecticut General Statutes and CTDEP Regulations. Threshold: Compliance with the General Permit is required for all projects that disturb one or more acres of total land area. Projects with five or more total acres of disturbance, regardless of phase must also file a registration with th e CTDEP. Projects exceeding ten acres of total disturbance must obtain an approval of registration, including a detaile d review of the required Stormwater Pollution Control Plan. Process: Application is made to CTDEP. Time Line: Must be submitted at least sixty days prior to the start of construction. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) Permit Basis: Section 404 of the Clean Water Act Threshold: There are three categories of ACOE permits based on the total area of disturbance of federally regulated wetlands. The federal de finition of wetland is different from the Connecticut definition. Although the limits of both federal and state wetland tend to be the same, there are sometimes differences. ACOE jurisdiction is triggered by any fill-in, or secondary impact to, a federally regulated wetl and. If the ACOE has jurisdiction, then the category of permit is decided based on the to tal direct and secondary impacts to wetlands. Direct impacts include earthwork operations. Secondary impacts can include changes in drainage patterns or groundwater hydrology, cl earing/cutting of vegetation, or alteration of shade patterns. Category I General Permit (less than 5,000 square feet of disturbance) Category II Programmatic General Permit (PGP) ( 5,000 square feet to 1 acre of disturbance) Category III Individual Permit (one acre, or more, of disturbance) Process: For Category I, there is no application required. For Category II and II I permits, application is made to the ACOE. Review is conducted jointly by the ACOE and the CTDEP (see CT 401 Water Quality Permit). Additional review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and other federal agencies is conducted for Category II and III permits. Category II permits can be changed to Category III if requested by reviewing agencies based on potential impacts of the wetl ands or wildlife habitat. Time Line: Category II permits normally take six to nine months depending on complexity, quality/function of wetlands, and surrounding ha bitats. Category III can take one year or more. Category II and III permits cannot be gr anted until the CTDEP issues a 401 Water Quality Permit. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 18 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Connecticut Section 401 Water Quality Certification Basis: Federal authority, under the Clean Water s Act, delegated to the State of Connecticut. Threshold: Category II or III ACOE Perm it, or any State of Connecticut Project. Process: Application to the ACOE is jointly reviewed by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP). The CTDEP often requires additional information to be submitted which is not required by the ACOE. Time Line: Normally takes four to six months. Th is certification must be granted before the ACOE can issue a Category II or III permit. 12. Coordination with Other Studies Along with the Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Rout ing Study, other relevant studies have recently been completed or are occurring concurrently. In some cases, some of these studies have had an impact on the routing decisions for the NRG and recommendations from this Study have led to proposal alterations to the other studies. The other studies include:  The Route 8 Study is an active planning effort that is l ooking at ways to improve traffic flow and motorist safety at exits 22-30 along Route 8 in Seymour, Beacon Falls and Naugatuck. All design recommendations are being classified as near-, medium- or long-term improvements. From north to south, potential projects that are most rele vant for the Naugatuck River Greenway in Beacon Falls include: o Adding a left-turn pocket to the Depot Street br idge within the existing median along Old Route 8 in Beacon Falls. o Suggesting decommissioning traffic lanes al ong Route 42 in Beacon Falls, making the existing three- and four-lane state highway a two-lane road (with landscaped divider). This potential “road diet” recommendation provides space for a greenway connection along the east bank of the river from Pines Bridge up to South Main Street.  The Waterbury and New Canaan Br anch Lines Feasibility Study was a CTDOT managed study to investigate and recommend improvements for two branch lines of Metro-North commuter rail network. The Study’s recommendations may impact the routing of the greenway in two ways: o Passing sidings are recommended for Beacon Falls in the Naugatuck State Forest and adjacent to Toby’s Pond Recreational Park. A passing siding adjacent to Toby’s Pond may make it more difficult for connecting the greenway trail to the portion of the greenway proposed as part of the Route 42- Route 67 Connector Road. o Full signalization of the branch line to Waterbury is recommended. Signalization may require installation of cables, control boxers, and signal lights along the rail corridor, which could create obstacles for the rails with trails sections of the greenway trail.  The Connecticut Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Plan was updated by the Connecticut Department of Transportation in 2009. The effort includes a state-wide plan and detailed map that illustrates the state’s policies, ex isting facilities and future needs for safe and efficient travel by bike or by foot. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 19  The Route 42/67 Connector Road Study is a current study managed by the Valley Council of Governments in cooperation with COGCNV, Beacon Falls, Seymour and CTDOT that is investigating the feasibility of constructing a c onnector road between Route 42 in Beacon Falls to Route 67 in Seymour, west of the Naugatuck River. The connector road will provide access to land for development in both towns and w ill be paralleled by the Naugatuck River Greenway. This section of the NRG trail will be an important part of the mixed-used development envisioned for this corridor. The gr eenway would be designed as part of this connector road, if the project moves into a design phase. 13. Community Input The Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) hosted two pairs of public workshops for the Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study. A workshop was held in each of the four greenway study municipalities. The first public workshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while the next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston The second of the two pairs of public workshops were held on March 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of these meetings was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they would like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, the four community meetings, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a result. One attendee even sug gested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps were also posted on the project website. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the workshops, via e-mail and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of work shops in the Republican American and other town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. Subsequent to the community meetings, members of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail conn ections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River Elected officials from Naugatuck and Beacon Falls pose next to NRG analysis maps displayed at the November 2009 public meetings. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 20 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A final public meeting was held on September 14, 2010 at COGCNV’s offices in Waterbury. The completed draft study was presented to the Regional Planning Commission and members of the public in attendance. Members of the public and RPC commissions voiced support for the greenway study. One member of the public emphasized the importance of designing the greenway to not take away from the beauty of the Naugatuck River. 14. Opportunities and Challenges Part of the community and stakeholder meetings, field wo rk and analysis during the easy stages of this Study included the documentation and analysis of existing opportunities and challenges to the development of a greenway trail within the Naugatuc k River corridor in Beacon Falls. This analysis is shown in the diagrammatic map, Figure 3, on the following page. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 21 Figure 3: Opportunities and Challenges fo r Potential Greenway Route in Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 22 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 15. Recommended Greenway Routing See inset map on following page Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 23 Figure 4: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept in Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 24 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut The Naugatuck River Greenway in the Town of Beacon Falls will take various forms including a trail set immediately adjacent to existing road ways, soft-surface pathways adjacent to the river, “rail-with-trail” portions, and the long-term possibility of a catwalk- like trail bracketed against rock faces in the Naugatuck State Forest. The route will provide impor tant connections to public open spaces in Beacon Falls, including the State Forest, Veteran’s Park, and to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. Trail-side amenities will be provided along the route including small parking lots, picnic areas, small boat launches (canoes and kayaks), rest stops, water fountains, pub lic art, seating and interpretive signage and kiosks. The 4.3 miles of trail will enhance the quality of life fo r residents of Beacon Falls and attract new visitors. A half-mile portion of greenway along South Main Street from the Depot Street bridge to Route 42 has been funded. Greenway connections north through the Naugatuck State Forest to the Borough of Naugatuck and south to Seymour will also provide sa fe corridors for walking and biking and encourage more non-motorized trips in town. A. Recommended Greenway Trail Alignment The Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) trail within Beac on Falls begins at the northern endpoint of the Old Route 8 road bed. This spot at the end of Borgnis Road will include an enhanced trailhead with a handful of parking spaces, a kiosk with trail maps, dog-waste bag dispensers and possibly a port-o-potty or composting toilet. From there, the trail connects north to Naugatuck along a path that runs on the east side of the northbound exit 25 off- ramp from Route 8. The link south to Beacon Falls will incorporate the former road bed for approximately ¾ mile until it terminates near the edge of a steep cliff where a large concrete retaining wall was built when Route 8 was expanded into an expressway in the 1970s. Along the route, a trailhead will provide connections to the system of Blue-Blazed hiking trails in the east side of the Naugatuck State Forest. In the short term, a steep hiking trail connecting to Barton Road or possibly to the rear of the Laurel Ledge Elementary School may be the only east-side link from Naugatuck to Beacon Falls. On the west side of the river, shor t-term access between the two municipalities will be provided by an on-street bike route along Hunter’s Mountain Road in Na ugatuck, through the State Forest via Black Forest Road and connecting to Beacon Falls along High Rock Road. There is also a trail connection used primarily by equestrians that links the Chestnut Tree Hill Road area of the State Forest to the Larking State Park Trail to the north, via the Oxford Greens community. Preservation of this connection should be maintained and improved. Ultimately, a more convenient and ADA-accessible route is recommended to pass through the State Forest within the river corridor. Creating an ADA-accessible, multi-use trail through the Naugatuck State Forest will re quire careful planning and significant funds to complete. This mile and a half stretch of the NRG trail is likely to be the most complicated and The steep river valley, Route 8 and the railroad tracks (hidden at right) create a significant barrier for trail connectivity between Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. Section of the blue-blazed trail system within the Naugatuck State Forest. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 25 expensive along the entire 22-mile corridor from T homaston to Beacon Falls. This is due to the steep topography on both sides of the river, rocky slopes prone to landslides, and the presence of both Route 8 and the rail line along the narrow stretch of flat land adjacent to the river. The preferred trail alignment along the east side of the river will include catwalk-like sections, cantilevered paths and the cutting of shelves into steep slopes. A secondary option is to develop a dramatic—and potentially very expensive— bridge that spans Route 8, the river and the rail line. These two options are described in more detail in section B below. In the short-term, improvements to the existing trail system through the State Forests (signage, benches, minor regrading, etc.) could accommodate hiking and mountain bike connections. Both NRG trail options through the State Forest are intended to bring the trail to the downtown area of Beacon Falls. Currently, there is a short stretch of greenway that runs along the west sidewalk of North Main Street, connecting Volunteer Park behind the fire station with Veteran’s Park at the Depot Street corner. The unit pavers that comprise this special sidewalk work well for walkers and for ADA access but the overall dimension of this sidewalk is too narrow to accommodate adult cyclists. In the future, this section of sidewalk should either be widened or bike lanes added to the adjacent section of North Main Street. In either scenario, the center median of North Main may need to be narrowed or a travel lane removed to avoid the removal of on-street parking along the west edge of the road. The trail will continue south along the west edge of South Main Street within a corridor currently designed and funded and ready for construction in 2011. This stretch will feature a 10-12’ trail along what is currently two south-bound lanes of South Main. In this plan, one lane of south-bound and north-bound traffic will share the eastern half of the right of way. This funded portion of the trail exists only to the Route 42 intersection with South Main Street. From the Route 42/South Main intersection to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, there are multiple options to connect downriver to the large open space recently donated to the Town by O&G Industries. Each option maintains a continuous trail but does so within a very different context. The east option will run the trail within the Route 42 right of way from the endpoint of the funded greenway segment to the Pines Bridge. The west option (and sub-option) will incorporate the existing hi king trail on O&G property and extend it downriver to Toby’s Pond. In either option—described in more detail in section B below— a seamless connection to Toby’s Pond is anticipated. At Toby’s Pond, the NRG will be routed along the west side of the pond to the south end of the park. A narrower, non-ADA accessible spur trail will loop around the pond and connect back to the main entry area of the park where parking, a rest station (or port-o- potties) and boat launch will be located. Additionally, Route 42 south of Beacon Falls could feature the trail on either the east or west bank of the river. Autumn view of Toby’s Pond Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 26 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut from this location, on-street bike improvements and miscellaneous sidewalk enhancements will help to connect the greenway to the Woodland Regional High School . In the long term, the trail is anticipated to continue south to Seymour. To do so, a new bridge or tunnel will be needed to cross over or under the railroad tracks (used by the Metro-North Waterbury br anch line) from Toby’s Pond to access an existing corridor that is being considered for a connector road between Routes 42 and 67. In lieu of crossing the tracks with a potentially expensive bridge, another option to make the connection to Seymour is to use on-street improvements along Pines Bridge, Breault Road and the unpaved access road that continues south. B. Greenway Trail Alignment Options There are two challenging locations along the NRG alignment through Beacon Falls where multiple routing options have been studied. The first pair of options (the “North Options”) were developed to bridge the difficult gap within the heart of the Naug atuck State Forest. This section is complex due to the steep slopes along both sides of the river (including c liffs and man-made retaining walls), the presence of Route 8 on the east bank of the river and the active rail line on the west bank. The short term solution to bypass this gap is to improve walking/hiking access through the Blue-Bla zed trail system on the east side and to develop an on-street route for cyclists on the west side via Lewis Street, Hunters Mountain Road and Black Forest Road. It is recommended that a longer-term and more expensive connection be pursued for this nearly one-mile gap in orde r to create a continuous and fully accessible, multi-use trail from Thomaston to Beacon Falls. Of the two options studied, the east option is more favorable, but a western connection—via a long-span bridge—has significant merit as well (see Figure 4 on page 23: Recommended Greenway Routing Concept map for North East and North West option locations). In addition, a third option was considered but ultimately eliminated because of technical problems and the likely high cost. Called the “tunnel option”, it studied the potential widening of the existing culvert tunnel below Route 8, provided during the construction of the highway to provide fisherman access to the river from the Naugatuck State Forest. From the west edge of the tunnel, a bridge was then proposed to cross the river and the railroad tracks. North East Option The preferred North East Option will maintain a fully accessible, multi-use trail connection on the east side of the river, connecting directly into the downtown area that fronts North and South Main Streets. It will not require crossing Route 8 or the river because it will utilize portions of the Old Route 8 road bed. Accommodation of the NRG trail along this alignment will require crossing at least three sections of rock face, concrete retaining wall or loose rock. An engineered solution at relatively significant expense and required permitting will be necessary to bridge over these sections safely. Between these three sections, however, portions of the Old Route 8 road bed Two of the major obstacles on the east side of the river: the large retaining wall and the scree field immediately adjacent. Catwalk Trail in New Mexico ’s Gila National Forest Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 27 are extant and are likely in usable condition. From the north, the first difficult section is the la rge concrete retaining wall adjacent to the northbound lanes of Route 8, just south of the termination of the Old Route 8 road bed. The wall is approximately 200’ long and cannot be crossed from above because of its 120’+ height. The most appropriate method to get around the wall will be to build a catwalk-like trail section that is 8-10’ wide, running approximately 60’ above the grade of Route 8. Bracketed against the reta ining wall, the trail is likely to look similar to the “Catwalk Trail” through a canyon in New Mexico’s Gila National Forest. A few hundred feet south of the wall, the trail will cross a sloping scree field of loose rocks that will require a differently-engineered solution likely to involve deep pilings and tie backs. Between and adjacent to these two barriers are steep, but manageable, slopes that will require the developm ent of a “shelf” to accommodate the trail. A few hundred feet south, another cliff sits adjacent to Rou te 8 and it will be crossed with a catwalk-like trail bracketed to the rockface. Immediately past this cliff, the Old Route 8 road bed currently continues towards Beacon Falls and discontinues a few hundred feet short of the end of North Main Street. This trail connection will be made by incorporating the NRG (and accompanying security fence) within the Route 8 right of way, allowing the bypass of a re sidential property along Beacon Street. Along North Main Street, the sidewalk is relatively narrow and sp ace will need to be made for the trail. This could include the removal of a lane of traffic in either or both directions, striped on-street bikes lanes or the narrowing of the existing median that separates traffic on the two-way road. North West Option In lieu of the east-side connection, the Naugatuck State Forest gap will be closed in this option by the development of a long-span bridge that springs from the end of the existing Old Route 8 road bed, across Route 8, the Naugatuck River, and rail line and will connect to a small landing on the west bank sitting approximately 30’ above the grade of the rail line below (see Figure 5 and 6 at right and on the next page). The bridge has the potential to be a spectacular gateway into the Central Naugatuck River Valley and feature spectacular views. It could provide not just a continuous greenway link but help create access from one side of the State Forest to the other, linking the Blue-Blazed hiking trail sys tem. From the landing on the west side, a shelf will be carved into the steeply-sloped area (including some cliff sections) gr adually ramp down to the east end of Black Forest Road, a public right of way in the State Forest. (This shelf would be built adjacent to an active rail corridor so careful planning will be needed to minimize disruption to rail service and provide a safe environment for construction workers and future NR G trail users.) At this spot, existing interpretive signs and a parking area will serve the trail. Within this vicinity, a port-o-potty or composting toilet should be considered as well. A new bridge over the brook and a series of public roads (High Rock Road on state forest land, Cold Spring Road, Lopus Road and the Depot Street brid ge) will make the connection back into downtown Beacon Falls. Opportunities for greenway trail enhancem ents such as a new sidewalk or bike lanes are Figure 5: Cross-sectional view of the Naugatuck River Valley illustrating the large span bridge featured in the West Option. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 28 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut limited along this route due to narrow rights-of-way. Traffic is light h owever, and the sharing of the roadway is certainly possible, but will not accommodate ADA requirements. Figure 6: Existing and photo-simulation view of the west end of the long-span bridge over Route 8, the river and the railroad line. The structural piers are configured to accommodate a second track in the future. Near the south end of th e alignment through Beacon Falls, th ere are two options for connectivity between the downtown area and Toby’s Pond and R ecreational Park (called “South Options”). One runs along the east side of the river and the other on th e west. The South West Option additionally includes a sub-option within the corridor (see Figure 4: Re commended Greenway Routing Concept map for South East and South West option locations). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 29 South East Option The South East Option maintains the NRG trail within CTDOT’s Route 42 right of way. This stretch of Route 42 is a remnant of Old Route 8 and has no curb cuts or intersections making it an ideal location for a greenway trail. Currently, there are two south- bound travel lanes from the Bethany Road/South Main intersection that narrow to one travel lane upon the approach to the exit 23 off ramp from north-bound Route 8. This option proposes that a single- lane configuration southbound be considered for the entire stretch from Bethany Road to the Route 8 overpass to accommodate the trail. (This w ill, of course, require further traffic analysis and discussion with CTDOT to explore its feasibility.) From the overpass to Pines Bridge, the trail will use the shoulder—potentially accompanied by a narrowed median–of the north/west side of Route 42 passing a small residential n eighborhood between Route 8 and the river. Here, a short spur trail will connect th e NRG trail to Riverbend Park, maintained by Trout Unlimited. To cross the river at Pines Bridge, a paralle l trail bridge is recommended to sit adjacent to the existing span on the north side. There are old bridge abutments in this location and their feasibility for use in the new bridge will need to be explored. South West Option The South West Option takes advantage of an existing, publicly- accessible trail network on O&G property behind the Murtha Industrial Park on the west bank of the Naugatuck River. The trail will need to be regraded with a stone-dust surface and widened to 8’ to accommodate cyclists and ADA access but maintains its wooded, natural character. To reach the trailhead on the north end, a new bridge will span the river and connect the O&G trail to the end of the previously approved and funded section of greenway along South Main Street. At the south en d of the O&G trail, there are two options to link it with the north end of Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, both of which run through O&G’s wash plant. South West Option A will maintain a multi-use trail along the river, passing under the Route 8 overpass and along the south side of the wash plant. Option B will continue the NRG trail under Route 8 via the private extension of Railroad Avenue that parallels the Metro- North railroad along the west side of the wash plant. This route is still used occasionally by O&G trucks and space is limited due to the nearby active rail line, so sharing of the corridor will be required. At the southern edge of the wash plant facility, the tw o sub-options will come together and continue south to Toby’s Pond. This quarter-mile segment is within th e rail corridor but is a broad dirt road that is used by O&G to access Toby’s Pond. The existing dirt road can accommodate a greenway trail/O&G vehicle corridor along with the 25’ buffer fr om the tracks required by CTDOT (s ee Figure 7 on following page). In the South West Option, the O&G is re-graded and widened to 8’. View of Pines Bridge fr om Toby’s Pond with a new parallel trail bridge likely to cross to the north of the existing span (at far left). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 30 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Figure 7: Existing and photo-simulation view of the rail co rridor adjacent to Lopus Road (at left) between the O&G wash plant (background) and Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. C. Greenway Trail Characteristics The primary goal of the NRG is to provide a continuous pathway through Beacon Falls that is accessible to pedestrians, cyclists and, where possible, people using wheelchairs or other accessibility devices. In limited area, access to equestrians is anticipated as well. The dawn-to-dusk pathway will be designed for use as both a transportation corridor (commuting, errands, etc.) and for recreational purposes. Ideally, the trail will be separated from nearby roadways by a five to ten foot landscaped buffer or, at a minimum, a crash barrier set within a three-foot-wide grassy s houlder. This Study recommends the accommodation of Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 31 all of these uses for the maximum length of the tra il as practicable. Some discrete locations may not accommodate ADA requirements and bicycles, at least for the short term. Ultimately, these narrow pinch points and other spots requiring significant engineerin g solutions should be designed to accommodate all users safely and comfortably. Throug h the Naugatuck State Forest, a “single track” hiking trail (part of the Blue-Blazed system) for hiking, mountain biking an d/or equestrian use is the best available option in the short term. Water trail or ‘blueway’ options are also an important consideration so the Naugatuck River can be accessed by canoe and kayak. Currently, there are two existing paddlecraft boat launches and take-out areas in town, one at Riverbed Park and the other at Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. Within Beacon Falls, most of the greenway is intended to be a ten foot wide, shared-use asphalt path, with eight foot widths in constrained areas. Two-foot wide soft-surface shoulders (stone dust or packed gravel) will be included with a white shoulder line set eight to twelve inches from the edge of the asphalt. This trail configuration is appropriate for the majority of the greenway through the Town. If conditions permit, a four-t o-six foot, soft-surface shoulder should be considered on one side of the trail to facilitate equestrians and runners looking for a more comfortable surface. Locations very close to the river or wetland areas can be a permeable or semi-permeable surface (stone dust or packed aggregate with a binding agent) to reduce storm-water runoff and make for a more “natural” appearance. In Beacon Falls, this condition may occur in portions of the trail on O&G property south of the downtown area. Along portions of North Main Street, the NRG will incorporate the unit-paver sidewalk along the west side of the street. The design of th e trail through sections adjacent to the unit-paver sidewalk should incorporate this design detail so that it’s a consistent feature through the entire downtown area. An option is to replace the unit pavers with a surface that is more consistent with other stretches of the NRG trail. D. Access Points and Amenities The NRG trail includes a number of parking areas and trailheads to provide access to the transportation and recreational corridor. Some existing public park ing areas will serve as access points for the NRG, including the commuter park-and-ride lot on Cross St reet in Naugatuck, the parking area at High Rock Grove in the Naugatuck State Forest, and at Volun teer Park. Other parking areas are not paved and/or ADA accessible and will need to be improved su ch as the O&G trailhead off Railroad Avenue and Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park, whose parking lo t experiences flooding during the spring months. Because of this, rebuilding the latter parking lot at a slightly higher grade and with a fully permeable surface should be considered. All parking lots include trailheads and/or kiosks that feature maps, dog- waste bag dispensers, safety information and environmental and historica l interpretive materials. To discourage trail use by ATVs and other motorized ve hicles, signs and bollards will be needed at all trailheads as well. Some parking lots are located near existing small boat launches so people can park and carry their canoes and kayaks a short distance to the river. These locations may also work well for fishing access. The permeable portion of the NRG in Beacon Falls could look like this trail in Keene , New Ham pshire Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 32 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Other trail-related amenities will be determined on a case-by-case basis and could include: Rest Stations Rest stations that include bathrooms, water fountain s and lighting are important amenities that provide a more comfortable environment for greenway users, especially those with young children. A rest station is proposed at Toby’s Pond and a composting toilet is recommended at the High Rock parking area in the Naugatuck State Forest. Interpretive Installations Interpretive installations and signs enhance the tr ail experience by providing information about the history of the community. Installations can also disc uss local ecology, environmental concerns, and other educational information. Public health can be integ rated with ‘calorie counter’ maps that encourage physical activity along the trail. Recently, interpretive signs have been installed with COGCNV’s assistance at High Rock Grove in the Naugatuck State Forest, and at Volunteer and Veteran’s Parks downtown. Pedestrian-scale Lighting . Pedestrian-scale lighting improves safety at key lo cations along the NRG route and at trailheads. In Beacon Falls, the stretch of trail along North and South Main should be well lit, especially the Depot Street intersection. Additionally, designated parking areas, rest stations and trailheads should have a modest level of lighting for safety reasons. Lighting fixtures should be consistent with other design elements, possibly emulating a historic or cultural theme. Seating Providing benches and seating at key rest areas and viewpoints encourages people of all ages to use the trail by ensuring that they have a place to rest along the way. Benches can be simple (e.g., wood timbers) or more ornate (e.g., stone, wrought ir on, concrete, or Adirondack chairs). Maps and Signage A comprehensive signing system that is consistent along the entire length of the Naugatuck River Greenway will make the trail network much easier to use. Informational kiosks with maps at trailheads and other key destinations will provide enough information for someone to use the trail system with little introduction – perfect for bike commuters, tourists and local residents alike. Public Art Local artists can be commissioned to provide art for the trail system, making the trail unique to its community. Many trail art installations are functional as well as aesthetic, as they may serve as mile markers and places to sit and play. Public art insta llations along the greenway should be consistent with a design theme, based on the surrounding context. In Beacon Falls, public art should be considered at key locations along the NRG, such as where the trail en ters/exits the downtown area along North and South Main Streets and the entrance to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 33 16. Use of Rail Corridor Throughout discrete portions of the 22-mile Naugat uck River Greenway (NRG), the recommended trail route runs within the state-owned, active rail corridor. In Beacon Falls, the railroad corridor carries the Waterbury branch of the Metro-North Commuter Railr oad and occasional freight trains. The NRG trail in Beacon Falls will run within the ra il corridor for less than a half mile from the Murtha Industrial Park at the end of Railroad Avenue to Toby’s Pond and Recreational Park (see Figure 8 below). Figure 8: Rail with Trail Alignment Diagram in Beacon Falls. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 34 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Because of the use patterns of the rail line, the NRG’s alignment will need to be carefully designed so as not to disrupt train service. Early on in the planning process, members of the project team met with rail operations officials from the Connecticut Departme nt of Transportation (CTDOT) in New Haven to better understand their needs for the corridor. Accord ing to CTDOT, the agency is open to considering having a greenway trail as long as operations are no t disrupted and the following conditions are met:  A 25 foot setback/buffer from the centerline of the tracks to the edge of the trail to accommodate future double tracking, rail spurs and/or electrification towers (it is important to note, however, that CTDOT’s Waterbury/New Canaan Branch Lines Study does not recommend double tracking or electrification because of high costs and limited benefits).  Unencumbered access for service and emergency vehicles.  A security fence with intermittent gates for maintenance access.  A future greenway trail construction schedule that is coordinated with Metro-North’s summer maintenance schedule when Waterbury Branch rail service is suspended and replaced with buses.  Any maintenance of the railroad corridor should be coordinated with futu re greenway construction for maximum efficiency of time and funding. Many of these conditions are consistent with research conducted for the U.S. DOT’s Rail-with-Trails: Lessons Learned document by Alta Planning + Design (see: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ environment/rectrails/rwt/toc.htm). This document showed that well-designed rail-with- trail projects typically meet the operational needs of railroads. In some locations, the setback/buffer can be as low as 10 feet in constrained areas within rail corridors that have a low frequency and low-speed train service. Regardless of setback distance, the recommended NRG rail-with-trail portion between the O&G Wash Plant facility and Toby’s Pond may not fit neatly on to the existing rail bed used by maintenance vehicles. Achieving the 25 foot setback may require the cutting of adjacent trees, re-grading of a portion of the bed and potentially building small retaining walls to accommodate the additional width. In extreme pinch points, the bare minimum setback will need to be at least 12 feet to accommodate maintenance vehicles and other machinery. It is also important to recognize, according to the U.S. DOT’s report, that the rail-with-trail portions of the greenway can provide benefits to the rail-corridor owner and operator. This includes providing them with a new, well-maintained service corridor adjacent to the tracks (in the form of a greenway trail), and a reduction of illegal track crossings, trespassing and du mping. In addition, towns and cities have seen benefits with increased adjacent property values and enhanced access to the rail corridor by law enforcement and emergency vehicles. Greenway trail in Portland, Oregon whose edge runs within 10-15 feet of the centerline of the adjacent active rail line. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 35 17. Recommended Trail Section Limits Two separate, but related, questions must be answer ed in order to develop a recommended sequence of greenway construction. What are the limits of each individual construction phase? What is the best sequence in which to complete these sections? Secti on limits were determined with an eye toward the following characteristics:  Connectivity – Individual phases should be useful as stand-alone projects and connect to existing public rights-of-way adjacent to residential neighborhoods or an employment area.  Funding Availability – The complete greenway program should be broken into reasonably-sized projects likely to attract funding.  Logical Termini – Since several years may pass between the completion of one section and the beginning of the next, each section should have a logical terminus, such as at an existing public road or park.  Momentum Building – Greenway sections likely to generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm in the community should be built first.  Consistency of Character – Areas in which the character remains consistent from one end to the other. Using these criteria as a guide, recommended section limits for the Naugatuck River Greenway in Beacon Falls were created and shown in Figure 9. Section Description Length (miles) BF ‐1   Naugatuck Line  to  north  end  of N.  Main  Street  1.8  BF‐2   North  end  of N.  Main  Street  to  Toby’s  Pond   1.8  BF‐3   Toby’s Pond  to  Seymour  Line   0.7    TOTAL  LENGTH    4.3  Figure 9: Beacon Falls Greenway Sections Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 36 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 18. Trail Section Prioritization Whenever possible, greenway facilities should be developed as single construction projects or use as few phases as possible. This allows project proponents— elected officials, business interests, community groups, etc.—to realize significant cost savings by pe rforming the design, permitting and construction administration more efficiently. However, it is qui te likely that financial constraints will require the various sections of the Naugatuck River Greenway to be completed in several phases. For Beacon Falls, a recommended phasing plan was created by weighing seve n criteria (relative weighting of each criterion shown in parentheses) with the prioritiza tion matrix shown in Table 1 at bottom: 1. Connectivity (25%) – Does the phase connect to ex isting or funded portions of the greenway, destinations, or amenities? 2. Permitting Requirements (15%) – W ill the phase be easy to permit? 3. Construction Cost (10%) – Will the pha se be economical to construct? 4. Ease of Construction (10%) – Will the phase cr eate fewer disturbances to the community? 5. Private Property Impacts (15%) – Does the phase avoid private property or adversely impacting adjacent property owners? 6. Momentum Building (15%) – Will the phase gene rate excitement and enthusiasm within the community for the overall greenway? 7. Cultural Benefits (10%) – Are there natural, historical, environmental, recreational, or educational resources that will be accessed or protected by the phase? Criteria% of Evaluation Scoring BF-1 BF-2 BF-3 Connectivity Prioritize phases that will build the greatest connectivity 25%Connects to at least two existing or funded greenway facilities: 2 5 Connects to one existing or funded greenway facility or downtown area: 10-15 Long-term link needed to build regional network: 010 15 0 Permitting Requirements Favor phases that involve fewer regulatory hurdles 15n be constructed with only Local Approval: 15 Requires only “General Permits” at the state or federal level: 5-10 Extensive individual state and federal permits required: 0 51010 Construction Cost Prefer phases with a lower cost per linear foot of completed trail 10%Per Linear Foot cost less than $150: 10 Per Linear Foot cost is between $150 and $250: 5 Per Linear Foot cost exceeds $250: 0 05 5 Ease of Construction Select phases with less disturbance to local community over more invasive projects 10n be built with little or no inconvenience to the community: 10 Construction will create only minor inconvenience: 5 Construction will entail significant inconvenience or temporary closure of road/rails: 0 0510 Property Impacts Favor projects that require fewer Rights-of-Way on private property 15%Phase entails no impacts to private landowners: 15 Phase requires easements or acquisition across 1-3 private properties: 5-10 Phase requires easements or acquisition across >3 private properties: 015 10 10 Momentum Building Prioritize phases that will generate the greatest excitement and enthusiasm within the community 15%Completion is likely to create significant enthusiasm within the community: 15 Completion is likely to create some enthusiasm within the community: 5-10 Phase serves will serve most users only after adjacent connections are made: 015 15 0 Cultural Benefits Select phases that provide greater access to natural, historical, recreational, archeological or educational resources 10% This section contains significant cultural resources: 10 This section contains some cultural resources: 5 This section contains few cultural resources: 0 510 0 Total Score 100% 50 70 35 Table 1: Beacon Falls Trail Section Prioritization Matrix. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 37 19. Cost Estimate Right-of-Way Acquisition Costs Payments to owners for the easements and parcels required to construct the greenway vary widely depending up existing land use, size and utility of th e portion of a parcel acquired, development potential of the area, and a host of other factors. Based u pon recent greenway projects within Connecticut, these costs may range between $40,000 and $100,000 per pa rcel. In addition to the payments to property owners, the services of a licensed surveyor will be n eeded during the ROW process. The survey firm will perform boundary surveys and prepare easement maps that must be recorded in the town’s land records. These services typically cost $3,000 to $5,000 per ea sement. Note: this range assumes that easement maps are prepared after sur vey base maps of the proposed corridor are developed. Finally, legal services will be needed to perform the property transactions. A relative ly simple easement transaction will typically cost on the order of $1,500 per transaction if performed by outside counsel. Engineering Costs Engineering costs cover a variety of professional services, including:  Survey (including preparation of ea sement maps as described above)  Preliminary, Semi-Final and Final Design  Public Participation  Permitting (Local, State and Federal as required)  Preparation of Construction Documents  Bid Assistance  Construction Observation and Contract Administration Based upon similar project experience and the proposed greenway features, the engineering costs for the greenway are expected to be in the range of 8-12 % of the estimated construction cost. However, the actual cost of these services will vary widely depe nding on project phasing. To a large extent, the cost of permitting, preparing bid documents and administering the construction for a single phase is the same as the cost for the entire project. Similarly, survey and de sign are more cost effective if done at one time. For this reason, significant cost savings can be rea lized by developing the greenway as a single project. Construction Costs Preliminary estimates of construction costs ba sed upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this report. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g., replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines, dated January 2010. In keeping with CTDOT’s co st estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 38 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut and protection of traffic (4%), minor items (25%) and incidentals (21%)). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit prices were made to reflect current market conditions and the con sultant team’s experience with other greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemen ted where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre- fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Since these preliminary estimates are based on a planning -level understanding of trail components, rather than a detailed design, they should be considered “order of magnitude” estimates. ASTM Standard E2620 defines order of magnitude as being accurate to within plus 50% or minus 30% of actual cost. This broad range of potential costs is appropriate given the level of uncertainty in the design at this point in the process. Many factors can affect final construction costs, including:  Revisions to the design as required by local, state and federal permitting agencies  Additional requirements imposed by property owners as a condition of granting property rights (e.g., fencing, vegetated buffers, etc.)  Fluctuations in commodity prices during the design and permitting proces ses  Selected construction materials  Type and quantity of amenities (e.g., benches, lighting, bike racks, etc.)  Extent of landscaping desired As the project progresses through preliminary, semi-final, and final design phases, these uncertainties will begin to diminish. With each round of refinement, the range of expected construction costs will become more accurately known. 20. Community Phasing Plans The following table provides a description of phase limits, phase lengths, recommended construction priority, and estimated cost for each of the greenway trail phases in Be acon Falls. (The detailed cost estimation tables and location map are provided in Appendix C.) The table and appendix are also broken down into “Primary” and “Secondary” portions, i.e. tr ail elements that are necessary for the completion of the primary portion of the NRG trail vs. secondar y elements such as spurs, loops and streetscape improvements that are not integral to the full co mpletion of the trail within the town limits.   Section Description Length (miles) Phase Total Cost BF‐1   Naugatuck Line  to  north  end  of N.  Main  Street  1.8  2  $2,744,000 BF‐2   North  end  of N.  Main  Street  to  Toby’s  Pond   1.8  1  $1,357,000 BF‐3   Toby’s Pond  to  Seymour  Line   0.7   3  $681,000    Total Construction  Cost  ‐ Primary  4.3   $4,782,000   Total Construction  Cost  –  Secondary*       $910,000 * These  secondary  items  are  highlighted  on  the  trail  segment  cost  estimate  table  on  the  second  page  of  Appendix  C.    Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 39 21. Greenway Zoning Greenway/River Overlay Zoning A greenway/river overlay zone is a land use regulati on established by a municipality for the purpose of protecting a linear corridor for recreational and conservation purposes. These zones have also demonstrated ancillary benefits such as spurring economic development, facilitating redevelopment of underutilized parcels, improving flood management an d water quality and preserving critical habitats. When incorporated into municipal zoning regulations, overlay zones modify the underlying zone’s bulk standards and uses. This tool ca n be used to encourage or dissuade various development scenarios. Relevant to greenway development, overlay zones may be used to:  Alter setback requirements.  Provide incentives in the form of higher developm ent density in exchange for public access to a greenway or river corridor.  Provide incentives for granting easements or providing related amenities for the greenway  Stipulate landscaping requirements.  Require construction of greenway segments as a condition of site development. Excellent examples of the greenway overlay zoning that have served as model ordinances for communities across the nation include:  Portland, OR – http://www.portlandonline.com/bds/index.cfm?a=53351 (Chapter 33.440 of the Portland Zoning Regulations)  Davidson, NC – http://www.ci.davidson.nc.us/DocumentView.aspx?DID=1304 (Section 11 of the Town of Davidson Planning Ordinance) Riparian Habitat Zones A riparian habitat ordinance is narrowly focused on protecting the unique habitat present along stream channels and wetland areas. Unlike the Greenway and River Overlay zones described above, a riparian habitat zone does not contain sp ecific requirements for public acce ss or accommodation of a greenway and can be used in areas adjacent to the NRG or along tributaries of the Naugatuck River. Elements of effective riparian habitat ordinances include:  Defines a protected buffer.  Requires a written plan for the protection of the resource.  Requires approval of mitigation measures as a condition of project approval. An example riparian habitat ordinance from Napa, California can be found at the National Center for Appropriate Technology’s (NCAT) Smart Communities Network website: www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/codes/napaord.shtml . This site is a clearinghouse for sustainable development and energy conservation ideas. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 40 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Complete Streets Complete streets are designed and operated to enable safe access for all users. 1 The State of Connecticut enacted Public Act 09-154 in June of 2009, “An Act Improving Bicycle and Pedestrian Access”. This law requires transportation planners to accommodate all use rs as “a routine part of the planning, design construction and operating activities of all highways…” This change in focus from car-centric to user- centric planning helps create safer, healthier, gr eener and more livable communities. The law also mandates that at least 1% of highway funding be spent on pedestrian and bicycle facilitates. Many municipalities are choosing to formalize their commitment to include all users in the transportation planning process by adopting Complete Streets ordinances. Whereas the overlay zoning regulations described above focus on protecting undeveloped or underdeveloped corridors, Complete Streets ordinances focus on improving facilities within public rights-of-way. Several excellent examples of successful municipal ordinances can be found at http://www.completestreets.org/webdocs/policy/cs-chart-samplepolicy.pdf 22. Funding Sources Generally, greenways are funded through a combination of local, state, and federal sources. Many funding programs require a minimum local match (e.g., 80 % federal funds, 20% local). In some instances communities have successfully leveraged grant money from private foundations or state programs as a match for other funding sources. Land donations or town public works cre w’s labor may be counted as local match under some funding programs. Community leaders and elected officials from Beacon Falls should pursue a variety of funding sources for land acquisition and greenway constr uction. Reliance on a single funding source can lead to a boom/bust cycle of construction as funding levels shift with the political winds. The following list gives an overview of the major funding programs: Municipal Bonds Municipalities have access to the commercial financia l markets via bonds. Use of this funding mechanism is dependent upon strong community support in order to pass the required bond referendum. This is frequently used to obtain the required loca l match for state and federal funding program. 1 National Complete Streets Coalition, “Complete Streets FAQ.” 2009.http://www.completestreets.org/complete-streets- fundamentals/complete-streets -faq/ (accessed May 19, 2010). An ideal complete streets policy  Includes a vision for the comm unity’s complete streets.  Defines ‘all users.’  Encourages street conne ctivity for all modes.  Is adoptable by all agencies to cover all roads.  Applies to both new and retrofit projects.  Makes exceptions specific and re quires approval of exceptions.  Directs the use of the latest and best design standards.  Complements the context of the community.  Establishes performance standard s with measurable outcomes.  Includes specific next steps for implementation of the policy. Adopted from National Complete Streets Coalition Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 41 Greenway Trust Fund A strategy used by some communities is the creati on of a trust fund for land acquisition and facility operation. These are typically administered by a n on-profit group or by a local greenway commission. These trusts can perform a variety of functions such as property acquisition, fund raising, volunteer organization, community outreach and advocacy. Money may be contributed to the trust fund from a variety of sources, including the municipal general funds, e.g., private grants and gifts. Adopt-A-Trail Programs These programs are often administered by a local greenway commission and used to fund new construction, renovation, trail brochures, informati onal kiosks, and other amenities. These programs can also be extended to include sponsorship of trail segments for housekeeping needs. Federal Transportation Bill The Congress appropriates funding for federal tran sportation projects every 5 years. The federal transportation bill has been the primary source for greenways construction money in recent years. Various funding programs within the legislation relate to greenway devel opment, including the High Priority Projects (commonly referred to as “earmarks”), Recreational Trails, and Safe Routes to Schools programs. These funds are administered throug h the Connecticut DOT and the Connecticut DEP. The current iteration of the federal Transportation Bill, the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) expired on September 30, 2009. Funding has been continued by continuing resoluti ons until the next federal transportation bill is approved. The next transportation bill is currently being developed by Congress. This presents an opportunity for municipalities to discuss greenway fund ing under the High Priority Projects program with their representatives in Congress. Recreational Trails Program These annual grants are available to government and non-profit agencies, for amounts ranging from $5,000 to $50,000 or more, for the building of trails . It is a reimbursement grant program (sponsor must fund 100% of the project up front) and requires a 20 % local match. These grants are authorized by the SAFETEA-LU (reauthorization in progress, see abov e), and in Connecticut they are administered by the Department of Environmental Protection. Design Arts Program The National Endowment for the Arts provides gran ts to states and local agencies, individuals and nonprofit organizations for projects that incorpora te urban design, historic preservation, planning, architecture, landscape architecture and other community improvement activities, including greenway development. Grants to organizations and agencies must be matched by a 50-percent local contribution. Agencies can receive up to $50,000. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 42 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 23. Next Steps The Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study is just the first step in the development of the Naugatuck River Greenway (NRG) in Beacon Falls. The NRG will be a long-term, multi-phase project led by all of the municipalities in the corridor, in cooperation with state and federal agencies. It will require the continued involvement of members of the public, elected officials at all levels of government and community groups in order to support and guide the implementation effort. The following ‘next steps’ are recommended in order to move the effort forward in a sustainable fashion:  Adopt the Study: The City of Waterbury has recently adopted its plan for the portion of the NRG that runs through the city. Beacon Falls could do the same and amend their Plan of Conservation and Development to incorporate th e greenway alignment. The Town could also pursue endorsement of the Study by their Conservation Commission, Planning and Zoning Commission, and Economic Development Commission.  Create the Right-of-Way : This will ensure that the proposed alignment for the trail is gradually assembled and made available for public access. This can be accomplished by using: o New zoning regulations to ensure that the greenway is accommodated into redevelopment proposals along the alignmen t (see Greenway Zoning section of the report for more detail). A greenway overlay dist rict, in particular, can be an effective tool for Beacon Falls to require that trail facilities are integrated into redevelopment projects. A greenway district could also sh ape the quality of the development by ensuring that only uses compatible to the gr eenway can be located along side of it. o Solicitations of easement or outright owne rship should also be considered when key privately-owned parcels are on the market. o Begin negotiations with public agencies to ensure that all necessary approvals and permits are completed in order to create an easement across public lands. This can be a lengthy process, especially in areas of environmental sensitivity or at brownfield sites. Due to the recommended changes in the Naugatuck State Forest, Connecticut DEP, in particular, will be a major stakehol der in the next round of design. Stretches of the NRG that permit access to equestrians will need to be considered by the Town as well. o Begin negotiations with O&G Industries on greenway-related design recommendations that affect their property. This includes improvements to the existing publicly-accessible parking lot off of Railroad Avenue, widening the existing hiking trail and shared use of the unpaved accessway adjacent to the railroad tracks that connects the wash plant facility to Toby’s Pond.  Find Project “Champions” to Raise Awareness and Money : The Town should identify an individual, commission or committee to oversee subsequent steps in th e design, funding and implementation process for the greenway. (The involvement of the local business community and/or Chamber of Commerce will be cr itical as well.) This will ensure continuity of effort even as elected officials or Mayoral administrations change. F undraising, in particular, is an important component that should begin immediately. Available funding opportunities including: federal transportation funds, regional TIP funding (via COGCNV), economic stimulus grants, national recreational tr ails grants, and state open space grants should be pursued on an annual basis to ensure success (see Funding Sources section of the report for more detail). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 43  Establish a Public-Private-Non-Profit Partnership: Establishment of a “Friends of the NRG” non-profit organization can be an effecti ve advocate for the project. In conjunction with the project “Champion”, this non-profit or ganization can coordinate volunteers, develop an ‘adopt-a-mile’ program and raise funds thro ugh the sale of trail elements including benches, bridges, trailheads, public art, bike racks and trees.  Find “Early Win” Projects: Support for continued action at the local level will grow out of small successes that move the project or in dividual pieces of the project forward. Neighborhood cleanups and ‘adoption’ of futu re trail sections can help build long-term support. Frequent ribbon cuttings, festivals and events create long- term visibility for the project. Development of maps and other NRG pr omotional material will help to publicize the future trail and build excitement. Celebrating every opportunity, no matter how small, can be just as important as a major ribbon cutting for th e finished project. Some early win projects in Beacon Falls include: o Improving parking, signage, maps and acce ss to the Old Route 8 trailhead from Cross Street in Naugatuck will encourage additional use of the Blue-Blazed trail system in the State Forest and open up the possibilitie s of the full NRG through Beacon Falls in some people’s minds. o Improving parking, signage, maps and access to the O&G trailhead will encourage greater use of the existing hiking trail that remains a hidden treasure to many residents. Like the Old Route 8 access im provements, this will also open up the possibilities of the full NRG through Beac on Falls in some people’s minds. Minor improvements and signage along Railroad Av enue will permit walkers to complete a loop. Wayfinding signs at the Depot Str eet Bridge and along Railroad Avenue will encourage people to walk from downtown to the O&G trail.  Negotiate with CTDOT: Town officials and future design consultants will need to work closely with the Connecticut Department of Transportation to: o Ensure that the needs of the railroad corri dor and commuter-rail service are met. In particular, coordination with CTDOT on the federally-mandated Positive T rain Control (PTC) Plan will be necessary to en sure that the PTC Plan does not preclude the greenway’s routing and incorporates the trail’s recommended al ignment. o Coordinate with the Highway Division on the use of state highway rights of way. The NRG alignment utilizes a portion of the northbound shoulder of Route 8 f or a short segment just north of the end of North Main Street and CTDOT will need assurance that greenway users will be prevented fr om accessing the highway. Additionally, coordination may be required in the even t that the proposed greenway option along the west shoulder of Route 42 and across the Pines Bridge is utilized. With these actions moving forward, the Naugatuck River Greenway will be a significant asset for the Beacon Falls’ residents, businesses and visitors. Th e trail will enhance non-motorized transportation opportunities and bring a recreational amenity that rivals any within the state of Connecticut. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 44 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Appendices Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 45 Appendix A – Community Input Detailed A key component of the Council of Governments of the Central Naugatuck Valley (COGCNV) and the consultant team’s efforts was community involvement and seeking input on the identification of a feasible greenway routing. After a number of years of ina ctivity, the Regional Naugatuck Ri ver Greenway Committee (RNRGC) was reconvened to help steer routing study. Representa tives on RNRGC included officials from Thomaston, Watertown, Waterbury, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls as well as representatives from state and federal agencies, such as Connecticut DOT and DEP, National Parks Service and the Army Corps of Engineers. Staff members of two U.S. Representatives that re present the Naugatuck River Valley were also on the committee. The committee m et every six to eight weeks and all m eetings were open to the public. The RNRGC played an important role in guiding the direction of the routing study and in keeping municipalities, government agencies and U.S. Representatives informed about study progress. Supplementing the RNRGC input was a series of pub lic workshops. One workshop was held in each of the four study communities. The first two public wo rkshops were held on November 17 and 18, 2009 in Naugatuck and Thomaston, respectively. The purpose of the first set of workshops was to gather input from all four communities to assist in determining opportunities and challenges along the corridor and potential routing options for the greenway trail. The meeting on the 17th was focused on the issues and routing in both Naugatuck and Beacon Falls, while th e next night, discussion focused on the issues and routing in Watertown and Thomaston. The second two public workshops were held on Marc h 23 and 24, 2010 in Beacon Falls and Watertown, respectively. The purpose of the meeting was to gather input from the four communities on the proposed preliminary routing as well as areas where they woul d like to see additional amenities along the Naugatuck River Greenway. Overall, these four community workshops, combined with other stakeholder meetings and site walks, provided COGCNV and the consultant team with valuable input on routing recommendations, design options and property-ownership issues. The team also learned of the important local connections to adjacent neighborhoods and commercial areas outside of the corridor. Additional trail spurs and other connections were added to the recommendations as a re sult. One attendee even suggested the clever idea of using the 22-mile greenway, plus some spurs, as the route for the Naugatuck River Marathon in the future. Draft routing maps and study reports were also posted on the project website which was established at the beginning of the process and maintained unt il the very end of the process. Comments on the greenway routing maps were received at the wo rkshops, via email, and by U.S. Mail. Press releases were published for both sets of works hops in the Republican American and weekly town newspapers. Articles were written and published on the workshops, including references to the project website. Video of the Thomaston workshop was pos ted to the Republican American website. The second half of each workshop featured a sma ll-group exercise. Using large maps as references, community members were asked to discuss the following questions and mark up the maps with their suggestions, ideas and concerns. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 46 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut 1. What are the key places/destinations that the Greenway trail should connect to? 2. Where are the critical gaps between th ese places and the Naugatuck River? 3. Where along the river are the best places for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc. 4. What are your comments on the draft recommended routing? 5. Where along the proposed greenway are the best pl aces for amenities besides a trail, such as a small boat launch, a picnic area, parking, rest station, etc.? Each meeting wrapped up after the smaller groups reported back to the entire group with their comments on local conditions as well as recommendations for potential routing options and the placement and nature of greenway amenities. Subsequent to the four community workshops, me mbers of the Connecticut Horse Council and the Connecticut Equine Advisory Council investigated key trail connections that currently exist in the Naugatuck River corridor area. They provided a detailed memo to COGCNV and mapped the connections in a GIS database, some of which helped the consultant team recommend spur-trail links important to equestrians. A meeting was also held with representatives of th e Railroad Museum of New England, the operator of the Naugatuck Railroad. They explained their future plans for the museum and support for the greenway project. The museum representatives also explained their safety concerns and maintenance requirements for the rail with trails sections of the greenway route. After comments were gathered from the workshops and other key stakeholders, draft reports for the four municipalities and the overall region were written and made available for public comment. Printed copies were available at Town Clerks’ offices as well as at the Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls public libraries. The project web site included links to electronic copies of the draft reports. A fifth and final public meeting was held in Waterbury on September 14, 2010, in conjunction with the monthly meeting of the Regional Planning Commission. This provided a final opportunity for the public to weigh-in on the final draft reco mmendations of the Greenway Routing Study. During the month of October, public presentations of the final recommendations were made in Thomaston, Watertown, Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. (The alignment for the Naugatuck River Gree nway in Waterbury had been determined in an earlier study and adopted in early 2010.) These gave their respective communities and elected officials the opportunity to see the final r ecommendations in a Powerpoint slideshow format. Simultaneously, electronic copies of the final report s for the individual municipalities as well as the Regional Report and Executive Summary were made available on the project website. Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 47 Appendix B – Land Parcel Inventory and Maps ID Owner’s Name Parcel Location Mailing Address City State Zip Land Use Map/ Block Lot Parcel Area (Acres) 1 002-001-0014 39.728 2 O & G INDUSTRIES RAILROAD AVE 112 WALL ST TORRINGTON CT 6790 INDUSTRIAL GENERAL 007-002-0018 35.637 3 009-001-0002&1 0.698 4 003-002-0040 5.998 5 O & G INDUSTRIES RAILROAD AVE 112 WALL ST TORRINGTON CT 6790 INDUSTRIAL GENERAL 007-002-0017 3.043 6 ONE ELEVEN RAILROAD AVENUE 111 RAILROAD AVE 5590 MAIN ST-PUTNEY STRATFORD CT 6614 INDUSTRIAL GENERAL 007-002-0016 2.061 7 CONN LIGHT & POWER CO 180 COLD SPRING RD PO BOX 270 HARTFORD CT 6141 INDUSTRIAL GENERAL 005-001-0005 9.329 8 007-001-0001 17.364 9 007-001-0001-A 5.366 10 CARROLL GEORGE T CLARK LN 016-001-0001 105.254 11 016-001-0001-A 25.149 12 002-001-0012 67.950 13 014-001-0061 615.338 14 014-001-0001 0.42 15 014-001-0002 1.42 Table 2: Land Parcel Inventory (see maps on following pages). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 48 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Figure 10: Land Parcel Inventory Map 6 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 49 Figure 11: Land Parcel Inventory Map 7 for Naugatuck/Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 50 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Figure 12: Land Parcel Inventory Map 8 for Beacon Falls Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 51 This page intentionally blank Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 52 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Appendix C – Detailed Cost Estimate Tables Preliminary estimates of construction costs based upon the recommended greenway sections are described in this appendix. Important assumptions used to arrive at these estimates include:  All costs are in 2010 dollars (no adjustments for inflation)  Costs do not include property acquisition  Peripheral roadway intersection improvements are not included (e.g., replacing a poorly functioning intersection with a round-about)  Standard construction methods and materials are used These estimates were prepared using the latest revisions to the CTDOT’s Preliminary Cost Estimating Guidelines , dated January 2010. In keeping with CTDOT’s co st estimating guidelines, the costs include a number of miscellaneous items that are based on a percentage of construction costs (e.g., maintenance and protection of traffic [4%], minor items [25%] and incidentals [21%]). These percentages tend to be conservative estimates of actual cost. Cost estimates can also be impacted when a local public works department carries out the work. In these cases, so me of CTDOT’s estimated add-ons would not apply. Where appropriate, adjustments to the typical unit pr ices were made to reflect current market conditions and the consultant team’s experience with othe r greenway construction projects. The guidelines were supplemented where necessary for atypical items (e.g., pre-fabricated pedestrian bridges, boat launches, etc.). Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut | 53 Regional Naugatuck River Greenway Routing Study 54 | Final Report: Beacon Falls, Connecticut Figure 13: Trail Segment Cost Estimate Location Diagram. 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